Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2127-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2127-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Nov 2023
Research article |
| 01 Nov 2023
| 01 Nov 2023
Reconstructing 15 000 years of southern France temperatures from coupled pollen and molecular (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether) markers (Canroute, Massif Central)
Léa d'Oliveira
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Lucas Dugerdil
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
LGL-TPE UMR 5276, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France
Guillemette Ménot
LGL-TPE UMR 5276, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France
Allowen Evin
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Serge D. Muller
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Salomé Ansanay-Alex
LGL-TPE UMR 5276, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France
Julien Azuara
Chrono-environnement UMR 6565, CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
Colline Bonnet
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Laurent Bremond
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Mehmet Shah
ASM UMR 5140, Université de Montpellier 3, 34199 Montpellier, France
Odile Peyron
ISEM UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Related authors
Léa d'Oliveira, Sébastien Joannin, Guillemette Ménot, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Lucas Dugerdil, Marion Blache, Mary Robles, Assunta Florenzano, Alessia Masi, Anna Maria Mercuri, Laura Sadori, Marie Balasse, and Odile Peyron
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1106, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied climate change in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene by analysing 38 pollen records. Several methods were used to obtain reliable results on seasonal temperatures and precipitation. Our results show that, during the Holocene, summer temperatures were colder in the south and warmer in the north, with wetter winters and drier summers, especially in the south. Unlike winter conditions, summers ones did not follow variations in insolation, suggesting other factors.
Léa d'Oliveira, Sébastien Joannin, Guillemette Ménot, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Lucas Dugerdil, Marion Blache, Mary Robles, Assunta Florenzano, Alessia Masi, Anna Maria Mercuri, Laura Sadori, Marie Balasse, and Odile Peyron
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1106, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied climate change in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene by analysing 38 pollen records. Several methods were used to obtain reliable results on seasonal temperatures and precipitation. Our results show that, during the Holocene, summer temperatures were colder in the south and warmer in the north, with wetter winters and drier summers, especially in the south. Unlike winter conditions, summers ones did not follow variations in insolation, suggesting other factors.
Amy Cromartie, Cindy De Jonge, Guillemette Ménot, Mary Robles, Lucas Dugerdil, Odile Peyron, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, Jon Camuera, Maria Jose Ramos-Roman, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Claude Colombié, Lilit Sahakyan, and Sébastien Joannin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-526, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-526, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
BrGDGT are a molecular biomarker utilized for paleotemperature reconstructions. One issue, however, with utilizing brGDGTs is that the distribution differs in relation to sediment environments (i.e., peat, lake, soil) which change overtime. We utilize the probability estimate outputs from five machine learning algorithms, and a new modern brGDGTs database to track change and apply these models’ to two downcore records utilizing pollen and non-pollen polymorphs to confirm the model’s accuracy.
Dael Sassoon, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Odile Peyron, Adele Bertini, Francesco Toti, Vincent Lebreton, and Marie-Hélène Moncel
Clim. Past, 21, 489–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-489-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-489-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climatic reconstructions of Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 19, 11, and 5 and the current interglacial (MIS 1) based on pollen data from a marine core (Alboran Sea) show that, compared with MIS 1, MIS 19 was colder and highly variable, MIS 11 was longer and more stable, and MIS 5 was warmer. There is no real equivalent to the current interglacial, but past interglacials give insights into the sensitivity of the southwestern Mediterranean to global climatic changes in conditions similar to MIS 1.
Mary Robles, Valérie Andrieu, Pierre Rochette, Séverine Fauquette, Odile Peyron, François Demory, Oktay Parlak, Eliane Charrat, Belinda Gambin, and Mehmet Cihat Alçiçek
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-174, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-174, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to characterize the vegetation and lake dynamics based on pollen and Non-Pollen Palynomorph (NPP) proxies, to quantitatively reconstruct climate changes using a multimethod approach and to morphologically characterize the large pollen grains of Poaceae (Cerealia-type).
Ulrike Herzschuh, Thomas Böhmer, Manuel Chevalier, Raphaël Hébert, Anne Dallmeyer, Chenzhi Li, Xianyong Cao, Odile Peyron, Larisa Nazarova, Elena Y. Novenko, Jungjae Park, Natalia A. Rudaya, Frank Schlütz, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Pavel E. Tarasov, Yongbo Wang, Ruilin Wen, Qinghai Xu, and Zhuo Zheng
Clim. Past, 19, 1481–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A mismatch between model- and proxy-based Holocene climate change may partially originate from the poor spatial coverage of climate reconstructions. Here we investigate quantitative reconstructions of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation from 1908 pollen records in the Northern Hemisphere. Trends show strong latitudinal patterns and differ between (sub-)continents. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the global mean.
Ulrike Herzschuh, Thomas Böhmer, Chenzhi Li, Manuel Chevalier, Raphaël Hébert, Anne Dallmeyer, Xianyong Cao, Nancy H. Bigelow, Larisa Nazarova, Elena Y. Novenko, Jungjae Park, Odile Peyron, Natalia A. Rudaya, Frank Schlütz, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Pavel E. Tarasov, Yongbo Wang, Ruilin Wen, Qinghai Xu, and Zhuo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2235–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate reconstruction from proxy data can help evaluate climate models. We present pollen-based reconstructions of mean July temperature, mean annual temperature, and annual precipitation from 2594 pollen records from the Northern Hemisphere, using three reconstruction methods (WA-PLS, WA-PLS_tailored, and MAT). Since no global or hemispheric synthesis of quantitative precipitation changes are available for the Holocene so far, this dataset will be of great value to the geoscientific community.
Mary Robles, Odile Peyron, Guillemette Ménot, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Sabine Wulf, Oona Appelt, Marion Blache, Boris Vannière, Lucas Dugerdil, Bruno Paura, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Amy Cromartie, Laurent Charlet, Stephane Guédron, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, and Sébastien Joannin
Clim. Past, 19, 493–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative climate reconstructions based on pollen and brGDGTs reveal, for the Late Glacial, a warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas in Italy, showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. In terms of precipitation, no latitudinal differences are recorded during the Bølling–Allerød, whereas 40–42° N appears as a key junction point between wetter conditions in southern Italy and drier conditions in northern Italy during the Younger Dryas.
Lucas Dugerdil, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Boris Vannière, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Julia Unkelbach, Hermann Behling, and Guillemette Ménot
Clim. Past, 17, 1199–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the understanding of Holocene climate change appears to be a relevant issue for future climate change, the paleoclimate calibrations have to be improved. Here, surface samples from Mongolia and Siberia were analyzed to provide new calibrations for pollen and biomarker climate models. These calibrations appear to be more powerful than global calibrations, especially in an arid central Asian context. These calibrations will improve the understanding of monsoon Holocene oscillations.
Lucas Dugerdil, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Boris Vannière, Bazartseren Boldgiv, and Guillemette Ménot
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-475, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Chloé Poulin, Bruno Hamelin, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Guinbe Amngar, Bichara Loukman, Jean-François Cretaux, Jean-Claude Doumnang, Abdallah Mahamat Nour, Guillemette Menot, Florence Sylvestre, and Pierre Deschamps
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1705–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1705-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1705-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the water budget of two intertropical lake systems in the absence of long-term hydrological monitoring. By coupling dry season isotopic data with satellite imagery, we were able to provide quantitative constrains on the hydrological balance and show that these two lake systems can be considered miniature analogs of Lake Chad, making them important targets in the future setup of any large-scale program on the hydro-climatic evolution in the Sahel region.
Gaia Sinopoli, Odile Peyron, Alessia Masi, Jens Holtvoeth, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori
Clim. Past, 15, 53–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Climate changes occur today as they occurred in the past. This study deals with climate changes reconstructed at Lake Ohrid (Albania and FYROM) between 160 000 and 70 000 years ago. Climate reconstruction, based on a high-resolution pollen study, provides quantitative estimates of past temperature and precipitation. Our data show an alternation of cold/dry and warm/wet periods. The last interglacial appears to be characterized by temperatures higher than nowadays.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders, Kirstin Föller, Biagio Giaccio, Andon Grazhdani, Torsten Hauffe, Jens Holtvoeth, Sebastien Joannin, Elena Jovanovska, Janna Just, Katerina Kouli, Andreas Koutsodendris, Sebastian Krastel, Jack H. Lacey, Niklas Leicher, Melanie J. Leng, Zlatko Levkov, Katja Lindhorst, Alessia Masi, Anna M. Mercuri, Sebastien Nomade, Norbert Nowaczyk, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Odile Peyron, Jane M. Reed, Eleonora Regattieri, Laura Sadori, Leonardo Sagnotti, Björn Stelbrink, Roberto Sulpizio, Slavica Tofilovska, Paola Torri, Hendrik Vogel, Thomas Wagner, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, George A. Wolff, Thomas Wonik, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Xiaosen S. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 2033–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid is considered to be the oldest existing lake in Europe. Moreover, it has a very high degree of endemic biodiversity. During a drilling campaign at Lake Ohrid in 2013, a 569 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Ohrid. The ongoing studies of this record provide first important information on the environmental and evolutionary history of the lake and the reasons for its high endimic biodiversity.
Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, David Brayshaw, Simon Goring, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Stéphanie Desprat, Will Fletcher, Belinda Gambin, Chryssanthi Ioakim, Sébastien Joannin, Ulrich Kotthoff, Katerina Kouli, Vincent Montade, Jörg Pross, Laura Sadori, and Michel Magny
Clim. Past, 13, 249–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to reconstruct the climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene from pollen data and model outputs. The model- and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show overall agreement: the eastern Medit. experienced wetter-than-present summer conditions during the early–late Holocene. This regional climate model highlights how the patchy nature of climate signals and data in the Medit. may lead to stronger local signals than the large-scale pattern suggests.
Laura Sadori, Andreas Koutsodendris, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Alessia Masi, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Alexander Francke, Katerina Kouli, Sébastien Joannin, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Paola Torri, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Gaia Sinopoli, and Timme H. Donders
Biogeosciences, 13, 1423–1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania) is the deepest, largest and oldest lake in Europe. To understand the climatic and environmental evolution of its area, a palynological study was undertaken for the last 500 ka. We found a correspondence between forested/non-forested periods and glacial-interglacial cycles of marine isotope stratigraphy. Our record shows a progressive change from cooler and wetter to warmer and dryer interglacial conditions. This shift is also visible in glacial vegetation.
B. Gambin, V. Andrieu-Ponel, F. Médail, N. Marriner, O. Peyron, V. Montade, T. Gambin, C. Morhange, D. Belkacem, and M. Djamali
Clim. Past, 12, 273–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-273-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the study of ancient microfossils, such as pollen and spores, this paper explores climate change in a Mediterranean island context. Using a multi-disciplinary approach this original research corroborates existing archaeological and historical data. It also uses comparative data from elsewhere in the central Mediterranean to ensure that the current research is placed within the appropriate geographic context.
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Multi-century mean summer temperature variations in the Southern Rhaetian Alps reconstructed from Larix decidua blue intensity data
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years
A Holocene history of climate, fire, landscape evolution, and human activity in northeastern Iceland
High-resolution Holocene record from Torfdalsvatn, north Iceland, reveals natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environments
A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction
BrGDGT-based seasonal paleotemperature reconstruction for the last 15 000 years from a shallow lake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene climate trends in the eastern Mediterranean region
Spatiotemporal Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics during the last 3 millennia in northeastern Brazil and related impacts in modern human history
Holocene climates of the Iberian Peninsula: pollen-based reconstructions of changes in the west–east gradient of temperature and moisture
Holocene climate and oceanography of the coastal Western United States and California Current System
Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation
Long-term trends in diatom diversity and palaeoproductivity: a 16 000-year multidecadal record from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia
A 406-year non-growing-season precipitation reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave
Winter–spring warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: evidence from southwest Iceland
Climate reconstructions based on GDGT and pollen surface datasets from Mongolia and Baikal area: calibrations and applicability to extremely cold–dry environments over the Late Holocene
Sampling density and date along with species selection influence spatial representation of tree-ring reconstructions
Changes in high-intensity precipitation on the northern Apennines (Italy) as revealed by multidisciplinary data over the last 9000 years
Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling mountains of central China
Centennial- to millennial-scale monsoon changes since the last deglaciation linked to solar activities and North Atlantic cooling
Algal lipids reveal unprecedented warming rates in alpine areas of SW Europe during the industrial period
Reconstructing seasonality through stable-isotope and trace-element analyses of the Proserpine stalagmite, Han-sur-Lesse cave, Belgium: indications for climate-driven changes during the last 400 years
Two millennia of Main region (southern Germany) hydroclimate variability
Combining a pollen and macrofossil synthesis with climate simulations for spatial reconstructions of European climate using Bayesian filtering
Lignin oxidation products as a potential proxy for vegetation and environmental changes in speleothems and cave drip water – a first record from the Herbstlabyrinth, central Germany
How dry was the Younger Dryas? Evidence from a coupled δ2H–δ18O biomarker paleohygrometer applied to the Gemündener Maar sediments, Western Eifel, Germany
Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions
The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview
Technical note: Optimizing the utility of combined GPR, OSL, and Lidar (GOaL) to extract paleoenvironmental records and decipher shoreline evolution
The onset of neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 ka event
Hydroclimatic variations in southeastern China during the 4.2 ka event reflected by stalagmite records
Fire, vegetation, and Holocene climate in a southeastern Tibetan lake: a multi-biomarker reconstruction from Paru Co
Climate impact on the development of Pre-Classic Maya civilisation
Synchronizing 10Be in two varved lake sediment records to IntCal13 14C during three grand solar minima
Technical note: Open-paleo-data implementation pilot – the PAGES 2k special issue
A chironomid-based record of temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China and its possible societal implications
Insights into Atlantic multidecadal variability using the Last Millennium Reanalysis framework
Three distinct Holocene intervals of stalagmite deposition and nondeposition revealed in NW Madagascar, and their paleoclimate implications
Examining bias in pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions induced by human impact on vegetation in China
A dual-biomarker approach for quantification of changes in relative humidity from sedimentary lipid D∕H ratios
Pseudo-proxy tests of the analogue method to reconstruct spatially resolved global temperature during the Common Era
Development and evaluation of a system of proxy data assimilation for paleoclimate reconstruction
A chironomid-based mean July temperature inference model from the south-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Assessing performance and seasonal bias of pollen-based climate reconstructions in a perfect model world
Quantitative reconstruction of summer precipitation using a mid-Holocene δ13C common millet record from Guanzhong Basin, northern China
North Atlantic Oscillation controls on oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in winter precipitation across Europe; implications for palaeoclimate studies
A 368-year maximum temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring data in the northwestern Sichuan Plateau (NWSP), China
Inferring late-Holocene climate in the Ecuadorian Andes using a chironomid-based temperature inference model
A high-altitude peatland record of environmental changes in the NW Argentine Andes (24 ° S) over the last 2100 years
Technical note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology
Riccardo Cerrato, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Michele Brunetti, Andrea Somma, and Carlo Baroni
Clim. Past, 21, 609–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-609-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-609-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding past climates requires data extending beyond modern instrumental records. This study shows that blue intensity (BI) measurements from European larch trees in the Southern Rhaetian Alps provide a stronger proxy for reconstructing past summer temperatures than traditional tree-ring-width data. BI processing enables regional-scale reconstructions and helps extend these reconstructions to the Mediterranean Basin and northern Europe, with excellent correlations to existing data.
Mathurin A. Choblet, Janica C. Bühler, Valdir F. Novello, Nathan J. Steiger, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 20, 2117–2141, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate reconstructions are essential for understanding climate mechanisms and drivers. Our focus is on the South American continent over the past 2000 years. We offer a new reconstruction that particularly utilizes data from speleothems, previously absent from continent-wide reconstructions. We use paleoclimate data assimilation, a reconstruction method that combines information from climate archives and climate simulations.
Nicolò Ardenghi, David J. Harning, Jonathan H. Raberg, Brooke R. Holman, Thorvaldur Thordarson, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, and Julio Sepúlveda
Clim. Past, 20, 1087–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysing a sediment record from Stóra Viðarvatn (NE Iceland), we reveal how natural factors and human activities influenced environmental changes (erosion, wildfires) over the last 11 000 years. We found increased fire activity around 3000 and 1500 years ago, predating human settlement, likely driven by natural factors like precipitation shifts. Declining summer temperatures increased erosion vulnerability, exacerbated by farming and animal husbandry, which in turn may have reduced wildfires.
David J. Harning, Christopher R. Florian, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Thor Thordarson, Gifford H. Miller, Yarrow Axford, and Sædís Ólafsdóttir
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-26, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Questions remain about the past climate in Iceland, including the relative impacts of natural and human factors on vegetation change and soil erosion. We present a sub-centennial scale record of landscape and algal productivity from a lake in north Iceland. Along with high-resolution age constraint that covers the last ~12000 years, our record provides an environmental template for the region and novel insight into the sensitivity of the Icelandic ecosystem to natural and human impacts.
Philip Meister, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, Bernhard Chapligin, Martine Couapel, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernhard Diekmann, Poppy Harding, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Armand Hernandez, Ulrike Herzschuh, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Jack Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Andreas Lücke, Anson W. Mackay, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Biljana Narancic, Cécile Porchier, Gunhild Rosqvist, Aldo Shemesh, Corinne Sonzogni, George E. A. Swann, Florence Sylvestre, and Hanno Meyer
Clim. Past, 20, 363–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of diatom oxygen isotope records in lake sediments (δ18OBSi), supported by lake basin parameters. We infer the spatial and temporal coverage of δ18OBSi records and discuss common hemispheric trends on centennial and millennial timescales. Key results are common patterns for hydrologically open lakes in Northern Hemisphere extratropical regions during the Holocene corresponding to known climatic epochs, i.e. the Holocene Thermal Maximum.
Xiaohuan Hou, Nannan Wang, Zhe Sun, Kan Yuan, Xianyong Cao, and Juzhi Hou
Clim. Past, 20, 335–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an ice-free season temperature based on brGDGTs over last 15 kyr on the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The result shows that Holocene Thermal Maximum occurred during 8–3.5 ka, which lags behind pollen-based temperature recorded in same core, indicating a significant seasonal bias between different proxies. We also investigated previously published brGDGT-based temperatures on the TP to determine the pattern of Holocene temperature changes and possible reasons for the diverse records.
Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Sandy P. Harrison, I. Colin Prentice, Elena Marinova, Patrick J. Bartlein, Hans Renssen, and Yurui Zhang
Clim. Past, 19, 2093–2108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examined 71 pollen records (12.3 ka to present) in the eastern Mediterranean, reconstructing climate changes. Over 9000 years, winters gradually warmed due to orbital factors. Summer temperatures peaked at 4.5–5 ka, likely declining because of ice sheets. Moisture increased post-11 kyr, remaining high from 10–6 kyr before a slow decrease. Climate models face challenges in replicating moisture transport.
Giselle Utida, Francisco W. Cruz, Mathias Vuille, Angela Ampuero, Valdir F. Novello, Jelena Maksic, Gilvan Sampaio, Hai Cheng, Haiwei Zhang, Fabio Ramos Dias de Andrade, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 19, 1975–1992, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) behavior during the past 3000 years over northeastern Brazil based on oxygen stable isotopes of stalagmites. Paleoclimate changes were mainly forced by the tropical South Atlantic and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability. We describe an ITCZ zonal behavior active around 1100 CE and the period from 1500 to 1750 CE. The dataset also records historical droughts that affected modern human population in this area of Brazil.
Mengmeng Liu, Yicheng Shen, Penelope González-Sampériz, Graciela Gil-Romera, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 19, 803–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the Holocene climates in the Iberian Peninsula using a large pollen data set and found that the west–east moisture gradient was much flatter than today. We also found that the winter was much colder, which can be expected from the low winter insolation during the Holocene. However, summer temperature did not follow the trend of summer insolation, instead, it was strongly correlated with moisture.
Hannah M. Palmer, Veronica Padilla Vriesman, Caitlin M. Livsey, Carina R. Fish, and Tessa M. Hill
Clim. Past, 19, 199–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand and contextualize modern climate change, this systematic review synthesizes climate and oceanographic patterns in the Western United States and California Current System through the most recent 11.75 kyr. Through a literature review and coded analysis of past studies, we identify distinct environmental phases through time and linkages between marine and terrestrial systems. We explore climate change impacts on ecosystems and human–environment interactions.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Anson W. Mackay, Vivian A. Felde, David W. Morley, Natalia Piotrowska, Patrick Rioual, Alistair W. R. Seddon, and George E. A. Swann
Clim. Past, 18, 363–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the diversity of algae called diatoms in Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake in the world, because algae sit at the base of aquatic foodwebs and provide energy (in the form of primary production) for other organisms to use. Diatom diversity and primary production have been influenced by both long-term and abrupt climate change over the past 16 000 years. The shape of these responses appears to be time-period specific.
Maierdang Keyimu, Zongshan Li, Bojie Fu, Guohua Liu, Fanjiang Zeng, Weiliang Chen, Zexin Fan, Keyan Fang, Xiuchen Wu, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 17, 2381–2392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2381-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2381-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We created a residual tree-ring width chronology and reconstructed non-growth-season precipitation (NGSP) over the period spanning 1600–2005 in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP), China. Reconstruction model verification as well as similar variations of NGSP reconstruction and Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstructions from the surrounding region indicate the reliability of the present reconstruction. Our reconstruction is representative of NGSP variability of a large region in the SETP.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Nora Richter, James M. Russell, Johanna Garfinkel, and Yongsong Huang
Clim. Past, 17, 1363–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a reconstruction of winter–spring temperatures developed using organic proxies preserved in well-dated lake sediments from southwest Iceland to assess seasonal temperature changes in the North Atlantic region over the last 2000 years. The gradual warming trend observed in our record is likely influenced by sea surface temperatures, which are sensitive to changes in ocean circulation and seasonal insolation, during the winter and spring season.
Lucas Dugerdil, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Boris Vannière, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Julia Unkelbach, Hermann Behling, and Guillemette Ménot
Clim. Past, 17, 1199–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the understanding of Holocene climate change appears to be a relevant issue for future climate change, the paleoclimate calibrations have to be improved. Here, surface samples from Mongolia and Siberia were analyzed to provide new calibrations for pollen and biomarker climate models. These calibrations appear to be more powerful than global calibrations, especially in an arid central Asian context. These calibrations will improve the understanding of monsoon Holocene oscillations.
Justin T. Maxwell, Grant L. Harley, Trevis J. Matheus, Brandon M. Strange, Kayla Van Aken, Tsun Fung Au, and Joshua C. Bregy
Clim. Past, 16, 1901–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that increasing the density of chronologies in the tree-ring network resulted in estimated soil moisture conditions that better matched the spatial variability of the values that were instrumentally recorded for droughts and, to a lesser extent, pluvials. By sampling trees in 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to soil moisture decreased in the southern portion of our region, where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades.
Stefano Segadelli, Federico Grazzini, Veronica Rossi, Margherita Aguzzi, Silvia Marvelli, Marco Marchesini, Alessandro Chelli, Roberto Francese, Maria Teresa De Nardo, and Sandro Nanni
Clim. Past, 16, 1547–1564, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In an attempt to consolidate trends in the hydrological cycle induced by recent warming, we conducted a multidisciplinary study combining meteorological data, climate proxies from the literature, and original coring and pollen data acquired in an area that has been hit by record-breaking precipitation events. A detailed study of recent flash-flood deposits compared with fossil peat bog and lake sediments supports the expected increase in precipitation intensity during warm climatic phases.
Bo Cheng, Jennifer Adams, Jianhui Chen, Aifeng Zhou, Qing Zhang, and Anson W. Mackay
Clim. Past, 16, 543–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Qinling mountains in China are biodiversity rich. We studied one of the high-latitude lakes on Mount Taibai with a view to looking at how aquatic diversity responded to long-term changes in climate over the past 3500 years. We specifically looked at a group of single-celled algae called diatoms, as they are very sensitive to the environment. We found that these algae changed gradually over time, but they showed abrupt change during the period known as the Little Ice Age, about 400 years ago.
Xingxing Liu, Youbin Sun, Jef Vandenberghe, Peng Cheng, Xu Zhang, Evan J. Gowan, Gerrit Lohmann, and Zhisheng An
Clim. Past, 16, 315–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The East Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon are anticorrelated on a centennial timescale during 16–1 ka. The centennial monsoon variability is connected to changes of both solar activity and North Atlantic cooling events during the Early Holocene. Then, North Atlantic cooling became the major forcing of events during the Late Holocene. This work presents the great challenge and potential to understand the response of the monsoon system to global climate changes in the past and the future.
Antonio García-Alix, Jaime L. Toney, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Laura Jiménez, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, R. Scott Anderson, Jon Camuera, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Dhais Peña-Angulo, and María J. Ramos-Román
Clim. Past, 16, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we identify warming thresholds, rates, and forcing mechanisms from a novel alpine temperature record of the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Common Era in order to contextualize the modern warming and its potential impact on these vulnerable alpine ecosystems. To do so, we have developed and applied the first lacustrine temperature calibration in alpine lakes for algal compounds, called long-chain alkyl diols, which is a significant advance in biomarker paleothermometry.
Stef Vansteenberge, Niels J. de Winter, Matthias Sinnesael, Sophie Verheyden, Steven Goderis, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Frank Vanhaecke, and Philippe Claeys
Clim. Past, 16, 141–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-141-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the chemical composition (trace-element concentrations and stable-isotope ratios) of a Belgian speleothem that deposited annual layers. Our sub-annual resolution dataset allows us to investigate how the chemistry of this speleothem recorded changes in the environment and climate in northwestern Europe. We then use this information to reconstruct climate change during the 16th and 17th century on the seasonal scale and demonstrate that environmental change drives speleothem chemistry.
Alexander Land, Sabine Remmele, Jutta Hofmann, Daniel Reichle, Margaret Eppli, Christian Zang, Allan Buras, Sebastian Hein, and Reiner Zimmermann
Clim. Past, 15, 1677–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1677-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1677-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
With the use of precipitation sensitive oak ring-width series from the Main River region (southern Germany) a 2000-year long hydroclimate reconstruction has been developed. The ring series are sensitive to the sum of rainfall from 26 February to 6 July. This region suffered from severe, long-lasting droughts in the past two millennia (e.g., AD 500/510s, 940s, 1170s, 1390s and 1160s). In the AD 550s, 1050s, 1310s and 1480s, multi-year periods with high rainfall hit the region.
Nils Weitzel, Andreas Hense, and Christian Ohlwein
Clim. Past, 15, 1275–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new method for probabilistic spatial reconstructions of past climate states is presented, which combines pollen data with a multi-model ensemble of climate simulations in a Bayesian framework. The approach is applied to reconstruct summer and winter temperature in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Our reconstructions account for multiple sources of uncertainty and are well suited for quantitative statistical analyses of the climate under different forcing conditions.
Inken Heidke, Denis Scholz, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Clim. Past, 15, 1025–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1025-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1025-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first quantitative study of lignin biomarkers in stalagmites and cave drip water. Lignin is only produced by higher plants; therefore, its analysis can be used to reconstruct the vegetation of the past. We compared our lignin results with stable isotope and trace element records from the same samples and found correlations or similarities with P, Ba, U and Mg concentrations as well as δ13C values. These results can help to better interpret other vegetation proxies.
Johannes Hepp, Lorenz Wüthrich, Tobias Bromm, Marcel Bliedtner, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Bruno Glaser, Kazimierz Rozanski, Frank Sirocko, Roland Zech, and Michael Zech
Clim. Past, 15, 713–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-713-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-713-2019, 2019
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marina V. Fonti, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander V. Shashkin, Irina P. Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Eugene A. Vaganov, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Markus Stoffel
Clim. Past, 15, 685–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique dataset of multiple tree-ring and stable isotope parameters, representing temperature-sensitive Siberian ecotones, to assess climatic impacts after six large stratospheric volcanic eruptions at 535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815, and 1991 CE. Besides the well-documented effects of temperature derived from tree-ring width and latewood density, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide information about moisture and sunshine duration changes after the events.
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Amy J. Dougherty, Jeong-Heon Choi, Chris S. M. Turney, and Anthony Dosseto
Clim. Past, 15, 389–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-389-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-389-2019, 2019
Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, John T. Andrews, David J. Harning, Leif S. Anderson, Christopher Florian, Darren J. Larsen, and Thor Thordarson
Clim. Past, 15, 25–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-25-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Compositing climate proxies in sediment from seven Iceland lakes documents abrupt summer cooling between 4.5 and 4.0 ka, statistically indistinguishable from 4.2 ka. Although the decline in summer insolation was an important factor, a combination of superposed changes in ocean circulation and explosive Icelandic volcanism were likely responsible for the abrupt perturbation recorded by our proxies. Lake and catchment proxies recovered to a colder equilibrium state following the perturbation.
Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, Yanjun Cai, Christoph Spötl, Gayatri Kathayat, Ashish Sinha, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Liangcheng Tan
Clim. Past, 14, 1805–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The collapses of several Neolithic cultures in China are considered to have been associated with abrupt climate change during the 4.2 ka BP event; however, the hydroclimate of this event in China is still poorly known. Based on stalagmite records from monsoonal China, we found that north China was dry but south China was wet during this event. We propose that the rain belt remained longer at its southern position, giving rise to a pronounced humidity gradient between north and south China.
Alice Callegaro, Dario Battistel, Natalie M. Kehrwald, Felipe Matsubara Pereira, Torben Kirchgeorg, Maria del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo, Broxton W. Bird, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past, 14, 1543–1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1543-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Holocene fires and vegetation are reconstructed using different molecular markers with a single analytical method, applied for the first time to lake sediments from Tibet. The early Holocene shows oscillations between grasses and conifers, with smouldering fires represented by levoglucosan peaks, and high-temperature fires represented by PAHs. The lack of human FeSts excludes local human influence on fire and vegetation changes. Late Holocene displays an increase in local to regional combustion.
Kees Nooren, Wim Z. Hoek, Brian J. Dermody, Didier Galop, Sarah Metcalfe, Gerald Islebe, and Hans Middelkoop
Clim. Past, 14, 1253–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1253-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1253-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new palaeoclimatic records for the central Maya lowlands, adding valuable new insights to the impact of climate change on the development of Maya civilisation. Lake Tuspan's diatom record is indicative of precipitation changes at a local scale, while a beach ridge elevation record from the world's largest late Holocene beach ridge plain provides a regional picture.
Markus Czymzik, Raimund Muscheler, Florian Adolphi, Florian Mekhaldi, Nadine Dräger, Florian Ott, Michał Słowinski, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, Ala Aldahan, Göran Possnert, and Achim Brauer
Clim. Past, 14, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-687-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our results provide a proof of concept for facilitating 10Be in varved lake sediments as a novel synchronization tool required for investigating leads and lags of proxy responses to climate variability. They also point to some limitations of 10Be in these archives mainly connected to in-lake sediment resuspension processes.
Darrell S. Kaufman and PAGES 2k special-issue editorial team
Clim. Past, 14, 593–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explain the procedure used to attain a high and consistent level of data stewardship across a special issue of the journal Climate of the Past. We discuss the challenges related to (1) determining which data are essential for public archival, (2) using data generated by others, and (3) understanding data citations. We anticipate that open-data sharing in paleo sciences will accelerate as the advantages become more evident and as practices that reduce data loss become the accepted convention.
Haipeng Wang, Jianhui Chen, Shengda Zhang, David D. Zhang, Zongli Wang, Qinghai Xu, Shengqian Chen, Shijin Wang, Shichang Kang, and Fahu Chen
Clim. Past, 14, 383–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-383-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-383-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The chironomid-inferred temperature record from Gonghai Lake exhibits a stepwise decreasing trend since 4 ka. A cold event in the Era of Disunity, the Sui-Tang Warm Period, the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age can all be recognized in our record, as well as in many other temperature reconstructions in China. Local wars in Shanxi Province, documented in the historical literature during the past 2700 years, are statistically significantly correlated with changes in temperature.
Hansi K. A. Singh, Gregory J. Hakim, Robert Tardif, Julien Emile-Geay, and David C. Noone
Clim. Past, 14, 157–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is prominent in the climate system. We study the AMO over the last 2000 years using a novel proxy framework, the Last Millennium Reanalysis. We find that the AMO is linked to continental warming, Arctic sea ice retreat, and an Atlantic precipitation shift. Low clouds decrease globally. We find no distinct multidecadal spectral peak in the AMO over the last 2 millennia, suggesting that human activities may have enhanced the AMO in the modern era.
Ny Riavo Gilbertinie Voarintsoa, Loren Bruce Railsback, George Albert Brook, Lixin Wang, Gayatri Kathayat, Hai Cheng, Xianglei Li, Richard Lawrence Edwards, Amos Fety Michel Rakotondrazafy, and Marie Olga Madison Razanatseheno
Clim. Past, 13, 1771–1790, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1771-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This research has been an investigation of two stalagmites from two caves in NW Madagascar to reconstruct the region's paleoenvironmental changes, and to understand the linkage of such changes to the dynamics of the ITCZ. Stable isotopes, mineralogy, and petrography suggest wetter climate conditions than today during the early and late Holocene, when the mean ITCZ was south, and drier during the mid-Holocene when the ITCZ was north.
Wei Ding, Qinghai Xu, and Pavel E. Tarasov
Clim. Past, 13, 1285–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1285-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1285-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen-based past climate reconstruction for regions with long-term human occupation is always controversial. We examined the bias induced by the human impact on vegetation in a climate reconstruction for temperate eastern China by comparing the deviations in the reconstructed results for a fossil record based on two pollen–climate calibration sets. Climatic signals in pollen assemblages are indeed obscured by human impact; however, the extent of the bias could be assessed.
Oliver Rach, Ansgar Kahmen, Achim Brauer, and Dirk Sachse
Clim. Past, 13, 741–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-741-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-741-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, reconstructions of past changes in the hydrological cycle are usually qualitative, which is a major drawback for testing the accuracy of models in predicting future responses. Here we present a proof of concept of a novel approach to deriving quantitative paleohydrological data, i.e. changes in relative humidity, from lacustrine sediment archives, employing a combination of organic geochemical methods and plant physiological modeling.
Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Eduardo Zorita, Christoph C. Raible, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 13, 629–648, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-629-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution aims at assessing to what extent the analogue method, a classic technique used in other branches of meteorology and climatology, can be used to perform gridded reconstructions of annual temperature based on the limited information from available but un-calibrated proxies spread across different locations of the world. We conclude that it is indeed possible, albeit with certain limitations that render the method comparable to more classic techniques.
Atsushi Okazaki and Kei Yoshimura
Clim. Past, 13, 379–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-379-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-379-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Data assimilation has been successfully applied in the field of paleoclimatology to reconstruct past climate. However, data reconstructed from proxies have been assimilated, as opposed to the actual proxy values, which prevented full utilization of the information recorded in the proxies. This study propose a new data assimilation system in which actual proxy data are directly assimilated.
Enlou Zhang, Jie Chang, Yanmin Cao, Hongqu Tang, Pete Langdon, James Shulmeister, Rong Wang, Xiangdong Yang, and Ji Shen
Clim. Past, 13, 185–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-185-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-185-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first development of sub-fossil chironomid-based mean July temperature transfer functions from China. The transfer functions yield reliable reconstructions that are comparable to the instrumental record. The application of this new tool will provide long-term quantitative palaeoclimate estimates from south-western China which is a critical region for understanding the dynamic and evolution of the Indian Ocean south-west Monsoon system.
Kira Rehfeld, Mathias Trachsel, Richard J. Telford, and Thomas Laepple
Clim. Past, 12, 2255–2270, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2255-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Indirect evidence on past climate comes from the former composition of ecological communities such as plants, preserved as pollen grains in sediments of lakes. Transfer functions convert relative counts of species to a climatologically meaningful scale (e.g. annual mean temperature in degrees C). We show that the fundamental assumptions in the algorithms impact the reconstruction results in he idealized model world, in particular if the reconstructed variables were not ecologically relevant.
Qing Yang, Xiaoqiang Li, Xinying Zhou, Keliang Zhao, and Nan Sun
Clim. Past, 12, 2229–2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2229-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2229-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The fossilized seeds of common millet are suited to the production of quantitative Holocene precipitation reconstructions. Our reconstructed results showed that summer precipitation from 7.7–3.4 ka BP was ~ 50 mm, or 17 % higher than present levels. Maximal mean summer precipitation peaked at 414 mm during 6.1–5.5 ka BP, ~ 109 mm, or 36 % higher than today, indicating the EASM peaked at this time. This work can provide a new proxy for further research into continuous paleoprecipitation sequences.
Michael Deininger, Martin Werner, and Frank McDermott
Clim. Past, 12, 2127–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2127-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2127-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the NAO (Northern Atlantic Oscillation)-related mechanisms that control winter precipitation stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients across Europe. The results show that past longitudinal stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope gradients in European rainfall stored in palaeoclimate archives (e.g. speleothems) can be used to infer the past winter NAO modes from its variations.
Liangjun Zhu, Yuandong Zhang, Zongshan Li, Binde Guo, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 12, 1485–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 368-year late summer maximum temperature reconstruction based on spruce tree rings. It touches on the critical topic of climate reconstruction in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau and represents an extension and enhancement of climate records for this area. The Little Ice Age was well represented and 20th century warming was not obvious in this reconstruction. This temperature variation may be affected by global land–sea atmospheric circulation as well as solar and volcanic forcing.
Frazer Matthews-Bird, Stephen J. Brooks, Philip B. Holden, Encarni Montoya, and William D. Gosling
Clim. Past, 12, 1263–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1263-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Chironomidae are a family of two-winged aquatic fly of the order Diptera. The family is species rich (> 5000 described species) and extremely sensitive to environmental change, particualy temperature. Across the Northern Hemisphere, chironomids have been widely used as paleotemperature proxies as the chitinous remains of the insect are readily preserved in lake sediments. This is the first study using chironomids as paleotemperature proxies in tropical South America.
Karsten Schittek, Sebastian T. Kock, Andreas Lücke, Jonathan Hense, Christian Ohlendorf, Julio J. Kulemeyer, Liliana C. Lupo, and Frank Schäbitz
Clim. Past, 12, 1165–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cushion peatlands are versatile climate archives for the study of past environmental changes. We present the environmental history for the last 2100 years of Cerro Tuzgle peatland, which is located in the NW Argentine Puna. The results reflect prominent late Holocene climate anomalies and provide evidence that Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations were extensive. Volcanic forcing at the beginning of the 19th century seems to have had an impact on climatic settings in the Central Andes
Nicholas P. McKay and Julien Emile-Geay
Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of accepted data formats and data standards in paleoclimatology is a growing problem that slows progress in the field. Here, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a data format for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).
Cited articles
Ardenghi, N., Mulch, A., Koutsodendris, A., Pross, J., Kahmen, A., and Niedermeyer, E. M.: Temperature and moisture variability in the eastern Mediterranean region during Marine Isotope Stages 11–10 based on biomarker analysis of the Tenaghi Philippon peat deposit, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 225, 105977, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105977, 2019.
Bader, J., Jungclaus, J., Krivova, N., Lorenz, S., Maycock, A., Raddatz, T., Schmidt, H., Toohey, M., Wu, C.-J., and Claussen, M.: Global temperature modes shed light on the Holocene temperature conundrum, Nat. Commun., 11, 4726, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18478-6, 2020.
Ball, D. F.: Loss-on-ignition as an estimate of organic matter and organic carbon in non-calcareous soils, J. Soil Sci., 15, 84–92, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1964.tb00247.x, 1964.
Birks, H. H. and Birks, H. J. B.: Multi-proxy studies in palaeolimnology, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 15, 235–251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-006-0066-6, 2006.
Birks, H. J. B. and Seppä, H.: Pollen-based reconstructions of late-Quaternary climate in Europe – progress, problems, and pitfalls, Acta Palaeobotanica, 44, 317–334, 2004.
Blaauw, M., Christen, J. A., Vázquez, J. E., and Goring, S.: clam: Classical Age-Depth Modelling of Cores from Deposits, RCRAN, https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002, 2022.
Blaga, C. I., Reichart, G.-J., Heiri, O., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Tetraether membrane lipid distributions in water-column particulate matter and sediments: a study of 47 European lakes along a north–south transect, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 523–540, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-008-9242-2, 2009.
Bradley, R. S.: Paleoclimatology: reconstructing climates of the quaternary, 3rd Edn., Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 675 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-18310-1, 2015.
Breiman, L.: Random Forests, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324, 2001.
Brewer, S., Guiot, J., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., and Klotz, S.: The climate in Europe during the Eemian: a multi-method approach using pollen data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 2303–2315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.029, 2008.
Broecker, W. S., Denton, G. H., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Alley, R. B., and Putnam, A. E.: Putting the Younger Dryas cold event into context, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1078–1081, 2010.
Cartapanis, O., Jonkers, L., Moffa-Sanchez, P., Jaccard, S. L., and de Vernal, A.: Complex spatio-temporal structure of the Holocene thermal maximum, Nat. Commun., 13, 5662, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33362-1, 2022.
Cheddadi, R., Yu, G., Guiot, J., Harrison, S. P., and Prentice, I. C.: The climate of Europe 6000 years ago, Clim. Dynam., 13, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050148, 1997.
Chen, Y., Zheng, F., Yang, H., Yang, W., Wu, R., Liu, X., Liang, H., Chen, H., Pei, H., Zhang, C., Pancost, R. D., and Zeng, Z.: The production of diverse brGDGTs by an Acidobacterium providing a physiological basis for paleoclimate proxies, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 337, 155–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.08.033, 2022.
Chevalier, M., Davis, B. A. S., Heiri, O., Seppä, H., Chase, B. M., Gajewski, K., Lacourse, T., Telford, R. J., Finsinger, W., Guiot, J., Kühl, N., Maezumi, S. Y., Tipton, J. R., Carter, V. A., Brussel, T., Phelps, L. N., Dawson, A., Zanon, M., Vallé, F., Nolan, C., Mauri, A., de Vernal, A., Izumi, K., Holmström, L., Marsicek, J., Goring, S., Sommer, P. S., Chaput, M., and Kupriyanov, D.: Pollen-based climate reconstruction techniques for late Quaternary studies, Earth-Sci. Rev., 210, 33, 2020.
Davies, S. J., Lamb, H. F., and Roberts, S. J.: Micro-XRF Core Scanning in Palaeolimnology: Recent Developments, in: Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores: Applications of a non-destructive tool for the environmental sciences, edited by: Croudace, I. W. and Rothwell, R. G., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 189–226, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_7, 2015.
Davis, B. A. S., Brewer, S., Stevenson, A. C., and Guiot, J.: The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1701–1716, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2, 2003.
Davtian, N., Bard, E., Darfeuil, S., Ménot, G., and Rostek, F.: The Novel Hydroxylated Tetraether Index RI-OH′ as a Sea Surface Temperature Proxy for the 160–45 ka BP Period Off the Iberian Margin, Palaeoceanography and Palaeoclimatology, 36, e2020PA004077, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004077, 2021.
de Beaulieu, J.-L.: Contribution pollenanalytique à l'histoire tardiglaciaire et holocène des Alpes méridionales françaises, Doctoral thesis, Université d'Aix-Marseille III, France, 358 pp., 490842065, 1977.
Dearing Crampton-Flood, E., Tierney, J. E., Peterse, F., Kirkels, F. M. S. A., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: BayMBT: A Bayesian calibration model for branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in soils and peats, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 268, 142–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.043, 2020.
De'Ath, G.: Boosted Trees for Ecological. Modelling and Prediction, Ecology, 88, 243–251, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[243:BTFEMA]2.0.CO;2, 2007.
de Beaulieu, J.-L. and Reille, M.: Paléoenvironnement tardiglaciaire et holocène des lacs de Pelléautier et Siguret (Hautes-Alpes, France). I. Histoire de la végétation d'après les analyses polliniques, Ecologia Mediterranea, 9, 19–36, 1983.
Decorsiere, J., Delamare-Deboutteville, J., and Lecerf, C.: Reconstitution de 13 500 ans d'histoire d'une tourbière dans le Sud de la France, Orpalm Synthesis, 12, 29–39, 2019.
De Jonge, C., Hopmans, E. C., Zell, C. I., Kim, J.-H., Schouten, S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Occurrence and abundance of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in soils: Implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 141, 97–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.013, 2014a.
De Jonge, C., Stadnitskaia, A., Hopmans, E. C., Cherkashov, G., Fedotov, A., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: In situ produced branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in suspended particulate matter from the Yenisei River, Eastern Siberia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 125, 476–491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.031, 2014b.
De Jonge, C., Radujković, D., Sigurdsson, B. D., Weedon, J. T., Janssens, I., and Peterse, F.: Lipid biomarker temperature proxy responds to abrupt shift in the bacterial community composition in geothermally heated soils, Org. Geochem., 137, 103897, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.07.006, 2019.
De Jonge, C., Kuramae, E. E., Radujković, D., Weedon, J. T., Janssens, I. A., and Peterse, F.: The influence of soil chemistry on branched tetraether lipids in mid- and high latitude soils: Implications for brGDGT-based palaeothermometry, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 310, 95–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037, 2021.
Denton, G. H., Anderson, R. F., Toggweiler, J. R., Edwards, R. L., Schaefer, J. M., and Putnam, A. E.: The Last Glacial Termination, Science, 328, 1652–1656, 2010.
Ding, S., Schwab, V. F., Ueberschaar, N., Roth, V.-N., Lange, M., Xu, Y., Gleixner, G., and Pohnert, G.: Identification of novel 7-methyl and cyclopentanyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in lake sediments, Org. Geochem., 102, 52–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.09.009, 2016.
Dray, S. and Josse, J.: Principal component analysis with missing values: a comparative survey of methods, Plant Ecol., 216, 657–667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0406-z, 2015.
Dugerdil, L., Joannin, S., Peyron, O., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Vannière, B., Boldgiv, B., Unkelbach, J., Behling, H., and Ménot, G.: Climate reconstructions based on GDGT and pollen surface datasets from Mongolia and Baikal area: calibrations and applicability to extremely cold–dry environments over the Late Holocene, Clim. Past, 17, 1199–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1199-2021, 2021a.
Dugerdil, L., Ménot, G., Peyron, O., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Ansanay-Alex, S., Antheaume, I., Behling, H., Boldgiv, B., Develle, A.-L., Grossi, V., Magail, J., Makou, M., Robles, M., Unkelbach, J., Vannière, B., and Joannin, S.: Late Holocene Mongolian climate and environment reconstructions from brGDGTs, NPPs and pollen transfer functions for Lake Ayrag: Palaeoclimate implications for Arid Central Asia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 273, 107235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107235, 2021b.
Duprat-Oualid, F., Bégeot, C., Peyron, O., Rius, D., Millet, L., and Magny, M.: High-frequency vegetation and climatic changes during the Lateglacial inferred from the Lapsou pollen record (Cantal, southern Massif Central, France), Quatern. Int., 636, 69–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2022.04.012, 2022.
Elith, J., Leathwick, J. R., and Hastie, T.: A working guide to boosted regression trees, J. Anim. Ecol., 77, 802–813, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01390.x, 2008.
Erb, M. P., McKay, N. P., Steiger, N., Dee, S., Hancock, C., Ivanovic, R. F., Gregoire, L. J., and Valdes, P.: Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation, Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022.
Fick, S. E. and Hijmans, R. J.: WorldClim 2: new 1 km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas, Int. J. Climatol., 37, 4302–4315, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086, 2017.
Grimm, E. C.: CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares, Comput. Geosci.-UK, 13, 13–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(87)90022-7, 1987.
Guiot, J.: Methodology of the last climatic cycle reconstruction in France from pollen data, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 80, 49–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(90)90033-4, 1990.
Halamka, T. A., Raberg, J. H., McFarlin, J. M., Younkin, A. D., Mulligan, C., Liu, X., and Kopf, S. H.: Production of diverse brGDGTs by Acidobacterium Solibacter usitatus in response to temperature, pH, and O2 provides a culturing perspective on br GDGT proxies and biosynthesis, Geobiology, 21, 102–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12525, 2023.
Harris, I., Osborn, T. J., Jones, P., and Lister, D.: Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate database, Sci. Data, 7, 109, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0453-3, 2020.
Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., Hausmann, S., and Kienast, F.: A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, Holocene, 13, 477–484, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl640ft, 2003.
Herzschuh, U., Böhmer, T., Chevalier, M., Hébert, R., Dallmeyer, A., Li, C., Cao, X., Peyron, O., Nazarova, L., Novenko, E. Y., Park, J., Rudaya, N. A., Schlütz, F., Shumilovskikh, L. S., Tarasov, P. E., Wang, Y., Wen, R., Xu, Q., and Zheng, Z.: Regional pollen-based Holocene temperature and precipitation patterns depart from the Northern Hemisphere mean trends, Clim. Past, 19, 1481–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1481-2023, 2023.
Hijmans, R. J., Phillips, S., Leathwick, J., and Elith, J.: dismo: Species Distribution Modeling, RCRAN, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dismo (last access: March 2023), 2022.
Hopmans, E. C., Weijers, J. W. H., Schefuß, E., Herfort, L., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 224, 107–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.012, 2004.
Hopmans, E. C., Schouten, S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: The effect of improved chromatography on GDGT-based palaeoproxies, Org. Geochem., 93, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.12.006, 2016.
Huguet, A., Fosse, C., Laggoun-Défarge, F., Toussaint, M.-L., and Derenne, S.: Occurrence and distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in a French peat bog, Org. Geochem., 41, 559–572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.015, 2010.
Huguet, C., Hopmans, E. C., Febo-Ayala, W., Thompson, D. H., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: An improved method to determine the absolute abundance of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids, Org. Geochem., 37, 1036–1041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.05.008, 2006.
Jalali, B., Sicre, M.-A., Bassetti, M.-A., and Kallel, N.: Holocene climate variability in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions), Clim. Past, 12, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-91-2016, 2016.
Joosten, H.: Current soil carbon loss and land degradation globally: where are the hotspots and why there?, CABI Books, 224–234, https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645322.0224, 2015.
Josse, J. and Husson, F.: missMDA: A Package for Handling Missing Values in Multivariate Data Analysis, J. Stat. Softw., 70, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v070.i01, 2016.
Juggins, S.: rioja: Analysis of Quaternary Science Data, RCRAN, https://cran.r-project.org/package=rioja (last access: March 2023), 2023.
Julve, P.: Les tourbières de France : répartition, caractères biogéographiques, fonctionnement écologique et dynamique, valeur patrimoniale (French Peat-bogs : localisation, biogeographic characters, ecological functionning, patrimonial value), Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 71, 287–293, https://doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1994.1748, 1994.
Kassambara, A. and Mundt, F.: factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses, RCRAN, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=factoextra (last access: July 2023), 2020.
Kaufman, D., McKay, N., Routson, C., Erb, M., Dätwyler, C., Sommer, P. S., Heiri, O., and Davis, B.: Holocene global mean surface temperature, a multi-method reconstruction approach, Sci. Data, 7, 201, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0530-7, 2020.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041335, 2004.
Lê, S., Josse, J., and Husson, F.: FactoMineR: A Package for Multivariate Analysis, J. Stat. Softw., 25, 1-18, 2008.
Le Houérou, H.-N.: Biogeography of the arid steppeland north of the Sahara, J. Arid Environ., 48, 103–128, 2001.
Li, J., Pancost, R. D., Naafs, B. D. A., Yang, H., Zhao, C., and Xie, S.: Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids in a hypersaline lake system, Org. Geochem., 99, 113–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.06.007, 2016.
Liaw, A. and Wiener, M.: Classification and Regression by randomForest, R News, 2, 18–22, 2002.
Liu, Z., Zhu, J., Rosenthal, Y., Zhang, X., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Timmermann, A., Smith, R. S., Lohmann, G., Zheng, W., and Elison Timm, O.: The Holocene temperature conundrum, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, E3501–E3505, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407229111, 2014.
Marcott, S. A., Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., and Mix, A. C.: A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11 300 Years, Science, 339, 1198–1201, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228026, 2013.
Marriner, N., Kaniewski, D., Pourkerman, M., and Devillers, B.: Anthropocene tipping point reverses long-term Holocene cooling of the Mediterranean Sea: A meta-analysis of the basin's Sea Surface Temperature records, Earth-Sci. Rev., 227, 103986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103986, 2022.
Marsicek, J., Shuman, B. N., Bartlein, P. J., Shafer, S. L., and Brewer, S.: Reconciling divergent trends and millennial variations in Holocene temperatures, Nature, 554, 19, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25464, 2018.
Martin, C., Ménot, G., Thouveny, N., Davtian, N., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Reille, M., and Bard, E.: Impact of human activities and vegetation changes on the tetraether sources in Lake St Front (Massif Central, France), Org. Geochem., 135, 38–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.06.005, 2019.
Martin, C., Ménot, G., Thouveny, N., Peyron, O., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Montade, V., Davtian, N., Reille, M., and Bard, E.: Early Holocene thermal maximum recorded by branched tetraethers and pollen in Western Europe (Massif Central, France), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 228, 106109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106109, 2020.
Martínez-Sosa, P., Tierney, J. E., Stefanescu, I. C., Dearing Crampton-Flood, E., Shuman, B. N., and Routson, C.: A global Bayesian temperature calibration for lacustrine brGDGTs, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 305, 87–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.04.038, 2021.
Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Collins, P. M., and Kaplan, J. O.: The influence of atmospheric circulation on the mid-Holocene climate of Europe: a data–model comparison, Clim. Past, 10, 1925–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1925-2014, 2014.
Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Collins, P. M., and Kaplan, J. O.: The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 112, 109–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.013, 2015.
Mayewski, P. A., Rohling, E. E., Curt Stager, J., Karlén, W., Maasch, K. A., Meeker, L. D., Meyerson, E. A., Gasse, F., van Kreveld, S., Holmgren, K., Lee-Thorp, J., Rosqvist, G., Rack, F., Staubwasser, M., Schneider, R. R., and Steig, E. J.: Holocene climate variability, Quaternary Res., 62, 243–255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.001, 2004.
Miras, Y., Vergne, V., Guenet, P., and Surmely, F.: Le Massif central: premières traces d'anthropisation révélées par l'analyse pollinique des zones humides corrélées aux données archéologiques, in: Néolithisation précoce. Premières traces d'anthropisation du couvert végétal à partir des données polliniques, edited by: Richard, H., Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, 89–106, https://hal.science/hal-00267413 (last access: October 2023), 2005.
Mohammad, A. G. and Adam, M. A.: The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses, CATENA, 81, 97–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008, 2010.
Moore, P. D.: The ecology of peat-forming processes: a review, Int. J. Coal Geol., 12, 89–103, 1989.
Muller, S. D., Brémond, L., Girard, V., and Terral, J.-F.: Végétation de la tourbière de Canroute, dans les Monts de Lacaune (Le Margnès, Tarn), Orpalm Synthesis, 11, 9–13, 2018.
Naafs, B. D. A., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Inglis, G. N., and Pancost, R. D.: Refining the global branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) soil temperature calibration, Org. Geochem., 106, 48–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.01.009, 2017a.
Naafs, B. D. A., Inglis, G. N., Zheng, Y., Amesbury, M. J., Biester, H., Bindler, R., Blewett, J., Burrows, M. A., Del Castillo Torres, D., Chambers, F. M., Cohen, A. D., Evershed, R. P., Feakins, S. J., Gałka, M., Gallego-Sala, A., Gandois, L., Gray, D. M., Hatcher, P. G., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Hughes, P. D. M., Huguet, A., Könönen, M., Laggoun-Défarge, F., Lähteenoja, O., Lamentowicz, M., Marchant, R., McClymont, E., Pontevedra-Pombal, X., Ponton, C., Pourmand, A., Rizzuti, A. M., Rochefort, L., Schellekens, J., De Vleeschouwer, F., and Pancost, R. D.: Introducing global peat-specific temperature and pH calibrations based on brGDGT bacterial lipids, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 208, 285–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.038, 2017b.
Naafs, B. D. A., Inglis, G. N., Blewett, J., McClymont, E. L., Lauretano, V., Xie, S., Evershed, R. P., and Pancost, R. D.: The potential of biomarker proxies to trace climate, vegetation, and biogeochemical processes in peat: A review, Global Planet. Change, 179, 57–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.05.006, 2019.
Naafs, B. D. A., Oliveira, A. S. F., and Mulholland, A. J.: Molecular dynamics simulations support the hypothesis that the brGDGT paleothermometer is based on homeoviscous adaptation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 312, 44–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.034, 2021.
NASA JPL: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL1.003, 2013.
Pearson, A. and Ingalls, A. E.: Assessing the Use of Archaeal Lipids as Marine Environmental Proxies, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 41, 359–384, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-123947, 2013.
Pearson, E. J., Juggins, S., Talbot, H. M., Weckström, J., Rosén, P., Ryves, D. B., Roberts, S. J., and Schmidt, R.: A lacustrine GDGT-temperature calibration from the Scandinavian Arctic to Antarctic: Renewed potential for the application of GDGT-palaeothermometry in lakes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 6225–6238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.042, 2011.
Peterse, F., van der Meer, J., Schouten, S., Weijers, J. W. H., Fierer, N., Jackson, R. B., Kim, J.- H., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Revised calibration of the MBT–CBT palaeotemperature proxy based on branched tetraether membrane lipids in surface soils, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 96, 215–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.011, 2012.
Peyron, O., Bégeot, C., Brewer, S., Heiri, O., Magny, M., Millet, L., Ruffaldi, P., Van Campo, E., and Yu, G.: Late-Glacial climatic changes in Eastern France (Lake Lautrey) from pollen, lake-levels, and chironomids, Quaternary Res., 64, 197–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.01.006, 2005.
Peyron, O., Goring, S., Dormoy, I., Kotthoff, U., Pross, J., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Drescher-Schneider, R., Vannière, B., and Magny, M.: Holocene seasonality changes in the central Mediterranean region reconstructed from the pollen sequences of Lake Accesa (Italy) and Tenaghi Philippon (Greece), Holocene, 21, 131–146, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610384162, 2011.
Peyron, O., Magny, M., Goring, S., Joannin, S., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Brugiapaglia, E., Sadori, L., Garfi, G., Kouli, K., Ioakim, C., and Combourieu-Nebout, N.: Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data, Clim. Past, 9, 1233–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1233-2013, 2013.
Peyron, O., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Brayshaw, D., Goring, S., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Desprat, S., Fletcher, W., Gambin, B., Ioakim, C., Joannin, S., Kotthoff, U., Kouli, K., Montade, V., Pross, J., Sadori, L., and Magny, M.: Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen records: a model–data comparison, Clim. Past, 13, 249–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-249-2017, 2017.
Ponel, P., Guiter, F., Gandouin, E., Peyron, O., and Beaulieu, J.-L. D.: Late-Glacial palaeotemperatures and palaeoprecipitations in the Aubrac Mountains (French Massif Central) reconstructed from multiproxy analyses (Coleoptera, chironomids and pollen), Quatern. Int., 636, 39–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2022.02.005, 2022.
Posit team: RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R, Posit Software, PBC, Boston, MA, http://www.posit.co/ (last access: July 2023), 2023.
Prasad, A. M., Iverson, L. R., and Liaw, A.: Newer Classification and Regression Tree Techniques: Bagging and Random Forests for Ecological Prediction, Ecosystems, 9, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0054-1, 2006.
QGIS.org: QGIS Geographic Information System, QGIS Association, https://www.qgis.org/ (last access: February 2023), 2022.
Raberg, J. H., Harning, D. J., Crump, S. E., de Wet, G., Blumm, A., Kopf, S., Geirsdóttir, Á., Miller, G. H., and Sepúlveda, J.: Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments, Biogeosciences, 18, 3579–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, 2021.
Raberg, J. H., Miller, G. H., Geirsdóttir, Á., and Sepúlveda, J.: Near-universal trends in brGDGT lipid distributions in nature, Sci. Adv., 8, eabm7625, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm7625, 2022.
Ramos-Román, M. J., De Jonge, C., Magyari, E., Veres, D., Ilvonen, L., Develle, A.-L., and Seppä, H.: Lipid biomarker (brGDGT)- and pollen-based reconstruction of temperature change during the Middle to Late Holocene transition in the Carpathians, Global Planet. Change, 215, 103859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103859, 2022.
Rao, Z., Guo, H., Wei, S., Cao, J., and Jia, G.: Influence of water conditions on peat brGDGTs: A modern investigation and its palaeoclimatic implications, Chem. Geol., 606, 120993, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120993, 2022.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org (last access: August 2023), 2022.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Turney, C. S. M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Köhler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S.: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020.
Renssen, H., Seppä, H., Crosta, X., Goosse, H., and Roche, D. M.: Global characterization of the Holocene thermal maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 48, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.022, 2012.
Robles, M., Peyron, O., Brugiapaglia, E., Ménot, G., Dugerdil, L., Ollivier, V., Ansanay-Alex, S., Develle, A.-L., Tozalakyan, P., Meliksetian, K., Sahakyan, K., Sahakyan, L., Perello, B., Badalyan, R., Colombié, C., and Joannin, S.: Impact of climate changes on vegetation and human societies during the Holocene in the South Caucasus (Vanevan, Armenia): A multiproxy approach including pollen, NPPs and brGDGTs, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 277, 107297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107297, 2022.
Robles, M., Peyron, O., Ménot, G., Brugiapaglia, E., Wulf, S., Appelt, O., Blache, M., Vannière, B., Dugerdil, L., Paura, B., Ansanay-Alex, S., Cromartie, A., Charlet, L., Guédron, S., de Beaulieu, J.-L., and Joannin, S.: Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy, Clim. Past, 19, 493–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, 2023.
Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., García-Alix, A., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Ramos-Román, M. J., Camuera, J., Toney, J. L., Sachse, D., Anderson, R. S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Palaeoclimate reconstruction of the last 36 kyr based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Padul palaeolake record (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 281, 107434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107434, 2022.
Russell, J. M., Hopmans, E. C., Loomis, S. E., Liang, J., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Distributions of 5- and 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in East African lake sediment: Effects of temperature, pH, and new lacustrine palaeotemperature calibrations, Org. Geochem., 117, 56–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.12.003, 2018.
Sahonero-Canavesi, D. X., Siliakus, M. F., Abdala Asbun, A., Koenen, M., Von Meijenfeldt, F. A. B., Boeren, S., Bale, N. J., Engelman, J. C., Fiege, K., Strack Van Schijndel, L., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Villanueva, L.: Disentangling the lipid divide: Identification of key enzymes for the biosynthesis of membrane-spanning and ether lipids in Bacteria, Sci. Adv., 8, eabq8652, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq8652, 2022.
Salonen, J. S., Korpela, M., Williams, J. W., and Luoto, M.: Machine-learning based reconstructions of primary and secondary climate variables from North American and European fossil pollen data, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 15805, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52293-4, 2019.
Samartin, S., Heiri, O., Joos, F., Renssen, H., Franke, J., Brönnimann, S., and Tinner, W.: Warm Mediterranean mid-Holocene summers inferred from fossil midge assemblages, Nat. Geosci., 10, 207–212, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2891, 2017.
Schouten, S., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Durisch-Kaiser, E., Schubert, C. J., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the water column of Lake Tanganyika, Org. Geochem., 53, 34–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.01.009, 2012.
Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: The organic geochemistry of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids: A review, Org. Geochem., 54, 19–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.09.006, 2013.
Sennès, V.: Les tourbières de l'Europe de l'ouest, Travaux du Laboratoire de Géographie Physique Appliquée, 22, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.3406/tlgpa.2003.1008, 2004.
Seppä, H. and Bennett, K. D.: Quaternary pollen analysis: recent progress in palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology, Prog. Phys. Geog., 27, 548–579, 2003.
Silva-Sánchez, N., Martínez Cortizas, A., and López-Merino, L.: Linking forest cover, soil erosion and mire hydrology to late-Holocene human activity and climate in NW Spain, Holocene, 24, 714–725, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614526934, 2014.
Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Spatial heterogeneity of sources of branched tetraethers in shelf systems: The geochemistry of tetraethers in the Berau River delta (Kalimantan, Indonesia), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 186, 13–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.033, 2016.
Smith, A. C., Wynn, P. M., Barker, P. A., Leng, M. J., Noble, S. R., and Tych, W.: North Atlantic forcing of moisture delivery to Europe throughout the Holocene, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 24745, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24745, 2016.
Sugita, S., Parshall, T., and Calcote, R.: Detecting differences in vegetation among paired sites using pollen records, Holocene, 16, 1123–1135, 2006.
Sun, Q., Chu, G., Liu, M., Xie, M., Li, S., Ling, Y., Wang, X., Shi, L., Jia, G., and Lü, H.: Distributions and temperature dependence of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in recent lacustrine sediments from China and Nepal, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 116, G01008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001365, 2011.
ter Braak, C. J. F. and Juggins, S.: Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages | SpringerLink, Hydrobiologia, 269/270, 485–502, 1993.
Turner, M. G., Wei, D., Prentice, I. C., and Harrison, S. P.: The impact of methodological decisions on climate reconstructions using WA-PLS, Quaternary Res., 99, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.44, 2021.
van Andel, T. H., Zangger, E., and Demitrack, A.: Land Use and Soil Erosion in Prehistoric and Historical Greece, J. Field Archaeol., 17, 379–396, 1990.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., and Kinzig, A. P.: Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems, Ecol. Soc., 9, art5, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205, 2004.
Wanner, H.: Late-Holocene: Cooler or warmer?, Holocene, 31, 1501–1506, https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211019106, 2021.
Watson, B. I., Williams, J. W., Russell, J. M., Jackson, S. T., Shane, L., and Lowell, T. V.: Temperature variations in the southern Great Lakes during the last deglaciation: Comparison between pollen and GDGT proxies, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 182, 78–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.011, 2018.
Weber, Y., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Zopfi, J., De Jonge, C., Gilli, A., Schubert, C. J., Lepori, F., Lehmann, M. F., and Niemann, H.: Redox-dependent niche differentiation provides evidence for multiple bacterial sources of glycerol tetraether lipids in lakes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 10926–10931, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805186115, 2018.
Weijers, J. W. H., Schouten, S., Linden, M., Geel, B., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Water table related variations in the abundance of intact archaeal membrane lipids in a Swedish peat bog, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 239, 51–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.08.012, 2004.
Weijers, J. W. H., Schouten, S., Spaargaren, O. C., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index, Org. Geochem., 37, 1680–1693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.07.018, 2006.
Weijers, J. W. H., Schouten, S., van den Donker, J. C., Hopmans, E. C., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Environmental controls on bacterial tetraether membrane lipid distribution in soils, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 703–713, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.003, 2007.
Weijers, J. W. H., Panoto, E., van Bleijswijk, J., Schouten, S., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Balk, M., Stams, A. J. M., and Damsté, J. S. S.: Constraints on the Biological. Source(s) of the Orphan Branched Tetraether Membrane Lipids, Geomicrobiol. J., 26, 402–414, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450902937293, 2009.
Wickham, H.: Data Analysis, in: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, edited by: Wickham, H., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 189–201, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9, 2016.
Xiao, W., Wang, Y., Zhou, S., Hu, L., Yang, H., and Xu, Y.: Ubiquitous production of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in global marine environments: a new source indicator for brGDGTs, Biogeosciences, 13, 5883–5894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5883-2016, 2016.
Xiong, Q., Pan, K., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Li, W., He, X., and Luo, H.: Warming and nitrogen deposition are interactive in shaping surface soil microbial communities near the alpine timberline zone on the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, southwestern China, Appl. Soil Ecol., 101, 72–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.01.011, 2016.
Yang, H., Pancost, R. D., Dang, X., Zhou, X., Evershed, R. P., Xiao, G., Tang, C., Gao, L., Guo, Z., and Xie, S.: Correlations between microbial tetraether lipids and environmental variables in Chinese soils: Optimizing the palaeo-reconstructions in semi-arid and arid regions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 126, 49–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.041, 2014.
Yang, H., Xiao, W., Słowakiewicz, M., Ding, W., Ayari, A., Dang, X., and Pei, H.: Depth-dependent variation of archaeal ether lipids along soil and peat profiles from southern China: Implications for the use of isoprenoidal GDGTs as environmental tracers, Org. Geochem., 128, 42–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.12.009, 2019.
Yurtsev, B. A.: 9 – Relics of the xerophyte vegetation in Beringia in northeastern Asia, in: Paleoecology of Beringia, edited by: Hopkins, D. M., Matthews, J. V., Schweger, C. E., and Young, S. B., Academic Press, 157–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-355860-2.50018-1, 1982.
Zeng, Z., Chen, H., Yang, H., Chen, Y., Yang, W., Feng, X., Pei, H., and Welander, P. V.: Identification of a protein responsible for the synthesis of archaeal membrane-spanning GDGT lipids, Nat. Commun., 13, 1545, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29264-x, 2022.
Zhao, B., Russell, J. M., Tsai, V. C., Blaus, A., Parish, M. C., Liang, J., Wilk, A., Du, X., and Bush, M. B.: Evaluating global temperature calibrations for lacustrine branched GDGTs: Seasonal variability, paleoclimate implications, and future directions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 310, 108124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108124, 2023.
Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Wang, Z., Naafs, B. D. A., Yu, X., and Pancost, R. D.: Peatland GDGT re- cords of Holocene climatic and biogeochemical responses to the Asian Monsoon, Org. Geochem., 87, 86–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.07.012, 2015.
Zheng, Y., Pancost, R. D., Naafs, B. D. A., Li, Q., Liu, Z., and Yang, H.: Transition from a warm and dry to a cold and wet climate in NE China across the Holocene, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 493, 36–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.019, 2018.
Short summary
In southern Europe, Holocene climate variability is characterized by a strong heterogeneity whose patterns are still poorly understood. Here, a multi-proxy approach (pollen and biomarkers) is applied to the Canroute sequence to reconstruct the climatic variation over the last 15 000 years in southern Massif Central, France. Results reveal that reconstructions of regional climate trends notably differ depending on proxies and sites, notably concerning the presence of a Holocene thermal maximum.
In southern Europe, Holocene climate variability is characterized by a strong heterogeneity...
