Articles | Volume 8, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-483-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-483-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Mar 2012
Research article |
| 14 Mar 2012
Persistent influence of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last Interglacial
A. Govin
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
now at: MARUM/Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, Germany
P. Braconnot
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
E. Capron
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
now at: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
E. Cortijo
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
J.-C. Duplessy
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
E. Jansen
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
L. Labeyrie
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
A. Landais
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
O. Marti
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
E. Michel
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
E. Mosquet
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
B. Risebrobakken
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
D. Swingedouw
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
C. Waelbroeck
LSCE/IPSL Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ – UMR8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
Related subject area
Subject: Feedback and Forcing | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Milankovitch
Astronomically paced climate and carbon cycle feedbacks in the lead-up to the Late Devonian Kellwasser Crisis
Environmental changes during the onset of the Late Pliensbachian Event (Early Jurassic) in the Cardigan Bay Basin, Wales
Climate, cryosphere and carbon cycle controls on Southeast Atlantic orbital-scale carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30–0 Ma)
Low-latitude climate variability in the Heinrich frequency band of the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world
On the Milankovitch sensitivity of the Quaternary deep-sea record
Nina M. A. Wichern, Or M. Bialik, Theresa Nohl, Lawrence M. E. Percival, R. Thomas Becker, Pim Kaskes, Philippe Claeys, and David De Vleeschouwer
Clim. Past, 20, 415–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Middle–Late Devonian sedimentary rocks are often punctuated by anoxic black shales. Due to their semi-regular nature, anoxic events may be linked to periodic changes in the Earth’s climate caused by astronomical forcing. We use portable X-ray fluorescence elemental records, measured on marine sediments from Germany, to construct an astrochronological framework for the Kellwasser ocean anoxic Crisis. Results suggest that the Upper Kellwasser event was preceded by a specific orbital configuration.
Teuntje P. Hollaar, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Jean-François Deconinck, Magret Damaschke, Clemens V. Ullmann, Mengjie Jiang, and Claire M. Belcher
Clim. Past, 19, 979–997, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimatological reconstructions aid our understanding of current and future climate change. In the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) a climatic cooling event occurred globally. We show that this cooling event has a significant impact on the depositional environment of the Cardigan Bay basin but that the 405 kyr eccentricity cycle remained the dominant control on terrestrial and marine depositional processes.
Anna Joy Drury, Diederik Liebrand, Thomas Westerhold, Helen M. Beddow, David A. Hodell, Nina Rohlfs, Roy H. Wilkens, Mitchell Lyle, David B. Bell, Dick Kroon, Heiko Pälike, and Lucas J. Lourens
Clim. Past, 17, 2091–2117, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2091-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2091-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use the first high-resolution southeast Atlantic carbonate record to see how climate dynamics evolved since 30 million years ago (Ma). During ~ 30–13 Ma, eccentricity (orbital circularity) paced carbonate deposition. After the mid-Miocene Climate Transition (~ 14 Ma), precession (Earth's tilt direction) increasingly drove carbonate variability. In the latest Miocene (~ 8 Ma), obliquity (Earth's tilt) pacing appeared, signalling increasing high-latitude influence.
N. J. de Winter, C. Zeeden, and F. J. Hilgen
Clim. Past, 10, 1001–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1001-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1001-2014, 2014
W. H. Berger
Clim. Past, 9, 2003–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2003-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2003-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Adkins, J. F., Boyle, E. A., Keigwin, L. D., and Cortijo, E.: Variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last interglacial period, Nature, 390, 154–156, 1997.
Andersson, C., Pausata, F. S. R., Jansen, E., Risebrobakken, B., and Telford, R. J.: Holocene trends in the foraminifer record from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, Clim. Past, 6, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-179-2010, 2010.
Bakker, P., Van Meerbeeck, C. J., and Renssen, H.: Sensitivity of the North Atlantic climate to Greenland Ice Sheet melting during the Last Interglacial, Clim. Past Discuss., 7, 2763–2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-2763-2011, 2011.
Bamber, J. L., Layberry, R. L., and Gogineni, S. P.: A new ice thickness and bed data set for the Greenland ice sheet 1. Measurement, data reduction, and errors, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33773–33780, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd900054, 2001.
Bard, E., Arnold, M., and Duplessy, J. C.: Reconciling the sea level record of the last deglaciation with the d18O spectra from deep sea cores, in: Radiocarbon dating: recent applications and future potential, edited by: Lowe, J. J., Quaternary Proceedings, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, 67–73, 1991.
Bauch, H. A. and Erlenkeuser, H.: A "critical" climatic evaluation of last interglacial (MIS 5e) records from the Norwegian Sea, Polar Res., 27, 135–151, 2008.
Bauch, H. A. and Kandiano, E. S.: Evidence for early warming and cooling in North Atlantic surface waters during the last interglacial, Paleoceanography, 22, PA1201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005pa001252, 2007.
Bauch, H. A., Kandiano, E. S., Helmke, J., Andersen, N., Rosell-Mele, A., and Erlenkeuser, H.: Climatic bisection of the last interglacial warm period in the Polar North Atlantic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1813–1818, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.012, 2011.
Berger, A. and Loutre, M. F.: Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 10, 297–317, 1991.
Berger, A. L.: Long-Term Variations of Daily Insolation and Quaternary Climatic Changes, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2362–2367, 1978.
Birks, C. J. A. and Koç, N.: A high-resolution diatom record of late-Quaternary sea-surface temperatures and oceanographic conditions from the eastern Norwegian Sea, Boreas, 31, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2002.tb01077.x, 2002.
Blanchon, P., Eisenhauer, A., Fietzke, J., and Liebetrau, V.: Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand, Nature, 458, 881–884, 2009.
Blunier, T. and Brook, E. J.: Timing of millenial-scale climate change in Antarctica and Greenland during the Last Glacial Period, Science, 291, 109–112, 2001.
Bond, G. C., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and Bonani, G.: Correlations between climate records from the North Atlantic sediments and Greenland Ice, Nature, 365, 143–147, 1993.
Born, A., Nisancioglu, K., and Braconnot, P.: Sea ice induced changes in ocean circulation during the Eemian, Clim. Dynam., 35, 1361–1371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0709-2, 2010.
Braconnot, P., Marzin, C., Grégoire, L., Mosquet, E., and Marti, O.: Monsoon response to changes in Earth's orbital parameters: comparisons between simulations of the Eemian and of the Holocene, Clim. Past, 4, 281–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-281-2008, 2008.
Calov, R., Ganopolski, A., Petoukhov, V., Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., and Kubatski, C.: Transient simulation of the last glacial inception, Part II: sensitivity and feedback analysis, Clim. Dynam., 24, 563–576, 2005.
Calvo, E., Grimalt, J., and Jansen, E.: High resolution U37K sea surface temperature reconstruction in the Norwegian Sea during the Holocene, Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 1385–1394, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00096-8, 2002.
Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., de Deckker, P., and Logan, G. A.: Antarctic deglacial pattern in a 30 kyr record of sea surface temperature offshore South Australia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029937, 2007.
Came, R. E., Oppo, D. W., and McManus, J. F.: Amplitude and timing of temperature and salinity variability in the subpolar North Atlantic over the past 10 k.y, Geology, 35, 315–318, https://doi.org/10.1130/g23455a.1, 2007.
Cape Last Interglacial Project members: Last Interglacial Arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 1383–1400, 2006.
Capron, E., Landais, A., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Schilt, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Buiron, D., Chappellaz, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., and Oerter, H.: Synchronising EDML and NorthGRIP ice cores using δ18O of atmospheric oxygen (δ18O$_{\rm atm}$) and CH4 measurements over MIS5 (80–123 kyr), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 222–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.014, 2010.
Carlson, A. E.: Why there was not a Younger Dryas-like event during the Penultimate Deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 882–887, 2008.
Chapman, M. R. and Shackleton, N. J.: Millennial-scale fluctuations in North Atlantic heat flux during the last 150,000 years, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 159, 57–70, 1998.
Chapman, M. R., Shackleton, N. J., and Duplessy, J.-C.: Sea surface temperature variability during the last glacial-interglacial cycle: assessing the magnitude and pattern of climate change in the North Atlantic, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocli., 157, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00168-6, 2000.
Chappellaz, J., Bluniert, T., Raynaud, D., Barnola, J. M., Schwander, J., and Stauffert, B.: Synchronous changes in atmospheric CH4 and Greenland climate between 40 and 8 kyr BP, Nature, 366, 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1038/366443a0, 1993.
Clark, P. U. and Huybers, P.: Global change: Interglacial and future sea level, Nature, 462, 856–857, https://doi.org/10.1038/462856a, 2009.
Colville, E. J., Carlson, A. E., Beard, B. L., Hatfield, R. G., Stoner, J. S., Reyes, A. V., and Ullman, D. J.: Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Evidence for Ice-Sheet Presence on Southern Greenland During the Last Interglacial, Science, 333, 620–623, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204673, 2011.
Cortijo, E., Duplessy, J. C., Labeyrie, L., Leclaire, H., Duprat, J., and van Weering, T. C. E.: Eemian cooling in the Norwegian Sea and North Atlantic ocean preceding continental ice-sheet growth, Nature, 372, 446–449, 1994.
Cortijo, E., Lehman, S., Keigwin, L., Chapman, M., Paillard, D., and Labeyrie, L.: Changes in meridional temperature and salinity gradients in the North Atlantic Ocean (30–72° N) during the last interglacial period, Paleoceanography, 14, 23–33, 1999.
Crucifix, M. and Loutre, F.: Transient simulations over the last interglacial period (126–115 kyr BP): feedback and forcing analysis, Clim. Dynam., 19, 417–433, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-002-0234-z, 2002.
Cutler, K. B., Edwards, R. L., Taylor, F. W., Cheng, H., Adkins, J., Gallups, C. D., Cutler, P. M., Burr, G. S., and Bloom, A. L.: Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since the last interglacial period, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 206, 253–271, 2003.
Denton, G. H., Anderson, R. F., Toggweiler, J. R., Edwards, R. L., Schaefer, J. M., and Putnam, A. E.: The Last Glacial Termination, Science, 328, 1652–1656, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184119, 2010.
Desprat, S., Sanchez Goni, M. F., Naughton, F., Turon, J.-L., Duprat, J., Malaizé, B., Cortijo, E., and Peypouquet, J.-P.: Climate variability of the last five isotopic interglacials: direct land-sea-ice correlation from the multiproxy analysis of North-Western Iberian margin deep-sea cores, in: The Climate of Past Interglacials, edited by: Sirocko, F., Claussen, M., Sanchez Goni, M. F., and Litt, T., Developments in Quaternary Science, Vol. 7, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 375–386, 2007.
Dokken, T. and Jansen, E.: Rapid changes in the mechanism of ocean convection during the last glacial period, Nature, 401, 458–461, 1999.
Duplessy, J. C., Labeyrie, L., Juillet-Leclerc, A., Maitre, F., Duprat, J., and Sarnthein, M.: Surface salinity reconstruction of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum, Oceanol. Acta, 14, 311–324, 1991.
EPICA Community members: Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core, Nature, 429, 623–628, 2004.
EPICA Community members: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica, Nature, 444, 195–198, 2006.
Felis, T., Lohmann, G., Kuhnert, H., Lorenz, S. J., Scholz, D., Pätzold, J., Al-Rousan, S. A., and Al-Moghrabi, S. M.: Increased seasonality in Middle East temperatures during the last interglacial period, Nature, 429, 164–168, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02546, 2004.
Fichefet, T. and Maqueda, M. A. M.: Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12609–12646, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jc00480, 1997.
Flückiger, J., Blunier, T., Stauffer, B., Chappellaz, J., Spahni, R., Kawamura, K., Schwander, J., Stocker, T., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: N2O and CH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: insight into global processes, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB1020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002122, 2004.
Fronval, T. and Jansen, E.: Eemian and Early Weichselian (140–60 ka) Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate in the Nordic Seas With Comparisons to Holocene Conditions, Paleoceanography, 12, 443–462, https://doi.org/10.1029/97pa00322, 1997.
Fronval, T., Jansen, E., Haflidason, H., and Sejrup, H. P.: Variability in surface and deep water conditions in the Nordic Seas during the last interglacial period, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 17, 963–985, 1998.
Ganopolski, A. and Roche, D. M.: On the nature of lead-lag relationships during glacial-interglacial climate transitions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 3361–3378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.019, 2009.
Ganssen, G. M. and Kroon, D.: The isotopic signature of planktonic foraminifera from NE Atlantic surface sediments: implications for the reconstruction of past oceanic conditions, J. Geol. Soc., 157, 693–699, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.3.693, 2000.
Govin, A., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Waelbroeck, C., Dewilde, F., and Jansen, E.: Evidence for northward expansion of Antarctic Bottom Water mass in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial inception, Paleoceanography, 24, PA1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001603, 2009.
Gregory, J. M., Stouffer, K. W. D. R. J., Weaver, A. J., Driesschaert, E., Eby, M., Fichefet, T., Hasumi, H., Hu, A., Jungclaus, J. H., Kamenkovich, I. V., Levermann, A., Montoya, M., Murakami, S., Nawrath, S., Oka, A., Sokolov, A. P., and Thorpe, R. B.: A model intercomparison of changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023209, 2005.
Gröger, M., Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U., Schurgers, G., Vizcaíno, M., and Winguth, A.: Changes in the hydrological cycle, ocean circulation, and carbon/nutrient cycling during the last interglacial and glacial transition, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006pa001375, 2007.
Hald, M., Andersson, C., Ebbesen, H., Jansen, E., Klitgaard-Kristensen, D., Risebrobakken, B., Salomonsen, G. R., Sarnthein, M., Sejrup, H. P., and Telford, R. J.: Variations in temperature and extent of Atlantic Water in the northern North Atlantic during the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 3423–3440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.10.005, 2007.
Hodell, D. A., Minth, E. K., Curtis, J. H., McCave, I. N., Hall, I. R., Channell, J. E. T., and Xuan, C.: Surface and deep-water hydrography on Gardar Drift (Iceland Basin) during the last interglacial period, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 288, 10–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.040, 2009.
Hourdin, F., Musat, I., Bony, S., Braconnot, P., Codron, F., Dufresne, J.-L., Fairhead, L., Filiberti, M.-A., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J.-Y., Krinner, G., LeVan, P., Li, Z.-X., and Lott, F.: The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection, Clim. Dynam., 27, 787–813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0158-0, 2006.
Hu, A., Meehl, G. A., Washington, W. M., and Dai, A.: Response of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation to Increased Atmospheric CO2 in a Coupled Model, J. Climate, 17, 4267–4279, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3208.1, 2004.
Huber, C., Leuenberger, M., Spahni, R., Fluckiger, J., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., Johnsen, S., Landais, A., and Jouzel, J.: Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 243, 504–519, 2006.
Jansen, E., Overpeck, J. T., Briffa, K. R., Duplessy, J. C., Joos, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., Olago, D., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W. R., Rahmstorf, S., Ramesh, R., Raynaud, D., Rind, D., Solomina, O., Villalba, R., and Zhang, D.: Palaeoclimate, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Four Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Jennings, A. E., Tedesco, K. A., Andrews, J. T., and Kirby, M. E.: Shelf erosion and glacial ice proximity in the Labrador Sea during and after Heinrich events (H-3 or 4 to H-0) as shown by foraminifera, in: Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the North Atlantic Margins edited by: Andrews, J. T., Austin, W. E. N., Bergsten, H., and Jennings, A. E., 1, Geological Society, London, 29–49, 1996.
Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., Nouet, J., Barnola, J. M., Chappellaz, J., Fischer, H., Gallet, J. C., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., Luethi, D., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Schilt, A., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Spahni, R., Stauffer, B., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, B., Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Werner, M., and Wolff, E. W.: Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years, Science, 317, 793–796, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141038, 2007.
Kandiano, E. S., Bauch, H. A., and Müller, A.: Sea Surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles: comparison of faunal, oxygen isotopic, and Mg/Ca-derived records, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 204, 145–164, 2004.
Kanzow, T., Cunningham, S. A., Johns, W. E., Hirschi, J. J. M., Marotzke, J., Baringer, M. O., Meinen, C. S., Chidichimo, M. P., Atkinson, C., Beal, L. M., Bryden, H. L., and Collins, J.: Seasonal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5° N, J. Climate, 23, 5678–5698, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3389.1, 2010.
Kaspar, F. and Cubasch, U.: 33. Simulations of the Eemian interglacial and the subsequent glacial inception with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model, in: Developments in Quaternary Sciences, edited by: Sirocko, F., Claussen, M., Sánchez Goñi, M. F., and Litt, T., Elsevier, 499–515, 2007.
Keigwin, L. D., Curry, W. B., Lehman, S. J., and Johnsen, S.: The role of the deep ocean in North Atlantic climate change between 70 and 130 kyr ago, Nature, 371, 323–326, 1994.
Kelly, M. J., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Yuan, D., Cai, Y., Zhang, M., Lin, Y., and An, Z.: High resolution characterization of the Asian Monsoon between 146,000 and 99,000 years B.P. from Dongge Cave, China and global correlation of events surrounding Termination II, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 236, 20–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.042, 2006.
Khodri, M., Ramstein, G., Paillard, D., Duplessy, J. C., Kageyama, M., and Ganopolski, A.: Modelling the climate evolution from the last interglacial to the start of the last glaciation: The role of Arctic Ocean freshwater budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017108, 2003.
Koç Karpuz, N., and Jansen, E.: A High-Resolution Diatom Record of the Last Deglaciation from the SE Norwegian Sea: Documentation of Rapid Climatic Changes, Paleoceanography, 7, 499–520, https://doi.org/10.1029/92pa01651, 1992.
Koerner, R. M.: Ice Core Evidence for Extensive Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the Last Interglacial, Science, 244, 964–968, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4907.964, 1989.
Kopp, R. E., Simons, F. J., Mitrovica, J. X., Maloof, A. C., and Oppenheimer, M.: Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage, Nature, 462, 863–867, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08686, 2009.
Krinner, G., Viovy, N., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Ogée, J., Polcher, J., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Sitch, S., and Prentice, I. C.: A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002199, 2005.
Kucera, M., Weinelt, M., Kiefer, T., Pflaumann, U., Hayes, A., Chen, M. T., Mix, A. C., Barrows, T. T., Cortijo, E., Duprat, J., Juggins, S., and Waelbroeck, C.: Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures from assemblages of planktonic foraminifera: multi-technique approach based on geographically constrained calibration data sets and its application to glacial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 951–998, 2005.
Kukla, G., McManus, J. F., Rousseau, D. D., and Chuine, I.: How long and how stable was the last interglacial?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 16, 605–612, 1997.
Kukla, G. J., Bender, M. L., de Beaulieu, J. L., Bond, G. C., Broecker, W., Cleveringa, P., Gavin, J. E., Herbert, T. D., Imbrie, J., Jouzel, J., Keigwin, L. D., Knudsen, K. L., McManus, J. F., Merkt, J., Muhs, D. R., Müller, H., Poore, R. Z., Porter, S. C., Seret, G., Shackleton, N. J., Turner, C., Tzedakis, P. C., and Winograd, I. J.: Last interglacial climates, Quaternary Res., 58, 2–13, 2002.
Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J. C., and Blanc, P. L.: Variations in mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep waters over the past 125,000 years, Nature, 327, 477–482, 1987.
Labeyrie, L., Leclaire, H., Waelbroeck, C., Cortijo, E., Duplessy, J. C., Vidal, L., Elliot, M., and Le Coat, B.: Temporal variability of the surface and deep waters of the North West Atlantic Ocean at orbital and millenial scales, Geophys. Monogr., 112, 77–98, 1999.
Labeyrie, L., Waelbroeck, C., Cortijo, E., Michel, E., and Duplessy, J. C.: Changes in deep water hydrology during the last deglaciation, C. R. Geosci., 337, 919–927, 2005.
Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Funder, S., Kjær, K. H., Larsen, E., and Moller, P. E. R.: Constraints on the Late Saalian to early Middle Weichselian ice sheet of Eurasia from field data and rebound modelling, Boreas, 35, 539–575, https://doi.org/10.1080/03009480600781875, 2006.
Loulergue, L., Parrenin, F., Blunier, T., Barnola, J.-M., Spahni, R., Schilt, A., Raisbeck, G., and Chappellaz, J.: New constraints on the gas age-ice age difference along the EPICA ice cores, 0–50 kyr, Clim. Past, 3, 527–540, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-527-2007, 2007.
Loulergue, L., Schilt, A., Spahni, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T., Lemieux, B., Barnola, J. M., Raynaud, D., Stocker, T. F., and Chappellaz, J.: Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH4 over the past 800,000 years, Nature, 453, 383–386, 2008.
Madec, G., Delecluse, P., Imbard, M., and Levy, C.: OPA 8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manual, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL)– Note du Pôle de modélisation 11, 91 pp., 1998.
Malaizé, B. and Caley, T.: Sea surface salinity reconstruction as seen with foraminifera shells: Methods and cases studies, Eur. Phys. J. Conf. 1, 177–188, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjconf/e2009-00919-6, 2009.
MARGO Project Members: Constraints on the magnitude and patterns of ocean cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature Geoscience, 2, 127–132, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo411, 2009.
Marti, O., Braconnot, P., Dufresne, J. L., Bellier, J., Benshila, R., Bony, S., Brockmann, P., Cadule, P., Caubel, A., Codron, F., de Noblet, N., Denvil, S., Fairhead, L., Fichefet, T., Foujols, M. A., Friedlingstein, P., Goosse, H., Grandpeix, J. Y., Guilyardi, E., Hourdin, F., Idelkadi, A., Kageyama, M., Krinner, G., Lévy, C., Madec, G., Mignot, J., Musat, I., Swingedouw, D., and Talandier, C.: Key features of the IPSL ocean atmosphere model and its sensitivity to atmospheric resolution, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0640-6, 2010.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Stenni, B., Blunier, T., Cattani, O., Chappellaz, J., Cheng, H., Dreyfus, G., Edwards, R. L., Falourd, S., Govin, A., Kawamura, K., Johnsen, S. J., Jouzel, J., Landais, A., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Lourantou, A., Marshall, G., Minster, B., Mudelsee, M., Pol, K., Röthlisberger, R., Selmo, E., and Waelbroeck, C.: Abrupt change of Antarctic moisture origin at the end of Termination II, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 12091–12094, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914536107, 2010.
McManus, J. F., Oppo, D. W., and Cullen, J.: A 0.5-million-year record of millenial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic, Science, 283, 971–975, 1999.
Meehl, G., Stocker, T. F., Collins, W. D., Friedlingstein, P., Gaye, A. T., Gregory, J. M., Kitoh, A., Knutti, R., Murphy, J. M., Noda, A., Raper, S. C. B., Watterson, I. G., Weaver, A. J., and Zhao, Z.-C.: Global Climate Projections, in: Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Meland, M. Y., Jansen, E., and Elderfield, H.: Constraints on SST estimates for the northern North Atlantic/Nordic Seas during the LGM, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 835–852, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.011, 2005.
Miller, G. H., Brigham-Grette, J., Alley, R. B., Anderson, L., Bauch, H. A., Douglas, M. S. V., Edwards, M. E., Elias, S. A., Finney, B. P., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Funder, S. V., Herbert, T. D., Hinzman, L. D., Kaufman, D. S., MacDonald, G. M., Polyak, L., Robock, A., Serreze, M. C., Smol, J. P., Spielhagen, R., White, J. W. C., Wolfe, A. P., and Wolff, E. W.: Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1679–1715, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.001, 2010.
North Greenland Ice Core Project members: High-resolution climate record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004.
Oppo, D. W., Horowitz, M., and Lehman, S. J.: Marine core evidence for reduced deep water production during Termination II followed by a relatively stable substage 5e (Eemian), Paleoceanography, 12, 51–63, 1997.
Oppo, D. W., Keigwin, L. D., McManus, J. F., and Cullen, J. L.: Persistent suborbital climate variability in marine isotope stage 5 and Termination II, Paleoceanography, 16, 280–292, 2001.
Oppo, D. W., McManus, J. F., and Cullen, J.: Evolution and demise of the last interglacial warmth in the subpolar North Atlantic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3268–3277, 2006.
Ostlund, H. G. and Grall, C.: Arctic tritium: 1973–1991, Data Report 19, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 1993.
Ostlund, H. G., Craig, H., Broecker, W. S., and Spenser, D.: GEOSECS Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean expeditions: Shorebased data and graphics, Nat. Sci. Found., Washington, DC, 7, 1987.
Ottens, J. J.: Planktic foraminifera as indicators of ocean environments in the northeast Atlantic, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 189 pp., 1992.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Marshall, S. J., Overpeck, J. T., Miller, G. H., Hu, A., and members, C. L. I. P.: Simulating arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the Last Interglacial, Science, 311, 1751–1753, 2006.
Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., and Yiou, P.: Macintosh program performs time-series analyses, Eos Trans. AGU, 77, 379, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00259, 1996.
Parrenin, F., Barnola, J.-M., Beer, J., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Chappellaz, J., Dreyfus, G., Fischer, H., Fujita, S., Jouzel, J., Kawamura, K., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Loulergue, L., Masson-Delmotte, V., Narcisi, B., Petit, J.-R., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Ruth, U., Schwander, J., Severi, M., Spahni, R., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A., Udisti, R., Waelbroeck, C., and Wolff, E.: The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice core, Clim. Past, 3, 485–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-485-2007, 2007.
Rasmussen, T. L., Balbon, E., Thomsen, E., Labeyrie, L., and Van Weering, T. C. E.: Climate records and changes in deep outflow from the Norwegian Sea <150–55 ka, Terra Nova, 11, 61–66, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.1999.00226.x, 1999.
Rasmussen, T. L., Oppo, D. W., Thomsen, E., and Lehman, S. J.: Deep sea records from the southeast Labrador Sea: ocean circulation changes and ice-rafting events during the last 160,000 years, Paleoceanography, 18, 1018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001PA000736, 2003a.
Rasmussen, T. L., Thomsen, E., Kuijpers, A., and Wastegård, S.: Late warming and early cooling of the sea surface in the Nordic seas during MIS 5e (Eemian Interglacial), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 809–821, 2003b.
Ridley, J. K., Huybrechts, P., Gregory, J. M., and Lowe, J. A.: Elimination of the Greenland Ice Sheet in a High CO2 Climate, J. Climate, 18, 3409–3427, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3482.1, 2005.
Risebrobakken, B., Dokken, T., and Jansen, E.: Extent and variability of the Meridional Atlantic Circulation in the Eastern Nordic Seas during Marine Isotope Stage 5 and its influence on the inception of the last Glacial, in: The Nordic Seas: an integrated perspective, edited by: Drange, H., Dokken, T., Furevik, T., Gerdes, R., and Berger, W. H., AGU Geophysical Monograph, 323–339, 2005.
Risebrobakken, B., Balbon, E., Dokken, T., Jansen, E., Kissel, C., Labeyrie, L., Richter, T., and Senneset, L.: The penultimate deglaciation: high-resolution paleoceanographic evidence from a north-south transect along the eastern Nordic Seas, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 241, 505–516, 2006.
Risebrobakken, B., Dokken, T., Smedsrud, L. H., Andersson, C., Jansen, E., Moros, M., and Ivanova, E. V.: Early Holocene temperature variability in the Nordic Seas: The role of oceanic heat advection versus changes in orbital forcing, Paleoceanography, 26, PA4206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011pa002117, 2011.
Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., Hemleben, C., Siddall, M., Hoogakker, B. A. A., Bolshaw, M., and Kucera, M.: High rates of sea-level rise during the last interglacial period, Nat. Geosci., 1, 38–42, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo.2007.28, 2008.
Ruddiman, W. F., Molfino, B., Esmay, A., and Pokras, E.: Evidence bearing on the mechanism of rapid deglaciation, Climatic Change, 3, 65–87, 1980.
Ruth, U., Barnola, J.-M., Beer, J., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Huybrechts, P., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, S., Lambrecht, A., Morganti, A., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Udisti, R., Wilhelms, F., and Wolff, E.: "EDML1": a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years, Clim. Past, 3, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007, 2007.
Saenko, O. A., Weaver, A. J., Robitaille, D. Y., and Flato, G. M.: Warming of the subpolar Atlantic triggered by freshwater discharge at the continental boundary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 15604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030674, 2007.
Sarnthein, M. and Tiedemann, R.: Younger Dryas-Style Cooling Events at Glacial Terminations I–VI at ODP Site 658: Associated benthic δ13C anomalies constrain meltwater hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 5, 1041–1055, 1990.
Schiebel, R., Bijma, J., and Hemleben, C.: Population dynamics of the planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides from the eastern North Atlantic, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 44, 1701–1713, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00036-8, 1997.
Schmidt, G. A., Bigg, G. R., and Rohling, E. J.: Global Seawater Oxygen-18 Database – v1.21, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/o18data/, 1999.
Schmittner, A., Latif, M., and Schneider, B.: Model projections of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century assessed by observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23710, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024368, 2005.
Schneider, B., Latif, M., and Schmittner, A.: Evaluation of Different Methods to Assess Model Projections of the Future Evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, J. Climate, 20, 2121–2132, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4128.1, 2007.
Severinghaus, J. P. and Brook, E. J.: Abrupt Climate Change at the End of the Last Glacial Period Inferred from Trapped Air in Polar Ice, Science, 286, 930–934, 1999.
Shackleton, N. J.: The last interglacial in the marine and terrestrial records, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 174, 135–154, 1969.
Shackleton, N. J.: Attainment of isotopic equilibrium between ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera genus Uvigerina: isotopic changes in the ocean during the last glacial, Colloques internationaux du CNRS, 219, 1974.
Shackleton, N. J., Hall, M. A., and Vincent, E.: Phase relationships between millenial-scale events 64,000–24,000 years ago, Paleoceanography, 15, 565–569, 2000.
Shackleton, N. J., Chapman, M. R., Sanchez-Goni, M. F., Pailler, D., and Lancelot, Y.: The classic Marine Isotope Substage 5e, Quaternary Res., 58, 14–16, 2002.
Siddall, M., Rohling, E. J., Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., Schmelzer, I., and Smeed, D. A.: Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle, Nature, 423, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01690, 2003.
Skinner, L. C. and Shackleton, N. J.: An Atlantic lead over Pacific deep-water change across Termination I: implications for the application of the marine isotope stage stratigraphy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 571–580, 2005.
Skinner, L. C., Fallon, S., Waelbroeck, C., Michel, E., and Barker, S.: Ventilation of the Deep Southern Ocean and Deglacial CO2 Rise, Science, 328, 1147–1151, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183627, 2010.
Smith, D. E., Harrison, S., Firth, C. R., and Jordan, J. T.: The early Holocene sea level rise, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1846–1860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.019, 2011.
Stenni, B., Buiron, D., Frezzotti, M., Albani, S., Barbante, C., Bard, E., Barnola, J. M., Baroni, M., Baumgartner, M., Bonazza, M., Capron, E., Castellano, E., Chappellaz, J., Delmonte, B., Falourd, S., Genoni, L., Iacumin, P., Jouzel, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Landais, A., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Maggi, V., Masson-Delmotte, V., Mazzola, C., Minster, B., Montagnat, M., Mulvaney, R., Narcisi, B., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Petit, J. R., Ritz, C., Scarchilli, C., Schilt, A., Schupbach, S., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Severi, M., Stocker, T. F., and Udisti, R.: Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation, Nat. Geosci., 4, 46–49, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1026, 2011.
Stephens, C., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Conkright, M. E., Locarnini, R. A., O'Brien, T. D., and Garcia, H. E.: World Ocean Atlas 2001, Volume 1: Temperature, in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 49, edited by: Levitus, S., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 167, 2002.
Stouffer, R. J., Yin, J., Gregory, J. M., Dixon, K. W., Spelman, M. J., Hurlin, W., Weaver, A. J., Eby, M., Flato, G. M., and Hasumi, H.: Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes, J. Climate, 19, 1365–1387, 2006.
Svendsen, J. I., Alexanderson, H., Astakhov, V. I., Demidov, I., Dowdeswell, J. A., Funder, S., Gataullin, V., Henriksen, M., Hjort, C., Houmark-Nielsen, M., Hubberten, H. W., Ingolfsson, O., Jakobsson, M., Kjær, K. H., Larsen, E., Lokrantz, H., Lunkka, J. P., Lysaa, A., Mangerud, J., Matiouchkov, A., Murray, A., Möller, P., Niessen, F., Nikolskaya, O., Polyak, L., Saarnisto, M., Siegert, C., Siegert, M. J., Spielhagen, R. F., and Stein, R.: Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 1229–1271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.12.008, 2004.
Swingedouw, D., Braconnot, P., Delecluse, P., Guilyardi, E., and Marti, O.: The impact of global freshwater forcing on the thermohaline circulation: adjustment of North Atlantic convection sites in a CGCM, Clim. Dynam., 28, 291–305, 2007a.
Swingedouw, D., Braconnot, P., Delecluse, P., Guilyardi, E., and Marti, O.: Quantifying the AMOC feedbacks during a 2 × CO2 stabilization experiment with land-ice melting, Clim. Dynam., 29, 521–534, 2007b.
Swingedouw, D., Mignot, J., Braconnot, P., Mosquet, E., Kageyama, M., and Alkama, R.: Impact of Freshwater Release in the North Atlantic under Different Climate Conditions in an OAGCM, J. Climate, 22, 6377–6403, 2009.
Thompson, W. G. and Goldstein, S. L.: A radiometric calibration of the SPECMAP timescale, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3207–3215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.007, 2006.
Van Nieuwenhove, N. and Bauch, H. A.: Last interglacial (MIS 5e) surface water conditions at the Vøring Plateau (Norwegian Sea), based on dinoflagellate cysts, Polar Res., 27, 175–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00062.x, 2008.
Van Nieuwenhove, N., Bauch, H. A., Eynaud, F., Kandiano, E., Cortijo, E., and Turon, J.-L.: Evidence for delayed poleward expansion of North Atlantic surface waters during the last interglacial (MIS 5e), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 934–946, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.013, 2011.
Waelbroeck, C., Duplessy, J. C., Michel, E., Labeyrie, L., Paillard, D., and Duprat, J.: The timing of the last deglaciation in North Atlantic climate records, Nature, 412, 724–727, 2001.
Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Duplessy, J. C., McManus, J. F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E., and Labracherie, M.: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 295–305, 2002.
Waelbroeck, C., Levi, C., Duplessy, J. C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Cortijo, E., Bassinot, F., and Guichard, F.: Distant origin of circulation changes in the Indian Ocean during the last deglaciation, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 243, 244–251, 2006.
Waelbroeck, C., Frank, N., Jouzel, J., Parrenin, F., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Genty, D.: Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice core records, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 265, 183–194, 2008.
Waelbroeck, C., Skinner, L. C., Labeyrie, L., Duplessy, J. C., Michel, E., Vazquez Riveiros, N., Gherardi, J. M., and Dewilde, F.: The timing of deglacial circulation changes in the Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3213, 10.1029/2010pa002007, 2011.
Wastegaard, S. and Rasmussen, T. L.: New tephra horizons from Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 in the North Atlantic: correlation potential for terrestrial, marine and ice-core archives, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1587–1593, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00055-5, 2001.
Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Schneider, R. R., and Andersen, N.: 155,000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution, Science, 316, 1303–1307, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1140461, 2007.
Willerslev, E., Cappellini, E., Boomsma, W., Nielsen, R., Hebsgaard, M. B., Brand, T. B., Hofreiter, M., Bunce, M., Poinar, H. N., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S., Steffensen, J. P., Bennike, O., Schwenninger, J.-L., Nathan, R., Armitage, S., de Hoog, C.-J., Alfimov, V., Christl, M., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Barker, J., Sharp, M., Penkman, K. E. H., Haile, J., Taberlet, P., Gilbert, M. T. P., Casoli, A., Campani, E., and Collins, M. J.: Ancient Biomolecules from Deep Ice Cores Reveal a Forested Southern Greenland, Science, 317, 111–114, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141758, 2007.
