Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation is responsible for the linkage of decadal changes in precipitation and moisture in arid central Asia and the humid Asian monsoon region during the last millennium
Hongna Xu
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Huijun Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Zhicong Yin, Yu Wan, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11519–11530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11519-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Severe ozone pollution frequently occurred in North China and obviously damages human health and ecosystems. The meteorological conditions effectively affect the variations in ozone pollution by modulating the natural emissions of O3 precursors and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In this study, the interannual relationship between ozone-related meteorology and late-spring snow cover in West Siberia was explored, and the reasons of its decadal change were also physically explained.
Zhicong Yin, Yijia Zhang, Huijun Wang, and Yuyan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is a must to disentangle the contributions of stable meteorology from the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. A 59 % decline in PM2.5 related to the COVID-19 pandemic was found in North China. The COVID-19 quarantine measures decreased the PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta by 72 %. In Hubei Province where most pneumonia cases were confirmed, the impact of the total emission reduction (72 %) evidently exceeded the rising percentage of PM2.5 driven by meteorology (13 %).
Yijia Zhang, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12211–12221, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12211-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Haze events in early winter in North China exhibited rapid growth after 2010, which was completely different from the slow decline observed before 2010. However, global warming and anthropogenic emissions could not explain this trend reversal well, which was puzzling. Our study found that four climate factors, exhibiting completely opposite trends before and after 2010, effectively drove the trend reversal of the haze pollution in North China.
Xu Yue, Hong Liao, Huijun Wang, Tianyi Zhang, Nadine Unger, Stephen Sitch, Zhaozhong Feng, and Jia Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2353–2366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2353-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2353-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We explore ecosystem responses in China to 1.5 °C global warming under stabilized versus transient pathways. Remarkably, GPP shows 30 % higher enhancement in the stabilized than the transient pathway because of the lower ozone (smaller damages to photosynthesis) and fewer aerosols (higher light availability) in the former pathway. Our analyses suggest that an associated reduction of CO2 and pollution emissions brings more benefits to ecosystems in China via 1.5 °C global warming.
Yongyun Hu, Yan Xia, Zhengyu Liu, Yuchen Wang, Zhengyao Lu, and Tao Wang
Clim. Past, 16, 199–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-199-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-199-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper shows, using climate simulations, that the Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection was distorted or completely broken at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The results suggest that ENSO would have little direct impact on North American climates at the LGM.
Zhicong Yin, Bufan Cao, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13933–13943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13933-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone occurs both in the stratosphere and at ground level. Surface ozone is a man-made air pollutant and has harmful effects on people and the environment. Two dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution were determined. The most dominant pattern in 2017 and 2018 was different from that in previous years. The findings of this study help us to understand the features of surface ozone pollution in eastern China and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulations.
Xin Hao, Shengping He, Huijun Wang, and Tingting Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9903–9911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9903-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) can be greatly influenced by many factors that can be classified as anthropogenic forcing and natural forcing. Our results show that the increasing anthropogenic emissions in the past decades may have contributed to the weakening of the EAWM, the frequency of occurrence of strong EAWM may have decreased by 45 % due to the anthropogenic forcing, and the anthropogenic forcing is a dominant contributor to the occurrence of a weak EAWM.
Wogu Zhong, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5941–5957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years.This research focused on severe haze during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of the anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia. The advance and retreat of anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA) corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
Zhicong Yin, Huijun Wang, Yuyan Li, Xiaohui Ma, and Xinyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3857–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3857-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Summer surface ozone pollution has rapidly intensified recently, damaging human and ecosystem health. This study aims to examine the large-scale atmospheric circulations associated with the interannual variation in summer surface O3 pollution in North China based on long-term meteorological observations. The impacts of Arctic sea ice were also revealed. The outcomes may provide a basis for understanding the interannual variation of 03 pollution and its seasonal to interannual prediction.
Zhicong Yin, Yuyan Li, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1439–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, haze pollution in the North China has been serious and disastrous. The preceding heavy autumn sea ice intensified the early winter haze pollution over North China. The results provide possibilities for the seasonal to interannual prediction of haze pollution that helps to determine whether extra stringent emission control measures are needed to counteract the effect of climate variability.
Huopo Chen, Huijun Wang, Jianqi Sun, Yangyang Xu, and Zhicong Yin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 233–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our results show that the anthropogenic air pollution over eastern China will increase considerably at the end of 21st century, even though we keep the aerosol emission constant throughout the experiment. Furthermore, estimation shows that the effect of climate change induced by the GHG warming can account for 11%–28% of the changes of anthropogenic air pollution days over this region.
Jian Shi, Qing Yan, and Huijun Wang
Clim. Past, 14, 577–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paleo-East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is widely reconstructed by precipitation/humidity proxies over East Asia. However, based on numerical simulations over the last millennium, we find that the multi-decadal relationship between the EASM and precipitation over eastern China is non-stationary, which may be attributed to the internal variability of the climate system rather than the external forcings. In contrast, the centennial EASM–precipitation relationship is much more close and stable.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4753–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4753-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In China, the haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades. The relationship between the snow cover and the December haze days was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the snow cover and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations.
Zhicong Yin, Huijun Wang, and Huopo Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1641–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1641-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The number of winter haze days over the north-central North China Plain in 2014 was largest in the past 30 years. With the anticyclone circulation over North China taken as an intermediate, the positive phases of the east Atlantic/west Russia, western Pacific, and Eurasian patterns led to a larger number of haze days in 2014. The related external forcing included preceding autumn Arctic sea ice, winter and pre-autumn surface temperature, and pre-autumn sea surface temperature in the Pacific.
Zhicong Yin and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14843–14852, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, the winter haze pollution over the north central North China Plain has become severe. By treating the year-to-year increment as the predictand, two new statistical schemes were established using the multiple linear regression and the generalized additive model approaches. After cross validation, both of these models could capture the interannual and interdecadal trends and the extremums successfully. Independent tests for 2014 and 2015 also confirmed the good predictive skill.
Hui-Jun Wang and Huo-Po Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4205–4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The variability of the autumn Arctic sea ice extent, local precipitation and surface wind during winter is most influential to the haze pollution change in eastern China. The joint effect of fast increase of total energy consumption, rapid decline of Arctic sea ice extent and reduced precipitation and surface winds intensified the haze pollution in central North China after 2000. There is similar conclusion for haze pollution in eastern South China after 2000.
T. Wang, H. J. Wang, O. H. Otterå, Y. Q. Gao, L. L. Suo, T. Furevik, and L. Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12433–12450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Atmospheric Dynamics | Archive: Modelling only | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Extratropical cyclone statistics during the last millennium and the 21st century
Timescale dependence of the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon strength and precipitation over eastern China in the last millennium
The South American monsoon variability over the last millennium in climate models
Christoph C. Raible, Martina Messmer, Flavio Lehner, Thomas F. Stocker, and Richard Blender
Clim. Past, 14, 1499–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Extratropical cyclones in winter and their characteristics are investigated in depth for the Atlantic European region from 850 to 2100 CE. During the Common Era, cyclone characteristics show pronounced variations mainly caused by internal variability of the coupled climate system. When anthropogenic forcing becomes dominant, a strong increase of extreme cyclone-related precipitation is found due to thermodynamics, though dynamical processes can play an important role during the last millennium.
Jian Shi, Qing Yan, and Huijun Wang
Clim. Past, 14, 577–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paleo-East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is widely reconstructed by precipitation/humidity proxies over East Asia. However, based on numerical simulations over the last millennium, we find that the multi-decadal relationship between the EASM and precipitation over eastern China is non-stationary, which may be attributed to the internal variability of the climate system rather than the external forcings. In contrast, the centennial EASM–precipitation relationship is much more close and stable.
Maisa Rojas, Paola A. Arias, Valentina Flores-Aqueveque, Anji Seth, and Mathias Vuille
Clim. Past, 12, 1681–1691, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1681-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1681-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Recent work shows that during the most prominent climate anomalies during the last millennium, the Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (ca. 1450–1850), the South American monsoon system (SAMS) was drier and wetter, respectively. We investigate if this variability in the SAMS is reproduced in the latest set of climate simulations that cover these periods. Despite weak forcing, through analysis of the large-scale circulation we find this signal in the models.
Cited articles
Aizen, E. M., Aizen, V. B., Melack, J. M., Nakamura, T., and Ohta, T.: Precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns at mid-latitudes of Asia, Int. J. Climatol., 21, 535–556, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.626, 2001.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, 1–326, ISBN 92-5-104219-5, 1998.
Anderson, D. M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M. P., Hakim, G. J., Noone, D., Perkins, W. A., and Steig, E.: Additions to the Last Millennium Reanalysis multi-proxy database, Data Sci. J., 18, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2019-002, 2019.
Bretherton, C. S., Widmann, M., Dymnikov, V. P., Wallace, J. M., and Bladé, I.: The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying field, J. Climate, 12, 1990–2009, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1990:tenosd>2.0.co;2, 1999.
Chen, F., Chen, J., Holmes, J., Boomer, I., Austin, P., Gates, J. B., Wang, N., Brooks, S. J., and Zhang, J.: Moisture changes over the last millennium in arid central Asia: a review, synthesis and comparison with monsoon region, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1055–1068, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.005, 2010.
Chen, F., Huang, W., Jin, L., Chen, J., and Wang, J.: Spatiotemporal precipitation variations in the arid Central Asia in the context of global warming, Sci. China Earth Sci., 54, 1812–1821, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4333-8, 2011.
Chen, J., Chen, F., Feng, S., Huang, W., Liu, J., and Zhou, A.: Hydroclimatic changes in China and surroundings during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age: spatial patterns and possible mechanisms, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 107, 98–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.012, 2015.
Chu, C., Yang, X.-Q., Sun, X., Yang, D., Jiang, Y., Feng, T., and Liang, J.: Effect of the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean warming since the late 1970s on wintertime Northern Hemispheric atmospheric circulation and East Asian climate interdecadal changes, Clim. Dynam., 50, 3031–3048, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3790-y, 2018.
Cressman, G. P.: Circulations of the west Pacific jet stream, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 2450–2463, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<2450:cotwpj>2.0.co;2, 1981.
Ding, Y.: Advanced synoptic meteorology, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, ISBN 978-7-5029-3926-7, 2005.
Ding, Y. and Chan, J. C. L.: The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 89, 117–142, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0125-z, 2005.
Ding, Y., Wang, Z., and Sun, Y.: Inter-decadal variation of the summer precipitation in East China and its association with decreasing Asian summer monsoon. Part I: Observed evidences, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 1139–1161, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1615, 2008.
Dong, B. and Lu, R.: Interdecadal enhancement of the walker circulation over the Tropical Pacific in the late 1990s, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 247–262, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2069-9, 2013.
Gilman, D. L., Fuglister, F. J., and Mitchell, J. M.: On the power spectrum of “red noise”, J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 182–184, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0182:otpson>2.0.co;2, 1963.
Henley, B. J., Gergis, J., Karoly, D. J., Power, S., Kennedy, J., and Folland, C. K.: A Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, Clim. Dynam., 45, 3077–3090, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2525-1, 2015.
Hu, Y., Sun, W., Liu, J., Chen, D., Ning, L., and Peng, Z.: Decadal variability of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau modulated by the 11-year solar cycle over the past millennium, Front. Earth Sci., 11, 1137205, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1137205, 2023.
Huang, J., Ma, J., Guan, X., Li, Y., and He, Y.: Progress in semi-arid climate change studies in China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 36, 922–937, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8200-9, 2019.
Huang, W., Chen, F., Feng, S., Chen, J., and Zhang, X.: Interannual precipitation variations in the mid-latitude Asia and their association with large-scale atmospheric circulation, Chinese Sci. Bull., 58, 3962–3968, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-5970-4, 2013.
Huang, W., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Feng, S., and Chen, F.: Definition of the core zone of the “westerlies-dominated climatic regime”, and its controlling factors during the instrumental period, Sci. China Earth Sci., 58, 676–684, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5057-y, 2015.
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E., Kushner, P. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Lipscomb, W. H., Long, M. C., Mahowald, N., Marsh, D. R., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P., Vavrus, S., Vertenstein, M., Bader, D., Collins, W. D., Hack, J. J., Kiehl, J., and Marshall, S.: The Community Earth System Model: A framework for collaborative research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1339–1360, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00121.1, 2013.
Jiang, D., Su, M., Wei, R., and Bao, L.: Variation and projection of drought and wet conditions in Xinjiang, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 33, 90–98, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2009.01.08, 2009.
Jiang, J., Zhou, T., Chen, X., and Wu, B.: Central Asian precipitation shaped by the tropical Pacific Decadal Variability and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, J. Climate, 34, 7541–7553, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0905.1, 2021.
Jin, C., Liu, J., Wang, B., Yan, M., and Ning, L.: Decadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon forced by the 11-year insolation cycle, J. Climate, 32, 2735–2745, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0288.1, 2019.
Krishnamurthy, L. and Krishnamurthy, V.: Influence of PDO on South Asian summer monsoon and monsoon–ENSO relation, Clim. Dynam., 42, 2397–2410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1856-z, 2014.
Li, B., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, B., and Shi, X.: Recent fall Eurasian cooling linked to North Pacific sea surface temperatures and a strengthening Siberian high, Nat. Commun., 11, 5202, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19014-2, 2020.
Li, G., Gao, C., Lu, B., and Chen, H.: Inter-annual variability of spring precipitation over the Indo-China Peninsula and its asymmetric relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Clim. Dynam., 56, 2651–2665, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05609-4, 2021.
Li, T., Wang, Y., Wang, B., Ting, M., Ding, Y., Sun, Y., He, C., and Yang, G.: Distinctive South and East Asian monsoon circulation responses to global warming, Sci. Bull., 67, 762–770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.12.001, 2022.
Miao, J., Wang, T., and Jiang, D.: Ozone-aerosol and land use reversed temperature increase over some northern mid-latitude regions between the 20th century and the Little Ice Age based on the CESM-LME, Holocene, 32, 1251–1259, https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211041734, 2022.
Middleton, N. J. and Thomas, D. S. G.: World atlas of desertification, 2nd edn, Edward Arnold, London, The United Kingdom, ISBN 0-340-69166-2, 1997.
Mishra, V. and Aadhar, S.: Famines and likelihood of consecutive megadroughts in India, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 4, 59, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00219-1, 2021.
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, Swansea, 19, 205–234, https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/8v5v7/evaporation-and-environment (last access: 9 January 2024), 1965.
Ning, L., Chen, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Yan, M., Sun, W., Jin, C., and Shi, Z.: How do volcanic eruptions influence decadal megadroughts over eastern China?, J. Climate, 33, 8195–8207, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0394.1, 2020.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Fasullo, J., Jahn, A., Landrum, L., Stevenson, S., Rosenbloom, N., Mai, A., and Strand, G.: Climate variability and change since 850 CE: An ensemble approach with the Community Earth System Model, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 735–754, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00233.1, 2016a.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Brady, E. C., Fasullo, J., Jahn, A., Landrum, L., Stevenson, S., Rosenbloom, N., Mai, A., and Strand, G.: CESM1 Last Millennium Ensemble, ESG [data set], https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/community-projects/lme (last access: 10 January 2023), 2016b.
PAGES2k Consortium: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era, Sci. Data, 4, 170088, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88, 2017.
Penman, H. L.: Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass, P. R. Soc. Lond. A, 193, 120–145, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037, 1948.
Power, S., Casey, T., Folland, C., Colman, A., and Mehta, V.: Inter-decadal modulation of the impact of ENSO on Australia, Clim. Dynam., 15, 319–324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050284, 1999.
Qin, M., Li, D., Dai, A., Hua, W., and Ma, H.: The influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on North Central China precipitation during boreal autumn, Int. J. Climatol., 38, e821–e831, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5410, 2018.
Qin, M., Dai, A., Li, D., and Hua, W.: Understanding the inter-decadal variability of autumn precipitation over North Central China using model simulations, Int. J. Climatol., 40, 874–886, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6245, 2020.
Shi, J., Yan, Q., Jiang, D., Min, J., and Jiang, Y.: Precipitation variation over eastern China and arid central Asia during the past millennium and its possible mechanism: Perspectives from PMIP3 experiments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 11989–12004, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025126, 2016.
Shi, J., Yan, Q., and Wang, H.: Timescale dependence of the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon strength and precipitation over eastern China in the last millennium, Clim. Past, 14, 577–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-577-2018, 2018.
Shi, Y., Shen, Y., Kang, E., Li, D., Ding, Y., Zhang, G., and Hu, R.: Recent and Future climate change in Northwest China, Climatic Change, 80, 379–393, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9121-7, 2007.
Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., Perkins, W. A., Horlick, K. A., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., Anderson, D. M., Steig, E. J., and Noone, D.: Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling, Clim. Past, 15, 1251–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019, 2019a.
Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., Perkins, W. A., Horlick, K. A., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., Anderson, D. M., Steig, E. J., and Noone, D.: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology – Last Millennium Reanalysis (LMR) Project Global Climate Reconstructions Version 2, NCEI [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/gn22-5866, 2019b.
Turner, A. G. and Annamalai, H.: Climate change and the South Asian summer monsoon, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 587–595, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1495, 2012.
Wang, H. J.: The weakening of the Asian monsoon circulation after the end of 1970's, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 18, 376–386, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02919316, 2001.
Wang, T. and Miao, J. P.: Twentieth-century Pacific Decadal Oscillation simulated by CMIP5 coupled models, Atmos. Ocean Sci. Lett., 11, 94–101, https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2017.1381548, 2018.
Wang, T., Wang, H. J., Otterå, O. H., Gao, Y. Q., Suo, L. L., Furevik, T., and Yu, L.: Anthropogenic agent implicated as a prime driver of shift in precipitation in eastern China in the late 1970s, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12433–12450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12433-2013, 2013.
Wang, T., Xu, H., Jiang, D., and Yao, J.: Mechanisms of reduced mid-Holocene precipitation in arid Central Asia as simulated by PMIP3/4 models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD036153, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036153, 2022.
Webster, P. J. and Yang, S.: Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive systems, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 877–926, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711850705, 1992.
Xu, H., Wang, T., Wang, H., Miao, J., Chen, J., and Chen, S.: The PMIP3 simulated climate changes over arid Central Asia during the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum, Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl., 94, 725–742, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14542, 2020.
Xu, H., Wang, T., Wang, H., Chen, S., and Chen, J.: External forcings caused the tripole trend of Asian precipitation during the Holocene, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2023JD039460, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039460, 2023.
Xue, J., Ning, L., Liu, Z., Qin, Y., Chen, K., Yan, M., Liu, J., Wang, L., and Li, C.: The combined influences of solar radiation and PDO on precipitation over eastern China during the last millennium, Clim. Dynam., 60, 1137–1150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06372-4, 2023.
Zhang, Y. and Huang, D.: Has the East Asian westerly jet experienced a poleward displacement in recent decades?, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1259–1265, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-9185-9, 2011.
Zhao, P., Yang, S., and Yu, R.: Long-term changes in rainfall over eastern China and large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with recent global warming, J. Climate, 23, 1544–1562, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2660.1, 2010.
Zhao, X., Dong, B., and Lu, R.: Interdecadal weakening of the cross-equatorial flows over the Maritime Continent during the boreal summer in the mid-1990s: drivers and physical processes, Clim. Dynam., 57, 55–72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05692-1, 2021.
Zhu, J., Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Cui, Y., Liang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Kong, X., Shao, X., Chen, S., and Pang, L.: Decadal modulation of East Asian summer monsoon variations by external forcing and internal variability, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 293, 107720, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107720, 2022.
Zhu, Y., Wang, H., Ma, J., Wang, T., and Sun, J.: Contribution of the phase transition of Pacific Decadal Oscillation to the late 1990s' shift in East China summer rainfall, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 8817–8827, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023545, 2015.
Short summary
Reanalysis data and simulations show, during the last millennium, that the evolution of precipitation in central Asia is out of phase (in phase) with that in the South Asian monsoon region and most of northern China (southern China) on a decadal scale. This linkage of precipitation changes in arid central Asia and humid monsoonal Asia is dominated by internal variability associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and causes a similar linkage of moisture changes in the two regions.
Reanalysis data and simulations show, during the last millennium, that the evolution of...