Articles | Volume 9, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2399-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2399-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Oct 2013
Research article |
| 30 Oct 2013
Biological proxies recorded in a Belukha ice core, Russian Altai
T. Papina
Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia
T. Blyakharchuk
Institute for Monitoring of Climatic & Ecological Systems SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia
A. Eichler
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
N. Malygina
Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia
E. Mitrofanova
Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia
M. Schwikowski
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Chemistry und Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Johanna Schäfer, Anja Beschnitt, François Burgay, Thomas Singer, Margit Schwikowski, and Thorsten Hoffmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2243, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers preserve organic compounds from atmospheric aerosols, which can serve as markers for emission sources. Most studies overlook the enantiomers of chiral compounds. We developed a 2-dimensional liquid chromatography method to determine the chiral ratios of monoterpene oxidation products cis-pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid in ice-core samples. Applied to samples from the Belukha glacier (1870–1970 CE), the method revealed fluctuating chiral ratios for the analytes.
Elena Di Stefano, Giovanni Baccolo, Massimiliano Clemenza, Barbara Delmonte, Deborah Fiorini, Roberto Garzonio, Margit Schwikowski, and Valter Maggi
The Cryosphere, 18, 2865–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising temperatures are impacting the reliability of glaciers as environmental archives. This study reports how meltwater percolation affects the distribution of tritium and cesium, which are commonly used as temporal markers in dating ice cores, in a temperate glacier. Our findings challenge the established application of radionuclides for dating mountain ice cores and indicate tritium as the best choice.
Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Anja Eichler, and Eric Wolff
The Cryosphere, 18, 2691–2718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing temperatures worldwide lead to more melting of glaciers and ice caps, even in the polar regions. This is why ice-core scientists need to prepare to analyse records affected by melting and refreezing. In this paper, we present a summary of how near-surface melt forms, what structural imprints it leaves in snow, how various signatures used for ice-core climate reconstruction are altered, and how we can still extract valuable insights from melt-affected ice cores.
Horst Machguth, Anja Eichler, Margit Schwikowski, Sabina Brütsch, Enrico Mattea, Stanislav Kutuzov, Martin Heule, Ryskul Usubaliev, Sultan Belekov, Vladimir N. Mikhalenko, Martin Hoelzle, and Marlene Kronenberg
The Cryosphere, 18, 1633–1646, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018 we drilled an 18 m ice core on the summit of Grigoriev ice cap, located in the Tien Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan. The core analysis reveals strong melting since the early 2000s. Regardless of this, we find that the structure and temperature of the ice have changed little since the 1980s. The probable cause of this apparent stability is (i) an increase in snowfall and (ii) the fact that meltwater nowadays leaves the glacier and thereby removes so-called latent heat.
Emma Nilsson, Carmen Paulina Vega, Dmitry Divine, Anja Eichler, Tonu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Elisabeth Schlosser, Margit Schwikowski, and Elisabeth Isaksson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
To project future climate change it is necessary to understand paleoclimate including past sea ice conditions. We have investigated methane sulphonic acid (MSA) in Antarctic firn and ice cores to reconstruct sea ice extent (SIE) and found that the MSA – SIE as well as the MSA – phytoplankton biomass relationship varies across the different firn and ice cores. These inconsistencies in correlations across records suggest that MSA in Fimbul Ice Shelf cores does not reliably indicate regional SIE.
Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Hanna L. Brooks, Emma Erwin, Erich Osterberg, Seth Campbell, Cameron Wake, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 17, 4007–4020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4007-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4007-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the behavior of ocean–atmosphere teleconnections in the North Pacific during warm intervals can aid in predicting future warming scenarios. However, majority ice core records from Alaska–Yukon region only provide data for the last few centuries. This study introduces a continuous chronology for Denali ice core from Begguya, Alaska, using multiple dating methods. The early-Holocene-origin Denali ice core will facilitate future investigations of hydroclimate in the North Pacific.
Anja Eichler, Michel Legrand, Theo M. Jenk, Susanne Preunkert, Camilla Andersson, Sabine Eckhardt, Magnuz Engardt, Andreas Plach, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 17, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how a 250-year history of the emission of air pollutants (major inorganic aerosol constituents, black carbon, and trace species) is preserved in ice cores from four sites in the European Alps. The observed uniform timing in species-dependent longer-term concentration changes reveals that the different ice-core records provide a consistent, spatially representative signal of the pollution history from western European countries.
Wangbin Zhang, Shugui Hou, Shuang-Ye Wu, Hongxi Pang, Sharon B. Sneed, Elena V. Korotkikh, Paul A. Mayewski, Theo M. Jenk, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 16, 1997–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a quantitative method to reconstruct annual precipitation records at the millennial timescale from the Tibetan ice cores through combining annual layer identification based on LA-ICP-MS measurement with an ice flow model. The reliability of this method is assessed by comparing our results with other reconstructed and modeled precipitation series for the Tibetan Plateau. The assessment shows that the method has a promising performance.
Paolo Gabrielli, Theo Manuel Jenk, Michele Bertó, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Mai Winstrup, Klaus Oeggl, Margit Schwikowski, Barbara Stenni, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present a methodology that reduces the chronological uncertainty of an Alpine ice core record from the glacier Alto dell’Ortles, Italy. This chronology will allow the constraint of the Holocene climatic and environmental histories emerging from this archive of Central Europe. This method will allow to obtain accurate chronologies also from other ice cores from-low latitude/high-altitude glaciers that typically suffer from larger dating uncertainties compared with well dated polar records.
Daniela Festi, Margit Schwikowski, Valter Maggi, Klaus Oeggl, and Theo Manuel Jenk
The Cryosphere, 15, 4135–4143, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In our study we dated a 46 m deep ice core retrieved from the Adamello glacier (Central Italian Alps). We obtained a timescale combining the results of radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs with annual layer counting derived from pollen and refractory black carbon concentrations. Our results indicate that the surface of the glacier is older than the drilling date of 2016 by about 20 years, therefore revealing that the glacier is at high risk of collapsing under current climate warming conditions.
Shugui Hou, Wangbin Zhang, Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Shuangye Wu, Hongxi Pang, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 15, 2109–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present ages for two new ice cores reaching bedrock, from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) glacier in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and the Shulenanshan (SLNS) glacier in the western Qilian Mountains. We estimated bottom ages of 8.90±0.57/0.56 ka and 7.46±1.46/1.79 ka for the ZK and SLNS ice core respectively, constraining the time range accessible by Tibetan ice cores to the Holocene.
Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Thomas Singer, Shugui Hou, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 15, 1537–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1537-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1537-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The interpretation of the ice-core-preserved signal requires a precise chronology. Radiocarbon (14C) dating of the water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) fraction has become an important dating tool. However, this method is restricted by the low concentration in the ice. In this work, we report first 14C dating results using the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction. The resulting ages are comparable in both fractions, but by using the DOC fraction the required ice mass can be reduced.
Sebastian Hellmann, Johanna Kerch, Ilka Weikusat, Andreas Bauder, Melchior Grab, Guillaume Jouvet, Margit Schwikowski, and Hansruedi Maurer
The Cryosphere, 15, 677–694, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the orientation of ice crystals in an Alpine glacier and compare this orientation with the ice flow direction. We found that the crystals orient in the direction of the largest stress which is in the flow direction in the upper parts of the glacier and in the vertical direction for deeper zones of the glacier. The grains cluster around this maximum stress direction, in particular four-point maxima, most likely as a result of recrystallisation under relatively warm conditions.
Guillaume Jouvet, Stefan Röllin, Hans Sahli, José Corcho, Lars Gnägi, Loris Compagno, Dominik Sidler, Margit Schwikowski, Andreas Bauder, and Martin Funk
The Cryosphere, 14, 4233–4251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4233-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4233-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We show that plutonium is an effective tracer to identify ice originating from the early 1960s at the surface of a mountain glacier after a long time within the ice flow, giving unique information on the long-term former ice motion. Combined with ice flow modelling, the dating can be extended to the entire glacier, and we show that an airplane which crash-landed on the Gauligletscher in 1946 will likely soon be released from the ice close to the place where pieces have emerged in recent years.
Jacinta Edebeli, Jürg C. Trachsel, Sven E. Avak, Markus Ammann, Martin Schneebeli, Anja Eichler, and Thorsten Bartels-Rausch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13443–13454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Earth’s snow cover is very dynamic and can change its physical properties within hours, as is well known by skiers. Snow is also a well-known host of chemical reactions – the products of which impact air composition and quality. Here, we present laboratory experiments that show how the dynamics of snow make snow essentially inert with respect to gas-phase ozone with time despite its content of reactive chemicals. Impacts on polar atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
Dimitri Osmont, Sandra Brugger, Anina Gilgen, Helga Weber, Michael Sigl, Robin L. Modini, Christoph Schwörer, Willy Tinner, Stefan Wunderle, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 14, 3731–3745, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this interdisciplinary case study, we were able to link biomass burning emissions from the June 2017 wildfires in Portugal to their deposition in the snowpack at Jungfraujoch, Swiss Alps. We analysed black carbon and charcoal in the snowpack, calculated backward trajectories, and monitored the fire evolution by remote sensing. Such case studies help to understand the representativity of biomass burning records in ice cores and how biomass burning tracers are archived in the snowpack.
Shugui Hou, Wangbin Zhang, Hongxi Pang, Shuang-Ye Wu, Theo M. Jenk, Margit Schwikowski, and Yetang Wang
The Cryosphere, 13, 1743–1752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1743-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1743-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The apparent discrepancy between the Holocene δ18O records of the Guliya and the Chongce ice cores may be attributed to a possible misinterpretation of the Guliya ice core chronology.
Dimitri Osmont, Michael Sigl, Anja Eichler, Theo M. Jenk, and Margit Schwikowski
Clim. Past, 15, 579–592, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-579-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-579-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first black carbon (BC) ice-core record from the Andes (Illimani, Bolivia). It spans the entire Holocene and reflects biomass burning emissions from the Amazon Basin, with high (low) concentrations during warm–dry (wet–cold) periods. The highest fire activity occurred during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (7000–3000 BCE). Recent BC levels, increasing since 1730 CE, do not exceed those of the Medieval Warm Period. The contribution from industrial and traffic emissions remains minor.
Michael Sigl, Nerilie J. Abram, Jacopo Gabrieli, Theo M. Jenk, Dimitri Osmont, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 12, 3311–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The fast retreat of Alpine glaciers since the mid-19th century documented in photographs is used as a symbol for the human impact on global climate, yet the key driving forces remain elusive. Here we argue that not industrial soot but volcanic eruptions were responsible for an apparently accelerated deglaciation starting in the 1850s. Our findings support a negligible role of human activity in forcing glacier recession at the end of the Little Ice Age, highlighting the role of natural drivers.
Dimitri Osmont, Isabel A. Wendl, Loïc Schmidely, Michael Sigl, Carmen P. Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, and Margit Schwikowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12777–12795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12777-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12777-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first long-term and high-resolution refractory black carbon (rBC) ice core record from Svalbard, spanning the last 800 years. Our results show that rBC has had a predominant anthropogenic origin since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and that rBC concentrations have been declining in the last 40 years. We discuss the impact of 20th century snowmelt on our record. We reconstruct biomass burning trends prior to 1800 by using a multi-proxy approach.
Anina Gilgen, Carole Adolf, Sandra O. Brugger, Luisa Ickes, Margit Schwikowski, Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, Willy Tinner, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11813–11829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11813-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11813-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Microscopic charcoal particles are fire-specific tracers, which are presently the primary source for reconstructing past fire activity. In this study, we implement microscopic charcoal particles into a global aerosol–climate model to better understand the transport of charcoal on a large scale. We find that the model captures a significant portion of the spatial variability but fails to reproduce the extreme variability observed in the charcoal data.
Shugui Hou, Theo M. Jenk, Wangbin Zhang, Chaomin Wang, Shuangye Wu, Yetang Wang, Hongxi Pang, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 12, 2341–2348, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2341-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2341-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present multiple lines of evidence indicating that the Chongce ice cores drilled from the northwestern Tibetan Plateau reaches back only to the early Holocene. This result is at least, 1 order of magnitude younger than the nearby Guliya ice core (~30 km away from the Chongce ice core drilling site) but similar to other Tibetan ice cores. Thus it is necessary to explore multiple dating techniques to confirm the age ranges of the Tibetan ice cores.
Mackenzie M. Grieman, Murat Aydin, Elisabeth Isaksson, Margit Schwikowski, and Eric S. Saltzman
Clim. Past, 14, 637–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-637-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-637-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents organic acid levels in an ice core from Svalbard over the past 800 years. These acids are produced from wildfire emissions and transported as aerosol. Organic acid levels are high early in the record and decline until the 20th century. Siberia and Europe are likely the primary source regions of the fire emissions. The data are similar to those from a Siberian ice core prior to 1400 CE. The timing of the divergence after 1400 CE is similar to a shift in North Atlantic climate.
Carmen Paulina Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, Elisabeth Schlosser, Dmitry Divine, Tõnu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Anja Eichler, and Margit Schwikowski-Gigar
The Cryosphere, 12, 1681–1697, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ions were measured in firn and ice cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to evaluate sea-salt loads. A significant sixfold increase in sea salts was found in the S100 core after 1950s which suggests that it contains a more local sea-salt signal, dominated by processes during sea-ice formation in the neighbouring waters. In contrast, firn cores from three ice rises register the larger-scale signal of atmospheric flow conditions and transport of sea-salt aerosols produced over open water.
Pascal Bohleber, Leo Sold, Douglas R. Hardy, Margit Schwikowski, Patrick Klenk, Andrea Fischer, Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen, Mariusz Potocki, Helene Hoffmann, and Paul Mayewski
The Cryosphere, 11, 469–482, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-469-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-469-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our study is the first to use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to investigate ice thickness and internal layering at Kilimanjaro’s largest ice body, the Northern Ice Field (NIF). For monitoring the ongoing ice loss, our ice thickness soundings allowed us to estimate the total ice volume remaining at NIF's southern portion. Englacial GPR reflections indicate undisturbed layers within NIF's center and provide a first link between age information obtained from ice coring and vertical wall sampling.
Rune Strand Ødegård, Atle Nesje, Ketil Isaksen, Liss Marie Andreassen, Trond Eiken, Margit Schwikowski, and Chiara Uglietti
The Cryosphere, 11, 17–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-17-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Despite numerous spectacular archaeological discoveries worldwide related to melting ice, governing processes related to ice patch development are still largely unexplored. We present new results from Jotunheimen in central southern Norway showing that the Juvfonne ice patch has existed continuously since ca. 7600 cal years BP. This is the oldest dating of ice in mainland Norway. Moss mats along the margin of Juvfonne in 2014 were covered by the expanding ice patch about 2000 years ago.
Chiara Uglietti, Alexander Zapf, Theo Manuel Jenk, Michael Sigl, Sönke Szidat, Gary Salazar, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 10, 3091–3105, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3091-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3091-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A meaningful interpretation of the climatic history contained in ice cores requires a precise chronology. For dating the older and deeper part of the glaciers, radiocarbon analysis can be used when organic matter such as plant or insect fragments are found in the ice. Since this happens rarely, a complementary dating tool, based on radiocarbon dating of the insoluble fraction of carbonaceous aerosols entrapped in the ice, allows for ice dating between 200 and more than 10 000 years.
Paolo Gabrielli, Carlo Barbante, Giuliano Bertagna, Michele Bertó, Daniel Binder, Alberto Carton, Luca Carturan, Federico Cazorzi, Giulio Cozzi, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Mary Davis, Fabrizio De Blasi, Roberto Dinale, Gianfranco Dragà, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Massimo Frezzotti, Jacopo Gabrieli, Stephan P. Galos, Patrick Ginot, Petra Heidenwolf, Theo M. Jenk, Natalie Kehrwald, Donald Kenny, Olivier Magand, Volkmar Mair, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Ping Nan Lin, Klaus Oeggl, Gianni Piffer, Mirko Rinaldi, Ulrich Schotterer, Margit Schwikowski, Roberto Seppi, Andrea Spolaor, Barbara Stenni, David Tonidandel, Chiara Uglietti, Victor Zagorodnov, Thomas Zanoner, and Piero Zennaro
The Cryosphere, 10, 2779–2797, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
New ice cores were extracted from Alto dell'Ortles, the highest glacier of South Tyrol in the Italian Alps, to check whether prehistoric ice, which is coeval to the famous 5300-yr-old Tyrolean Iceman, is still preserved in this region. Dating of the ice cores confirms the hypothesis and indicates the drilling site has been glaciated since the end of the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (7000 yrs BP). We also infer that an unprecedented acceleration of the glacier flow has recently begun.
Carmen P. Vega, Elisabeth Schlosser, Dmitry V. Divine, Jack Kohler, Tõnu Martma, Anja Eichler, Margit Schwikowski, and Elisabeth Isaksson
The Cryosphere, 10, 2763–2777, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2763-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2763-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Surface mass balance and water stable isotopes from firn cores on three ice rises at Fimbul Ice Shelf are reported. The results suggest that the ice rises are suitable sites for the retrieval of longer firn and ice cores. The first deuterium excess data for the area suggests a possible role of seasonal moisture transport changes on the annual isotopic signal. Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns most likely provide the dominant influence on water stable isotope ratios at the sites.
Carmen P. Vega, Veijo A. Pohjola, Emilie Beaudon, Björn Claremar, Ward J. J. van Pelt, Rickard Pettersson, Elisabeth Isaksson, Tõnu Martma, Margit Schwikowski, and Carl E. Bøggild
The Cryosphere, 10, 961–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-961-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-961-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify post-depositional relocation of major ions by meltwater in snow and firn at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, consecutive ice cores drilled at this site were used to construct a synthetic core. The relocation length of most of the ions was on the order of 1 m between 2007 and 2010. Considering the ionic relocation lengths and annual melt percentages, we estimate that the atmospheric ionic signal remains preserved in recently drilled Lomonosovfonna ice cores at an annual or bi-annual resolution.
C. Müller-Tautges, A. Eichler, M. Schwikowski, G. B. Pezzatti, M. Conedera, and T. Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1029–1043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1029-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1029-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper focuses on the determination and interpretation of historic records of organic compounds in an ice core from Grenzgletscher in the southern Swiss Alps, covering the time period from 1942 to 1993. The resulting long-term records of organic species were found to be influenced by the forest fire history in southern Switzerland, anthropogenic emissions, as well as changing mineral dust transport to the drilling site.
J. Gabbi, M. Huss, A. Bauder, F. Cao, and M. Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 9, 1385–1400, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice increase the absorption of solar radiation and thus enhance melting. We investigated the effect of Saharan dust and black carbon on the mass balance of an Alpine glacier over 1914-2014. Snow impurities increased melt by 15-19% depending on the location on the glacier. From the accumulation area towards the equilibrium line, the effect of impurities increased as more frequent years with negative mass balance led to a re-exposure of dust-enriched layers.
I. A. Wendl, A. Eichler, E. Isaksson, T. Martma, and M. Schwikowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7287–7300, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7287-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7287-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate and ammonium ice core records from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, indicated anthropogenic pollution from Eurasia as major source during the 20th century. In pre-industrial times nitrate is correlated with methane sulfonate, which we explain with a fertilising effect, presumably triggered by enhanced atmospheric nitrogen input to the ocean. Eurasia was likely the main source area also of pre-industrial nitrate, but for ammonium, biogenic emissions from Siberian boreal forests were dominant.
S. Kang, F. Wang, U. Morgenstern, Y. Zhang, B. Grigholm, S. Kaspari, M. Schwikowski, J. Ren, T. Yao, D. Qin, and P. A. Mayewski
The Cryosphere, 9, 1213–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1213-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1213-2015, 2015
Short summary
L. Sold, M. Huss, A. Eichler, M. Schwikowski, and M. Hoelzle
The Cryosphere, 9, 1075–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1075-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1075-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a method for estimating annual accumulation rates on a temperate Alpine glacier based on the interpretation of internal reflection horizons in helicopter-borne ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. In combination with a simple model for firn densification and refreezing of meltwater, GPR can be used not only to complement existing mass balance monitoring programmes but also to retrospectively extend newly initiated time series.
Y.-L. Zhang, R.-J. Huang, I. El Haddad, K.-F. Ho, J.-J. Cao, Y. Han, P. Zotter, C. Bozzetti, K. R. Daellenbach, F. Canonaco, J. G. Slowik, G. Salazar, M. Schwikowski, J. Schnelle-Kreis, G. Abbaszade, R. Zimmermann, U. Baltensperger, A. S. H. Prévôt, and S. Szidat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1299–1312, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Source apportionment of fine carbonaceous aerosols using radiocarbon and other organic markers measurements during 2013 winter haze episodes was conducted at four megacities in China. Our results demonstrate that fossil emissions predominate EC with a mean contribution of 75±8%, whereas non-fossil sources account for 55±10% of OC; and the increment of TC on heavily polluted days was mainly driven by the increase of secondary OC from both fossil-fuel and non-fossil emissions.
P. Zotter, V. G. Ciobanu, Y. L. Zhang, I. El-Haddad, M. Macchia, K. R. Daellenbach, G. A. Salazar, R.-J. Huang, L. Wacker, C. Hueglin, A. Piazzalunga, P. Fermo, M. Schwikowski, U. Baltensperger, S. Szidat, and A. S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13551–13570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13551-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13551-2014, 2014
I. A. Wendl, J. A. Menking, R. Färber, M. Gysel, S. D. Kaspari, M. J. G. Laborde, and M. Schwikowski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2667–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014, 2014
S. Kaspari, T. H. Painter, M. Gysel, S. M. Skiles, and M. Schwikowski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8089–8103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8089-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8089-2014, 2014
I. Mariani, A. Eichler, T. M. Jenk, S. Brönnimann, R. Auchmann, M. C. Leuenberger, and M. Schwikowski
Clim. Past, 10, 1093–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1093-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1093-2014, 2014
M. Schwikowski, M. Schläppi, P. Santibañez, A. Rivera, and G. Casassa
The Cryosphere, 7, 1635–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1635-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1635-2013, 2013
S. Brönnimann, I. Mariani, M. Schwikowski, R. Auchmann, and A. Eichler
Clim. Past, 9, 2013–2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2013-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2013-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Aizen, V. B., Aizen, E. M., Melack, J. M., Kreutz K. J., and Cecil, L. D.: Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn–ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, central Tien Shan, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003894, 2004.
Aizen, V. B., Aizen, E., Fujita, K., Nikitin, S. A., Kreutz, K. J., and Takeuchi, N.: Stable-isotope time series and precipitation origin from firn-core and snow samples, Altai glaciers, Siberia, J. Glaciol., 51, 637–654, 2005.
Aizen, V. B., Aizen, E. M., Joswiak, D. R., Fujita, K., Takeuchi, N., and Nikitin, S. A.: Climatic and atmospheric circulation pattern variability from ice-core isotope/geochemistry records (Altai, Tien Shan and Tibet), Ann. Glaciol., 43, 49–60, 2006.
Barry, R. and Perry, A.: Synoptic Climatology, Methods and Applications, Harper Collins, New York, 555, 1973.
Bazhenova, O. P., Mitrofanova, E. Y., and Shakhoval, V. E.: Stomatocysts of Chrysophyte Algae from Water Bodies of the Territory Near the Irtysh River in the Omsk Region and Lake Teletskoe (Mountainous Altay, Russia), Contemparary Problems of Ecology, 4, 571–578, 2012.
Bennett, K. D., Simonson, W. D., and Peglar, S. M.: Fire and man in post-glacial woodlands of eastern England, J. Archaeol. Sci., 17, 635–642, 1990.
Bezuglova, N. N., Zinchenko, G. S., Malygina, N. S., Papina, T. S., and Barlyaeva, T. V.: Response of high-mountain Altai thermal regime to climate global warming of recent decades, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 110, 595–605, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0710-2, 2012.
Birks, H. J. B.: The use of pollen analysis in the reconstruction of past climates: a review, in: Climate and history, edited by: Wigley, T. M. L., Ingram, M. J., and Farmer, G., Studies in past climates and their impact of man, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 111–138, 1981.
Chou, C., Stetzer, O., Weingartner, E., Jurányi, Z., Kanji, Z. A., and Lohmann, U.: Ice nuclei properties within a Saharan dust event at the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4725–4738, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4725-2011, 2011.
Cong, Z., Kang, S., Zhang, Y., and Li, X.: Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to central Tibetan Plateau, Appl. Geochem., 25, 1415–1421, 2010.
Croft, B., Lohmann, U., Martin, R. V., Stier, P., Wurzler, S., Feichter, J., Hoose, C., Heikkilä, U., van Donkelaar, A., and Ferrachat, S.: Influences of in-cloud aerosol scavenging parameterizations on aerosol concentrations and wet deposition in ECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1511–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1511-2010, 2010.
Croft, B., Pierce, J. R., Martin, R. V., Hoose, C., and Lohmann, U.: Uncertainty associated with convective wet removal of entrained aerosols in a global climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10725–10748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10725-2012, 2012.
Dzerdzeevskii, B. L.: Circulation mechanisms in the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere in 20-th century. Data of meteorological studies, Circulation of Atmosphere, International geophysical year, Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Interagency Geophysical Committee of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 240 pp., 1968 (in Russian with English summary and contents).
Dzerdzeevskii, B.: Climatic epochs in the twentieth century and some comments on the analysis of past climates, in: Quaternary Geology and Climate: Proc. of the VII INQUA Congress, Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, 49–60, 1969.
Dzerdzeevskii, B. L.: Selected works. General atmospheric circulation and climate, Nauka, Moscow, 288, 1975 (in Russian).
Eichler, A., Oliver, S., Henderson, K., Laube, A., Beer, J., Papina, T., Gäggeler, H. W., and Schwikowski, M.: Temperature response in the Altai region lags solar forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01808. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035930, 2009a.
Eichler, A., Brutsch, S., Olivier, S., Papina, T., and Schwikowski, M: A 750 year ice core record of past biogenic emissions from Siberian boreal forests, Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, L18813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038807, 2009b.
Eichler, A., Tinner, W., Brutsch, S., Olivie, S., Papina, T., and Schwikowski, M.: An ice-core based history of Siberian forest fires since AD 1250, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1027–1034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.007, 2011.
Eichler, A., Tobler, L., Eyrikh, S., Gramlich, G., Malygina, N., Papina, T., and Schwikowski, M.: Three Centuries of Eastern European and Altai Lead Emissions Recorded in a Belukha Ice Core, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4323–4330, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2039954, 2012.
Faegri, K. and Iversen, J.: Textbook of pollen analysis, 4th Edn., edited by: Fægri, K., Kaland, P. E., and Krzywinski, K., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 328, 1989.
Fujita, S., Takahashi, A., Weng, J.-H., Huang, L.-F., Kim, H.-K., Li, C.-K., Huang, F., and Jeng, F.-T.: Precipitation chemistry in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 34, 525–537, 2000.
Galakhov, V. P. and Mukhametov, R. M.: Glaciers of the Altai, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 136, 1999 (in Russian).
GLIMS Glacier Database, available at: http://nsidc.org/glims/ (last access: 5 December 2012), 2012.
Haefeli, R.: Contribution to the movement and the form of ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic, J. Glaciology, 3, 1133–1151. 1961.
Henderson, K., Laube, A., Gäggeler, H. W., Olivier, S., Papina, T., and Schwikowski, M.: Temporal variations of accumulation and temperature during the past two centuries from Belukha ice core, Siberian Altai, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D03104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005819, 2006.
Holmes, J. K.: Nonmarine ostracods as Quaternary palaeoenviromental indicators, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 16, 405–431, 1992.
Kobyalko, R. A. and Ostanin, O. V.: Modern glaciation of the Central Altai, in: Geographical research of young scientists in Asia, Barnaul – Belokurikha, Russia, 20–24 November 2012, 117–121, 2012 (in Russian).
Kononova, N. K.: Classification of Circulation Mechanisms of the Northern Hemisphere based on B. L. Dzerdzeevskii, Institute Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Voentechinizdat, Moscow, 372, 2009 (in Russian with English title, summary foreword, introduction, conclusion and contents).
Liu, K. B., Yao, Z., and Thompson, L. G.: A pollen record of Holocene climatic changes from the Dunde ice cap, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Geology, 26, 135–138, 1998.
Liu, K. B., Reese, C. A., and Thompson, L. G.: Ice-core pollen record of climatic changes in the central Andes during the last 400 yr, Quaternary Res., 64, 272–278, 2005.
Mikhalenko, V. N.: Inner structure of glaciers in non-polar regions, LKI Press, Moscow, 320, 2008 (in Russian).
Mitrofanova, E., Malygina, N., Papina, T., Eichler, A., Herren, P. A., and Schwikowski, M.: Biological species recorded in Belukha (Siberian Altai) and Tsambagarav (Mongolian Altai) ice core, Annual report, Paul Scherrer Institut, University of Bern, Switzeland, 98, 2012.
Nakazawa, F. and Fujita, K.: Use of ice cores from glaciers with melting for reconstructing mean summer temperature variations, Ann. Glaciol., 43, 167–171, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781812302, 2006.
Nakazawa, F., Fujita, K., Uetake, J., Kohno, M., Fujiki, T., Arkhipov, S. M., Kameda, T., Suzuki, K., and Fujii, Y.: Application of pollen analysis to dating of ice cores from lower-latitude glaciers, J. Geophys. Res. 109, F04001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000125, 2004.
Nakazawa, F., Fujita, K., Takeuchi, N., Fujiki, T., Uetake, J., Aizen, V., and Nakawo, M.: Dating of seasonal snow/firn accumulation layers using pollen analysis, J. Glaciology, 51, 483–490, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829179, 2005.
Nakazawa, F., Miyake, T., Fujita, K., Takeuchi, N., Uetake, J., Fujiki, T., Aizen, V., ani Nakawo, M.: Establishing the Timing of Chemical Deposition Events on Belukha Glacier, Altai Mountains, Russia, Using Pollen Analysis, Arctic, Antarct. Alpine Res., 43, 66–72, 2011.
Nakazawa, F., Konya, K., Kadota, T., and Ohata, T.: Reconstruction of the depositional environment upstream of Potanin Glacier, Mongolian Altai, from pollen analysis, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 035402, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035402, 2012.
Narozniy, Ju. K. and Osipov, A. V.: Oroclimatic conditions of the Central Altai glaciations, News Russian Geogr. Soc., 131, 49–57, 1999 (in Russian).
Narozniy, Ju. K., Narojnaya, O. V., and Popova K. I.: Circulation regime and hydrothermal conditions winters, Altai, 4, 183–188, 1993 (in Russian).
Ogureeva, G. N.: Botanical geography Altai, Nauka, Moscow, 190, 1980 (in Russian).
Okamoto, S., Fujita, K., Narita, H., Uetake, J., Takeuchi, N., Miyake, T., Nakazawa, F., Aizen, V. B., Nikitin, S. A., and Nakawo, M.: Reevaluation of the reconstruction of summer temperatures from melt features in Belukha ice cores, Siberian Altai, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013977, 2011.
Olivier, S., Schwikowski, M., Brütsch, S., Eyrikh, S., Gäggeler, H.W., Lüthi, M., Papina, T., Saurer, M., Schotterer, U., Tobler, L., and Vogel, E.: Glaciochemical investigation of an ice core from Belukha glacier, Siberian Altai, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018290, 2003.
Olivier, S., Blaser, C., Brütsch, S., Frolova, N., Gäggeler, H. W., Henderson, K. A., Palmer, A. S., Papina, T., and Schwikowski, M.: Temporal variations of mineral dust, biogenic tracers, and anthropogenic species during the past two centuries from Belukha ice core, Siberian Altai, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005830, 2006.
Pardoe, H. S., Giesecke, T., van der Knaap, W. O., Svitavska-Svobodova, H., Kvavadze, E. V., Panajiotidis, S., Gerasimidis, A, Pidek, I., Zimny, M., Swi\keta-Musznicka, J., Lata\l owa, M., Noryskiewicz, A. M., Bozilova, E., Tonkov, S., Filipova-Mrinova, M. V., Van Leeuwen, J., and Kalniòa, L.: Comparative pollen spectra from modified Tauber traps and moss samples: examples from a selection of woodlands across Europe, Veget. Hist. Archaeobot., 19, 271–283, 2010.
Popova, K. I.: About the type of annual precipitation distribution in Altai Mountains, Glaciologiya Altaya, 7, 169–174, 1972 (in Russian).
Reese, C. A., Liu, K. B., and Thompson, L. G.: An ice-core pollen record showing vegetation response to Late-glacial and Holocene climate changes at Nevado Sajama, Bolivia, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 183–190, 2013.
Revyakin, V. S., Galakhov, V. P., and Goleshchikhin, V. P.: Gornolednikovye basins Altai, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 310, 1979 (in Russian).
RIHMI-WDC: available at: http://aisori.meteo.ru/ClimateR (last access: 20 April 2012), 2012.
Roberts, N.: The Holocene, An Environmental History, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 316, 1998.
Ross, R.: Endemism and cosmopolitism of diatom algae of Great African Lakes, Biosphere. Evolution, space and time, Progress, Moscow, 142–156, 1988.
Santibañez, P., Kohshima, S. Scheihing, R. Jaramillo, J., Shiraiwa, T., Matoba, S., Kanda, D., Labarca, P., and Casassa, G.: Glacier mass balance interpreted from biological analysis of firn cores in the Chilean lake district, J. Glaciol., 54, 452–462, 2008.
Shen, C., Tang, L., Wang, S., Li, C., and Liu, K.: Pollen records and time scale for the RM core of the Zoige Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Chinese, Science Bulletin, 50, 553–562, 2005.
Sladkov, A. N.: Introduction in the spore-pollen analysis, Nauka, Moscow, 275, 1967.
Subbotina, O. I.: Atmospheric circulation, in: Change of climate in middle Asia, SARNIIGMI Publishing, Tashkent, 8–34, 1995 (in Russian).
Uetake, J., Kohshima, S., Nakazawa, F., Suzuki, K., Kohno, M., Kameda, T., Arkhipov, S., and Fujii, Y: Biological ice-core analysis of Sofiyskiy glacier in the Russian Altai, Ann. Glaciol., 43, 70–78, 2006.
Warner, B. G.: Methods in Quaternary ecology 5, Testate amoebae (Protozoa), Geiscience Canada, 15, 251–260, 1988.
Webb, T.: Holocene palynology and climate, in: Paleoclimate analysis and modeling, edited by: Hecht, A. D., Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 455, 1985.
Wetzel, R. G. and Likens, G. E.: Limnological Analyses, 3rd Edn., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 429, 2000.
Yang, B., Tang, L. Y., Li, C. H., Shao, Y., J., Tao, S. C., and Yang, L. Q.: An ice-core record of vegetation and climate changes in the central Tibetan Plateau during the last 550 years, Chinese Science Bulletin, 55, 1169–1177, 2010.
