Articles | Volume 20, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Aug 2024
Research article |
| 15 Aug 2024
| 15 Aug 2024
50-year seasonal variability in East African droughts and floods recorded in central Afar lake sediments (Ethiopia) and their connections with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Carlo Mologni
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Valbonne, France
Marie Revel
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Valbonne, France
Eric Chaumillon
University of La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle, France
Emmanuel Malet
Environnement Dynamique et Territoire de Montagne (EDYTEM), CNRS, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-lac, France
Thibault Coulombier
University of La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle, France
Pierre Sabatier
Environnement Dynamique et Territoire de Montagne (EDYTEM), CNRS, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-lac, France
Pierre Brigode
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Valbonne, France
Gwenael Hervé
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Anne-Lise Develle
Environnement Dynamique et Territoire de Montagne (EDYTEM), CNRS, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-lac, France
Laure Schenini
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Valbonne, France
Medhi Messous
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Valbonne, France
Gourguen Davtian
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM – UMR 7264, 24 Av. des Diables Bleus, Nice, France
Alain Carré
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM – UMR 7264, 24 Av. des Diables Bleus, Nice, France
Delphine Bosch
Géosciences Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5243, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Natacha Volto
University of La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle, France
Clément Ménard
EPCC, Centre Européen de Préhistoire, Avenue Léon-Jean Grégory, Tautavel, France
Lamya Khalidi
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM – UMR 7264, 24 Av. des Diables Bleus, Nice, France
Fabien Arnaud
Environnement Dynamique et Territoire de Montagne (EDYTEM), CNRS, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-lac, France
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3019, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geochronology (GChron).
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Long-lived isotopes (239Pu and 240Pu), primarily produced during past nuclear weapon testing (1945-1974), are present globally in trace amounts on terrestrial surfaces. By analysing South American lake sediments, we identified three testing periods using the 240Pu/239Pu ratio analysis and observed discrepancies in the distribution of 137Cs and 239+240Pu activity concentration. This will improve the temporal precision of environmental reconstructions from the last century.
Matan Ben-Asher, Antoine Chabas, Jean-Yves Josnin, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Amaël Poulain, Yves Perrette, and Florence Magnin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 30, 1735–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1735-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1735-2026, 2026
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We studied how water moves through fractured rock walls in a high mountain area in the Alps. Using sensors and tracers over two years, in a high-altitude site, we tracked where the water came from and when it flowed. Most of it came from melting snow, but some came from rain and older ice. The results show that heat and water flow can speed up the melting of frozen ground, which may affect mountain stability. This helps us understand how climate change influences these fragile environments.
Vincent Guarinos, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Marta Garcia, Giuseppe Siani, Marie Revel, Hartmut Schulz, Francisco J. Sierro, and Thomas B. Chalk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-622, 2026
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Direct observations indicate a decline in ocean oxygen concentration. The complexity of surface oxygen variability is linked to physical and biochemical parameters. To investigate past oxygen variability, foraminiferal I/Ca proxy must be calibrated. Here, we determine the drivers of the proxy using a database of modern samples. From our results, oxygen is the principal driver of the I/Ca proxy. We highlight its complex behaviour, while reinforcing its use for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.
Camille Pery, Pierre Polsenaere, Eric Lamaud, Natacha Volto, Nathalie Long, Jonathan Deborde, Shunko Bolsée, Olivier Philippine, Vona Méléder, and Christine Dupuy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-524, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-524, 2026
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This study evaluates the potential of combining continuous atmospheric CO2 flux measurements with IA modelling to estimate carbon budgets in agricultural crops in a French wetland. Modelling strategies were developed to capture their phenological and management-related carbon dynamics. Our results provide a pragmatic framework to derive plot-scale carbon budgets and offers promising perspectives for improving regional carbon flux inventories and assessing climate-smart agricultural practices.
Ludovic Ravanel, Romain Duphil, Emmanuel Malet, Christine Piot, Olivier Alemany, Xavier Cailhol, and Michel Fauquet
Geogr. Helv., 80, 455–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-80-455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-80-455-2025, 2025
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Ice aprons are little-known ice masses on steep Alpine rock faces. They are also paleo-environmental archives as their ice is several thousand years old. A special corer has been developed to sample the ice before analysing it.
Raphaël Gallet and Fabien Arnaud
Sci. Dril., 34, 21–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-34-21-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-34-21-2025, 2025
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In this paper, we present the technical choices we made to craft a universal core opening bench. This device has been designed to open sediment cores in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) liners up to 1.5 m long and with 3 mm thick walls. The accepted external diameters are 63 and 90 mm, but this may be customized easily. All plans and 3D shapes are available online at no charge.
Pierre Brigode and Ludovic Oudin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 5535–5553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5535-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5535-2025, 2025
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We analyzed how well two global climate datasets can simulate river flows across Europe over the last 150 years. Our results show good performance overall, revealing important long-term changes in water availability and extreme events, like floods, in different regions. This research helps us better understand past and future water trends, providing insights to manage resources and address the challenges posed by climate change.
Gerald Dicen, Floriane Guillevic, Surya Gupta, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Katrin Meusburger, Pierre Sabatier, Olivier Evrard, and Christine Alewell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1529–1549, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1529-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1529-2025, 2025
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Fallout radionuclides (FRNs) such as 137Cs and 239+240Pu are considered to be critical tools in various environmental research. Here, we compiled reference soil data on these FRNs from the literature to build a comprehensive database. Using this database, we determined the distribution and sources of 137Cs and 239+240Pu. We also demonstrated how the database can be used to identify the environmental factors that influence their distribution using a machine learning algorithm.
Olivier Delaigue, Guilherme Mendoza Guimarães, Pierre Brigode, Benoît Génot, Charles Perrin, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Bruno Janet, Nans Addor, and Vazken Andréassian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1461–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1461-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1461-2025, 2025
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This dataset covers 654 rivers all flowing in France. The provided time series and catchment attributes will be of interest to those modelers wishing to analyze hydrological behavior and perform model assessments.
Mathilde Banjan, Christian Crouzet, Hervé Jomard, Pierre Sabatier, David Marsan, and Erwan Messager
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-83, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-83, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
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This research shows how lake sediments reveal seismic activity history over extended periods, surpassing historical records. Sediment analysis from Lake Aiguebelette in the Western Alps found 32 layers likely caused by earthquakes over the Holocene. Robust dating methods correlated these layers with known historical earthquakes. Results suggest Lake Aiguebelette's sediment records mainly reflect local seismic events, enhancing understanding of earthquake recurrence and regional seismic history.
Ralph Bathelemy, Pierre Brigode, Vazken Andréassian, Charles Perrin, Vincent Moron, Cédric Gaucherel, Emmanuel Tric, and Dominique Boisson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2073–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, 2024
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The aim of this work is to provide the first hydroclimatic database for Haiti, a Caribbean country particularly vulnerable to meteorological and hydrological hazards. The resulting database, named Simbi, provides hydroclimatic time series for around 150 stations and 24 catchment areas.
Maude Biguenet, Eric Chaumillon, Pierre Sabatier, Antoine Bastien, Emeline Geba, Fabien Arnaud, Thibault Coulombier, and Nathalie Feuillet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3761–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, 2023
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This work documents the impact of Hurricane Irma (2017) on the Codrington barrier and lagoon on Barbuda Island. Irma caused two wide breaches in the sandy barrier, which remained unopened for 250 years. The thick and extensive sand sheet at the top of the lagoon fill was attributed to Irma. This unique deposit in a 3700-year record confirms Irma's exceptional character. This case study illustrates the consequences of high-intensity hurricanes in low-lying islands in a global warming context.
Laurent Strohmenger, Eric Sauquet, Claire Bernard, Jérémie Bonneau, Flora Branger, Amélie Bresson, Pierre Brigode, Rémy Buzier, Olivier Delaigue, Alexandre Devers, Guillaume Evin, Maïté Fournier, Shu-Chen Hsu, Sandra Lanini, Alban de Lavenne, Thibault Lemaitre-Basset, Claire Magand, Guilherme Mendoza Guimarães, Max Mentha, Simon Munier, Charles Perrin, Tristan Podechard, Léo Rouchy, Malak Sadki, Myriam Soutif-Bellenger, François Tilmant, Yves Tramblay, Anne-Lise Véron, Jean-Philippe Vidal, and Guillaume Thirel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3375–3391, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3375-2023, 2023
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Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
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Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Brigode, Guillaume Thirel, and Laurent Coron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3293–3327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, 2023
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Teaching hydrological modeling is an important, but difficult, matter. It requires appropriate tools and teaching material. In this article, we present the airGRteaching package, which is an open-source software tool relying on widely used hydrological models. This tool proposes an interface and numerous hydrological modeling exercises representing a wide range of hydrological applications. We show how this tool can be applied to simple but real-life cases.
Reyhaneh Hashemi, Pierre Brigode, Pierre-André Garambois, and Pierre Javelle
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5793–5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, 2022
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Hydrologists have long dreamed of a tool that could adequately predict runoff in catchments. Data-driven long short-term memory (LSTM) models appear very promising to the hydrology community in this respect. Here, we have sought to benefit from traditional practices in hydrology to improve the effectiveness of LSTM models. We discovered that one LSTM parameter has a hydrologic interpretation and that there is a need to increase the data and to tune two parameters, thereby improving predictions.
Hege Kilhavn, Isabelle Couchoud, Russell N. Drysdale, Carlos Rossi, John Hellstrom, Fabien Arnaud, and Henri Wong
Clim. Past, 18, 2321–2344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, 2022
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The analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios, and growth rate from a Spanish speleothem provides quantitative information on past hydrological conditions during the early Holocene in south-western Europe. Our data show that the cave site experienced increased effective recharge during the 8.2 ka event. Additionally, the oxygen isotopes indicate a change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic.
Małgorzata Chmiel, Maxime Godano, Marco Piantini, Pierre Brigode, Florent Gimbert, Maarten Bakker, Françoise Courboulex, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Diane Rivet, Anthony Sladen, David Ambrois, and Margot Chapuis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1541–1558, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1541-2022, 2022
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On 2 October 2020, the French Maritime Alps were struck by an extreme rainfall event caused by Storm Alex. Here, we show that seismic data provide the timing and velocity of the propagation of flash-flood waves along the Vésubie River. We also detect 114 small local earthquakes triggered by the rainwater weight and/or its infiltration into the ground. This study paves the way for future works that can reveal further details of the impact of Storm Alex on the Earth’s surface and subsurface.
Jacques Mourey, Pascal Lacroix, Pierre-Allain Duvillard, Guilhem Marsy, Marco Marcer, Emmanuel Malet, and Ludovic Ravanel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 445–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-445-2022, 2022
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More frequent rockfalls in high alpine environments due to climate change are a growing threat to mountaineers. This hazard is particularly important on the classic route up Mont Blanc. Our results show that rockfalls are most frequent during snowmelt periods and the warmest hours of the day, and that mountaineers do not adapt to the local rockfall hazard when planning their ascent. Disseminating the knowledge acquired from our study caused management measures to be implemented for the route.
Bernd Etzelmüller, Justyna Czekirda, Florence Magnin, Pierre-Allain Duvillard, Ludovic Ravanel, Emanuelle Malet, Andreas Aspaas, Lene Kristensen, Ingrid Skrede, Gudrun D. Majala, Benjamin Jacobs, Johannes Leinauer, Christian Hauck, Christin Hilbich, Martina Böhme, Reginald Hermanns, Harald Ø. Eriksen, Tom Rune Lauknes, Michael Krautblatter, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 97–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022, 2022
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This paper is a multi-authored study documenting the possible existence of permafrost in permanently monitored rockslides in Norway for the first time by combining a multitude of field data, including geophysical surveys in rock walls. The paper discusses the possible role of thermal regime and rockslide movement, and it evaluates the possible impact of atmospheric warming on rockslide dynamics in Norwegian mountains.
Anthony Foucher, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Pierre Sabatier, and Olivier Evrard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4951–4966, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4951-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4951-2021, 2021
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Sediment archives provide a powerful and unique tool for reconstructing the trajectory and the resilience of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems facing major environmental changes. Establishing an age depth–model is the first prerequisite of any paleo-investigation. This study synthesizes the distribution of two radionuclides classically used to this aim, providing a worldwide reference to help the scientific community reach a consensus for dating recent sedimentary archives.
Pierre Véquaud, Sylvie Derenne, Alexandre Thibault, Christelle Anquetil, Giuliano Bonanomi, Sylvie Collin, Sergio Contreras, Andrew T. Nottingham, Pierre Sabatier, Norma Salinas, Wesley P. Scott, Josef P. Werne, and Arnaud Huguet
Biogeosciences, 18, 3937–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3937-2021, 2021
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A better understanding of past climate variations is essential to apprehend future climatic changes. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of specific organic compounds of bacterial origin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs), as temperature and pH proxies at the global level using an extended soil dataset. We show the major potential of 3-OH FAs as such proxies in terrestrial environments through the different models presented and their application for palaeoreconstruction.
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Short summary
The reactivity of local to regional hydrosystems to global changes remains understated in East African climate models. By reconstructing a chronicle of seasonal floods and droughts from a lacustrine sedimentary core, this paper highlights the impact of El Niño anomalies in the Awash River valley (Ethiopia). Studying regional hydrosystem feedbacks to global atmospheric anomalies is essential for better comprehending and mitigating the effects of global warming in extreme environments.
The reactivity of local to regional hydrosystems to global changes remains understated in East...
