Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1481-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1481-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
Research article
 | 
06 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 06 Aug 2026

Permian-Triassic redox shift and its ferruginous aftermath in epicontinental seas

Fen Yang, Sen Li, Stephen E. Grasby, David P. G. Bond, Ming Pan, and Yadong Sun

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Short summary
The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe loss of life in Earth history, yet the role of ocean oxygen restriction remains debated. We examined rock records from South China and western Canada to track redox conditions before and after the crisis. Oxygen levels were already low prior to the extinction, and widespread seafloor anoxia developed at its peak. Afterwards, ferruginous conditions dominated, reducing nutrient availability, limiting productivity, and slowing life’s recovery.
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