Articles | Volume 22, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1729-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1729-2026
Research article
 | 
25 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 25 Sep 2026

Middle to late Holocene cooling and increased zonal asymmetry in the mid-latitude North Atlantic

Weimin Si, Timothy Herbert, and John R. Toggweiler

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Short summary
Transient climate models simulate warming over the past 5000 years due to a 20 ppm CO2 rise, yet paleo-proxies indicate cooling. In this study, we examine the mid-latitude North Atlantic, where model-data mismatch is largest. Our analysis links Late Holocene cooling to increased zonal SST (Sea Surface Temperature) asymmetry, likely from basin-scale reorganization of inter-gyre circulation. Transient models, however, do not to capture this spatial pattern and associated circulation changes.
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