Barker, S., Diz, P., Vautravers, M. J., Knorr, J. P. G., Hall, I. R., and Broecker, W. S.: Interhemispheric Atlantic seesaw response during the last deglaciation, Nature, 457, 1097–1102, 2009.
Betancourt, J. L., Latorre, C., Rech, J. A., Quade, J., and Rylander, K. A.: A 22,000-Year Record of Monsoonal Precipitation from Northern Chile's Atacama Desert, Science, 289, 1542–1546, 2000.
Bonan, G. B.: The NCAR land surface model (LSM version 1.0) coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model, Tech. rep., 1996.
Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and Bonani, G.: Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice, Nature, 365, 143–147, 1993.
Boyle, E. A. and Keigwin, L. D.: North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20 000 ears linked to high latitude surface temperature, Nature, 330, 35–40, 1987.
Broecker, W. S.: Thermohaline Circulation, the Achilles Heel of Our Climate System: Will Man-Made CO
2 Upset the Current Balance?, Science, 278, 1582–1588, 1997.
Bryan, F.: High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations, Nature, 323, 301–304, 1986.
Bush, M. B., Piperno, D. R., Colinvaux, P. A., Oliveira, P. E. D., Krissek, L. A., Miller, M. C., and Rowe, W. E.: A 14 300-Yr Paleoecological Profile of a Lowland Tropical Lake in Panama, Ecol. Monogr., 62, 251–275, 1992.
Bush, M. B., Hansen, B. C. S., Rodbell, D. T., Seltzer, G. O., Young, K. R., Le{ó}n, B., Abbott, M. B., Silman, M. R., and Gosling, W. D.: A 17 000-year history of Andean climate and vegetation change from Laguna de Chochos, Peru, J. Quaternary Sci., 20, 703–714, 2005.
Chiang, J. C. H.: The Tropics in Paleoclimate, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 37, 263–297, 2009.
Clark, P. U., Pisias, N. G., Stocker, T. F., and Weaver, A. J.: The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change, Nature, 415, 863–869, 2002.
Clement, A. C. and Peterson, L. C.: Mechanisms of abrupt climate change of the last glacial period, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG4002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RG000204, 2008.
Cruz, F. W., Burns, S. J., Karmann, I., Sharp, W. D., Vuille, M., Cardoso, A. O., Ferrari, J. A., Silva Dias, P. L., and Viana, O.: Insolation-driven changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 116 000 years in subtropical Brazil, Nature, 434, 63–65, 2005.
Cruz, F. W., Vuille, M., Burns, S. J., Wang, X., Cheng, H., Werner, M., Edwards, R. L., Karmann, I., Auler, A. S., and Nguyen, H.: Orbitally driven east-west antiphasing of South American precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 2, 210–214, 2009.
Dansgaard, W., Johnson, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Hammer, C. H., and Oeschger, H.: North Atlantic oscillations revealed by deep Greenland ice cores, Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monogr., 29, 288–298, 1984.
Ding, Z. L., Ren, J. Z., Yang, S. L., and Liu, T. S.: Climate instability during the penultimate glaciation: evidence from two high-resolution loess records, China, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 20123–20132, 1999.
Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., Fung, I., and John, J.: Natural Variability in a Stable, 1000-Yr Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Cycle Simulation, J. Climate, 19, 3033–3054, 2006.
Duplessy, J. C., Shackleton, N. J., Fairbanks, R. G., Labeyrie, L., and Oppo, D. W.: Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, 3, 343–360, 1988.
Dupont, L. M., Schlutz, F., Ewah, C. T., Jennerjahn, T. C., Paul, A., and Behling, H.: Two-step vegetation response to enhanced precipitation in Northeast Brazil during Heinrich event 1, Global Change Biol., 16, 1647–1660, 2010.
Eicher, U., Siegenthaler, U., and Wegmueller, S.: Pollen and isotope analysis on late and post-glacial sediments of the Tourbiere de Chirens (Dauphine, France), Quaternary Res., 15, 160–170, 1981.
EPICA Community Members: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica, Nature, 444, 195–198, 2006.
Friedlingstein, P., Joel, G., Field, C. B., and Fung, I. Y.: Toward an allocation scheme for global terrestrial carbon models, GlobAL Change Biol., 5, 755–770, 1999.
Fr{ö}licher, T. L. and Joos, F.: Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas emissions in multi-century projections with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model, Clim. Dynam., 1–21, 2010.
Fr{ö}licher, T. L., Joos, F., Plattner, G.-K., Steinacher, M., and Doney, S. C.: Natural variability and anthropogenic trends in oceanic oxygen in a coupled carbon cycle-climate model ensemble, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003316, 2009.
Fung, I., Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., and John, J.: Evolution of carbon sinks in a changing climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 11201–11206, 2005.
Gent, P. R., Bryan, F. O., Danabasoglu, G., Doney, S. C., Holland, W. R., Large, W. G., and McWilliams, J. C.: The NCAR Climate System Model Global Ocean Component, J. Climate, 11, 1287–1306, 1998.
Haug, G. H., Hughen, K. A., Sigman, D. M., Peterson, L. C., and Rohl, U.: Southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone through Holocene, Science, 293, 1304–1308, 2001.
Heinrich, H.: Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic ocean during the past 130 000 years, Quaternary Res., 29, 142–152, 1988.
Hemming, R. S.: Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint, Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000128, 2004.
Huber, C., Leuenberger, M., Spahni, R., Fluckiger, J., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., Johnsen, S., Landals, A., and Jouzel, J.: Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 243, 504–519, 2006.
Hughen, K. A., Southon, J. R., Lehman, S. J., and Overpeck, J. T.: Synchronous radiocarbon and climate shifts during the last deglaciation, Science, 290, 1951–1954, 2000.
Hughen, K. A., Eglinton, T. I., Xu, L., and Makou, M.: Abrupt tropical vegetation response to rapid climate changes, Science, 304, 1955–1959, 2004.
Inderm{ü}hle, A., Monnin, E., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., and Wahlen, M.: Atmospheric CO
2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 735–738, 2000.
Jennerjahn, T. C., Ittekkot, V., Arz, H. W., Behling, H., Patzold, J., and Wefer, G.: Asynchronous Terrestrial and Marine Signals of Climate Change During Heinrich Events, Science, 306, 2236–2239, 2004.
Joos, F., Plattner, G.-K., Stocker, T. F., Marchal, O., and Schmittner, A.: Global warming and marine carbon cycle feedbacks on future atmospheric CO
2, Science, 284, 464–467, 1999.
Kiehl, J. T., Hack, J. J., Bonan, G. B., Boville, B. A., Williamson, D. L., and Rasch, P. J.: The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3, J. Climate, 11, 1131–1149, 1998.
Knutti, R., Flueckiger, J., Stocker, T. F., and Timmermann, A.: Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation, Nature, 430, 851–856, 2004.
K{ö}hler, P., Joos, F., Gerber, S., and Knutti, R.: Simulated changes in vegetation distribution, land carbon storage, and atmospheric
CO2 in response to a collapse of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, Clim. Dynam., 25, 689–708, 2005.
Ledru, M.-P., Mourguiart, P., Ceccantini, G., Turcq, B., and Sifeddine, A.: Tropical climates in the game of two hemispheres revealed by abrupt Climatic Change, Geology, 30, 275–278, 2002.
Leduc, G., Vidal, L., Tachikawa, K., and Bard, E.: ITCZ rather than ENSO signature for abrupt climate changes across the tropical Pacific?, Quaternary Res., 72, 123–131, 2009.
Levermann, A., Griesel, A., Hofmann, M., Montoya, M., and Rahmstorf, S.: Dynamic sea level changes following changes in the thermohaline circulation, Clim. Dynam., 24, 347–354, 2005.
Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., He, F., Brady, E. C., Tomas, R., Clark, P. U., Carlson, A. E., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W., Brook, E., Erickson, D., Jacob, R., Kutzbach, J., and Cheng, J.: Transient Simulation of Last Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bølling-Allerød Warming, Science, 325, 310–314, 2009.
Marchal, O., Stocker, T. F., Joos, F., Inderm{ü}hle, A., Blunier, T., and Tschumi, J.: Modeling the concentration of atmospheric CO
2 during the Younger Dryas climate event, Clim. Dynam., 15, 341–354, 1999.
Martin, L., Bertaux, J., Corrège, T., Ledru, M.-P., Mourguiart, P., Sifeddine, A., Soubiès, F., Wirrmann, D., Suguio, K., and Turcq, B.: Astronomical Forcing of Contrasting Rainfall Changes in Tropical South America between 12,400 and 8800 cal yr B.P., Quaternary Res., 47, 117–122, 1997.
Maslin, M. A. and Burns, S. J.: Reconstruction of the Amazon Basin effective moisture availability over the past 14 000 years, Science, 290, 2285–2287, 2000.
Massaferro, J., Moreno, P., Denton, G., Vandergoes, M., and Dieffenbacher-Krall, A.: Chironomid and pollen evidence for climate fluctuations during the Last Glacial Termination in NW Patagonia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 517–525, 2009.
Meehl, G. A., Stocker, T. F., Collins, W. D., Friedlingstein, P., Gaye, A. T., Gregory, J. M., Kitoh, A., Knutti, R., Murphy, J. M., Noda, A., Raper, S. C. B., Watterson, I. G., Weaver, A. J., and Zhao, Z.-C.: Global Climate Projections, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Mouchet, A., and Timm, O.: Meridional reorganizations of marine and terrestrial productivity during Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 23, PA1203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001445, 2008.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Timm, O., and Mouchet, A.:{Climate and biogeochemical response to a rapid melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during interglacials and implications for future climate}, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4231, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001892, 2010.
Menviel, L., Timmermann, A., Timm, O., and Mouchet, A.:{Deconstructing the last Glacial Termination: the role of millennial and orbital-scale forcings}, Quaternary Sci. Rev., JQSR2995, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.005, in press, 2011.
Mikolajewicz, U.: A meltwater-induced collapse of the "conveyor belt" thermohaline circulation and its influence on the distribution of $\Delta^{14}C$ and $\delta^{18}O$ in the oceans, vol. 189 of Technical Report, Tech. rep., Hamburg, Germany, 1996.
Mikolajewicz, U., Crowley, J. C., Schiller, J. C., and Voss, R.: Modeling teleconnections between the North Atlantic and North Pacific during the Younger Dryas, Nature, 387, 384–387, 1997.
Monnin, E., Indermuehle, A., Daellenbach, A., Flueckiger, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D., and Barnola, J.-M.: Atmospheric CO
2 Concentrations over the Last Glacial Termination, Science, 291, 112–114, 2001.
Moreno, P. I.: Climate, Fire, and Vegetation between About 13,000 and 9200 $^{14}C$ yr B.P. in the Chilean Lake District, Quaternary Res., 54, 81–89, 2000.
Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Wagner, G., and Finkel, R. C.: Changes in deep-water formation during the Younger Dryas event inferred from
10Be and
14C records, Nature, 408, 567–570, 2000.
NorthGRIP Members: High-resolution climate record of the Northern Hemisphere back into the last glacial interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004.
Obata, A.: Climate-Carbon Cycle Model Response to Freshwater Discharge into the North Atlantic, J. Climate, 20, 5962–5976, 2007.
Oeschger, H., Beer, J., Siegenthaler, U., and Stauffer, B.: Late glacial climate history from ice cores, in: Geophysical Monograph, edited by: Hansen, J. E. and Takahashi, T., American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 29, 299–306, 1984.
Okazaki, Y., Timmermann, A., Menviel, L., Harada, N., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chikamoto, M., Mouchet, A., and Asahi, H.: Deep water formation in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial termination, Science, 329, 200–204, 2010.
Okumura, Y. M., Deser, C., Hu, A., Timmermann, A., and Xie, S.-P.: North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the Subarctic North Atlantic: Oceanic and Atmospheric Pathways, J. Climate, 22, 1424–1445, 2009.
Porter, S. C.: Chinese loess record of monsoon climate during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, Earth Sci. Rev., 54, 115–128, 2001.
Prokopenko, A. A., Williams, D. F., Karabanov, E. B., and Khursevich, G. K.: Continental response to Heinrich events and Bond cycles in sedimentary record of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Global Planet. Change, 28, 217–226, 2001.
Rahmstorf, S.: Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120 000 years, Nature, 419, 207–214, 2002.
Randerson, J., Thompson, M., Conway, T., Fung, I., and Field, C.: The Contribution of Terrestrial Sources and Sinks to Trends in the Seasonal Cycle of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 535–560, 1997.
Rein, B., L{ü}ckge, A., Reinhardt, L., Sirocko, F., Wolf, A., and Dullo, W.-C.: El Niño variability off Peru during the last 20 000 years, Paleoceanography, 20, PA4003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001099, 2005.
Rousseau, D. D., Antoine, P., Hatte, C., Lang, A., Zoller, L., Fontugne, M., Othman, D. B., Luck, J. M., Moine, O., Labonne, M., Bentaleb, I., and Jolly, D.: Abrupt millennial Climatic Changes from Nussloch (Germany) upper Weichselian eolian records during the last glaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1577–1582, 2002.
Schmittner, A.: Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation, Nature, 434, 628–633, 2005.
Sellers, P., Randall, D., Collatz, G., Berry, J., Field, C., Dazlich, D., Zhang, C., Collelo, G., and Bounoua, L.: A Revised Land Surface Parametrization (SiB
2) for Atmospheric GCMS, Part I: Model Formulation, J. Climate, 9, 676–705, 1996.
Servant, M., Maley, J., Turcq, B., Absy, M.-L., Brenac, P., Fournier, M., and Ledru, M.-P.: Tropical forest changes during the Late Quaternary in African and South American lowlands, Global Planet. Change, 7, 25–40, 1999.
Smith, H. J., Fischer, H., Wahlen, M., Mastroianni, D., and Deck, B.: Dual modes of the carbon cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature, 400, 248–250, 1999.
Stauffer, B., Blunier, T., Dallenbach, A., Inderm{ü}hle, A., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., Tschumi, J., Chappellaz, J., Raynaud, D., Hammer, C. U., and Clausen, H. B.: Atmospheric CO
2 concentration and millennial-scale climate change during the last glacial period, Nature, 392, 59–62, 1998.
Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frölicher, T. L., Plattner, G.-K., and Doney, S. C.: Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model, Biogeosciences, 6, 515–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-515-2009, 2009.
Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frölicher, T. L., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Cocco, V., Doney, S. C., Gehlen, M., Lindsay, K., Moore, J. K., Schneider, B., and Segschneider, J.: Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis, Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010, 2010.
Stocker, T. F.: Past and future reorganizations in the climate system, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 301–319, 2000.
Stocker, T. F., Timmermann, A., Renold, M., and Timm, O.: Effects of Salt Compensation on the Climate Model Response in Simulations of Large Changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, J. Climate, 20, 5912–5928, 2007.
Stouffer, R. J., Yin, J., Gregory, J. M., Dixon, K. W., Spelman, M. J., Hurlin, W., Weaver, A. J., Eby, M., Flato, G. M., and Hasumi, H.: Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes, J. Climate, 19, 1365–1387, 2006.
Timmermann, A., Gildor, H., Schulz, M., and Tziperman, E.: Coherent Resonant Millennial-Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Massive Meltwater Pulses, J. Climate, 16, 2569–2585, 2003.
Timmermann, A., An, S. I., Krebs, U., and Goosse, H.: ENSO Suppression due to Weakening of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation, J. Climate, 18, 3122–3139, 2005.
Timmermann, A., Okumura, Y., An, S. I., Clement, A., Dong, B., Guilyardi, E., Hu, A., Jungclaus, J. H., Renold, M., Stocker, T. F., Stouffer, R. J., Sutton, R., Xie, S. P., and Yin, J.: The influence of a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on ENSO, J. Climate, 20, 4899–4919, 2007.
Vellinga, M. and Wood, R. A.: Global Climatic Impacts of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation, Climatic Change, 54, 251–267, 2002.
Voelker, A. H. L.: Global distribution of centennial-scale records for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)3: a database, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1185–1212, 2002.
Wang, X., Auler, A. S., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Cristalli, P. S., Smart, P. L., Richards, D. A., and Shen, C.: Wet periods in northeastern Brazil over the past 210 kyr linked to distant climate anomalies, Nature, 432, 740–743, 2004.
Wang, X., Auler, A. S., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Ito, E., Wang, Y., Kong, X., and Solheid, M.: Millennial-scale precipitation changes in southern Brazil over the past 90 000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031149, 2007.
Yu, Z. and Eicher, U.: Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in Central North America, Science, 282, 2235–2238, 1998.
Zhang, R. and Delworth, T. L.: Simulated Tropical Response to a Substantial Weakening of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation, J. Climate, 18, 1853–1860, 2005.
