Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 22, issue 6
Articles | Volume 22, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 6
Research article
 | 
05 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 05 Jun 2026

Unravelling the tree cover dynamics over the last 20 000 years on the Northern Hemisphere

Anne Dallmeyer, Nils Weitzel, Laura Schild, Ulrike Herzschuh, Thomas Kleinen, and Martin Claussen

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Short summary
We compare pollen-based reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere tree cover over the last 20 000 years with simulations from the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The model captures broad forest trends but misses key regional patterns and the mid-Holocene forest peak. Testing climate drivers reveals mismatches in how temperature, water, and CO2 control forests, pointing to structural limits and the need for improved vegetation processes in models.
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Understanding past climate variability to enhance future climate-change...