Bemis, B. E., Spero, H. J., Bijma, J., and Lea, D. W.: Reevaluation of the
oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: Experimental results
and revised paleotemperature equations, Paleoceanography, 13, 150–160,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA00070, 1998.
Bemis, B. E., Spero, H. J., Lea, D. W., and Bijma, J.: Temperature influence
on the carbon isotopic composition of Globigerina bulloides and Orbulina
universa (planktonic foraminifera), Mar. Micropaleontol., 38, 213–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00006-2, 2000.
Bereiter, B., Eggleston, S., Schmitt, J., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Stocker, T.
F., Fischer, H., Kipfstuhl, S., and Chappellaz, J.: Revision of the EPICA
Dome C
CO2 record from 800 to 600 kyr before present, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
42, 542–549, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061957, 2015.
Berner, R. A.: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels Over Phanerozoic Time,
Science, 249, 1382–1386,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4975.1382, 1990.
Blanc, P.-L. and Bé, A. W. H.: Oxygen-18 Enrichment of Planktonic
Foraminifera Due to Gametogenic Calcification Below the Euphotic Zone,
Science, 213, 1247–1250,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4513.1247, 1981.
Bolton, C. T. and Stoll, H. M.: Late Miocene threshold response of marine
algae to carbon dioxide limitation, Nature, 500, 558–562,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12448, 2013.
Bolton, C. T., Stoll, H. M., and Mendez-Vicente, A.: Vital effects in
coccolith calcite: Cenozoic climate-
pCO2 drove the diversity of carbon
acquisition strategies in coccolithophores?, Paleoceanography, 27, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002339, 2012.
Broecker, W.:
CO2: Earth's Climate Driver, Geochem. Perspect., 7,
117–196, https://doi.org/10.7185/geochempersp.7.2, 2018.
Broecker, W. S.: Glacial to interglacial changes in ocean chemistry, Prog.
Oceanogr., 11, 151–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(82)90007-6, 1982.
Brownlee, C. and Taylor, A.: Calcification in coccolithophores: A cellular perspective, in: Coccolithophores, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_2, 2004.
Burkhardt, S., Riebesell, U., and Zondervan, I.: Effects of growth rate,
CO2
concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in
marine phytoplankton, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 63, 3729–3741,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00217-3, 1999.
Calov, R., Ganopolski, A., Claussen, M., Petoukhov, V., and Greve, R.:
Transient simulation of the last glacial inception. Part I: Glacial
inception as a bifurcation in the climate system, Clim. Dynam., 24, 545–561,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0007-6, 2005.
Calvo, E., Villanueva, J., Grimalt, J. O., Boelaert, A., and Labeyrie, L.:
New insights into the glacial latitudinal temperature gradients in the North
Atlantic. Results from U37K
′ sea surface temperatures and
terrigenous inputs, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 188, 509–519,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00316-8, 2001.
Calvo, E., Grimalt, J., and Jansen, E.: High resolution U37K sea surface
temperature reconstruction in the Norwegian Sea during the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1385–1394, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00096-8,
2002.
Candelier, Y., Minoletti, F., Probert, I., and Hermoso, M.: Temperature
dependence of oxygen isotope fractionation in coccolith calcite: A culture
and core top calibration of the genus Calcidiscus, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
100, 264–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.040, 2013.
Cavaleiro, C., Voelker, A. H. L., Stoll, H., Baumann, K.-H., Kulhanek, D.
K., Naafs, B. D. A., Stein, R., Grützner, J., Ventura, C., and Kucera,
M.: Insolation forcing of coccolithophore productivity in the North Atlantic
during the Middle Pleistocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 191, 318–336,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.027, 2018.
Conte, M. H., Sicre, M. A., Rühlemann, C., Weber, J. C., Schulte, S.,
Schulz-Bull, D., and Blanz, T.: Global temperature calibration of the
alkenone unsaturation index (U
) in surface waters and comparison with
surface sediments, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 7, Q02005,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001054, 2006.
Deaney, E. L., Barker, S., and Van De Flierdt, T.: Timing and nature of AMOC
recovery across Termination 2 and magnitude of deglacial
CO2 change, Nat.
Commun., 8, 14595, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14595, 2017.
de Vargas, C., Aubry, M. P., Probert, I., and Young, J.: Origin and Evolution of Coccolithophores: From Coastal Hunters to Oceanic Farmers, in: Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea, Elsevier, 251–285,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370518-1/50013-8, 2007.
de Vernal, A., Eynaud, F., Henry, M., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Londeix, L.,
Mangin, S., Matthiessen, J., Marret, F., Radi, T., Rochon, A., Solignac, S.,
and Turon, J. L.: Reconstruction of sea-surface conditions at middle to high
latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 897–924,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.014, 2005.
Drysdale, R. N., Zanchetta, G., Hellstrom, J. C., Fallick, A. E., and Zhao,
J. X.: Stalagmite evidence for the onset of the Last Interglacial in
southern Europe at
129±1 ka, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024658, 2005.
Duchamp-Alphonse, S., Siani, G., Michel, E., Beaufort, L., Gally, Y., and
Jaccard, S. L.: Enhanced ocean-atmosphere carbon partitioning via the
carbonate counter pump during the last deglacial, Nat. Commun., 9, 2396,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04625-7, 2018.
Dudley, W. C., Blackwelder, P., Brand, L., and Duplessy, J. C.: Stable
isotopic composition of coccoliths, Mar. Micropaleontol., 10, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(86)90021-6, 1986.
Foster, G. L.: Seawater
pH, p
CO2 and [
CO2−3] variations in the Caribbean Sea
over the last 130 kyr: A boron isotope and B/Ca study of planktic
foraminifera, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 271, 254–266,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.015, 2008.
Govin, A., Capron, E., Tzedakis, P. C., Verheyden, S., Ghaleb, B.,
Hillaire-Marcel, C., St-Onge, G., Stoner, J. S., Bassinot, F., Bazin, L.,
Blunier, T., Combourieu-Nebout, N., El Ouahabi, A., Genty, D., Gersonde, R.,
Jimenez-Amat, P., Landais, A., Martrat, B., Masson-Delmotte, V., Parrenin,
F., Seidenkrantz, M. S., Veres, D., Waelbroeck, C., and Zahn, R.: Sequence
of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating
strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 129, 1–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018,
2015.
Gray, W. R. and Evans, D.: Nonthermal Influences on Mg/Ca in Planktonic
Foraminifera: A Review of Culture Studies and Application to the Last
Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34, 306–315,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003517, 2019.
Henderiks, J.: Coccolithophore size rules – Reconstructing ancient cell
geometry and cellular calcite quota from fossil coccoliths, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 67, 143–154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.005, 2008.
Herbert, T. D.: Alkenone Paleotemperature Determinations, in: Treatise on
Geochemistry, 6–9, 391–432,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/06115-6, 2003.
Herbert, T. D., Lawrence, K. T., Tzanova, A., Peterson, L. C.,
Caballero-Gill, R., and Kelly, C. S.: Late Miocene global cooling and the
rise of modern ecosystems, Nat. Geosci., 9, 843–847,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2813, 2016.
Hermoso, M.: Coccolith-Derived Isotopic Proxies in Palaeoceanography: Where
Geologists Need Biologists, Cryptogamie Algol., 35, 323–351,
https://doi.org/10.7872/crya.v35.iss4.2014.323, 2014.
Hermoso, M.: Isotopic record of Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles in
pelagic carbonates: Revisiting historical data from the Caribbean Sea, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 137, 69–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.02.003,
2016.
Hermoso, M., Candelier, Y., Browning, T. J., and Minoletti, F.:
Environmental control of the isotopic composition of subfossil coccolith
calcite: Are laboratory culture data transferable to the natural
environment?, 7, 35–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.05.002, 2015.
Hermoso, M., Minoletti, F., Aloisi, G., Bonifacie, M., McClelland, H. L. O.,
Labourdette, N., Renforth, P., Chaduteau, C., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: An
explanation for the
18O excess in Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith calcite,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 189, 132–142,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.016, 2016a.
Hermoso, M., Chan, I. Z. X., McClelland, H. L. O., Heureux, A. M. C., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: Vanishing coccolith vital effects with alleviated carbon limitation, Biogeosciences, 13, 301–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-301-2016, 2016b.
Hermoso, M., Godbillot, C., and Minoletti, F.: Enhancing Our
Palaeoceanographic Toolbox Using Paired Foraminiferal and Coccolith Calcite
Measurements From Pelagic Sequences, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00038, 2020a.
Hermoso, M., McClelland, H.-L. O., Hirst, J. S., Minoletti, F., Bonifacie,
M., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: Towards the use of the coccolith vital effects in
palaeoceanography: A field investigation during the middle Miocene in the SW
Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 38, 103262,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103262, 2020b.
Huete-Ortega, M., Cermeño, P., Calvo-Díaz, A., and Marañón,
E.: Isometric size-scaling of metabolic rate and the size abundance
distribution of phytoplankton, P. Roy. Soc. B.-Biol. Sci., 279, 1815–1823,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2257, 2012.
Jasper, J. P., Hayes, J. M., Mix, A. C., and Prahl, F. G.: Photosynthetic
fractionation of
13C and concentrations of dissolved
CO2 in the central
equatorial Pacific during the last 255,000 years, Paleoceanography, 9,
781–798, https://doi.org/10.1029/94PA02116, 1994.
Jiménez-Amat, P. and Zahn, R.: Offset timing of climate oscillations
during the last two glacial-interglacial transitions connected with
large-scale freshwater perturbation, Paleoceanography, 30, 768–788,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002710, 2015.
Jin, X., Liu, C., Zhang, H., Zhou, C., Jiang, X., Wu, Z., and Xu, J.:
Evolutionary driven of Gephyrocapsa coccolith isotopic vital effects over
the past 400 ka, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 503, 236–247,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.09.010, 2018.
Kahn, M. I. and Williams, D. F.: Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of
living planktonic foraminifera from the northeast Pacific Ocean,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 33, 47–69,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(81)90032-8, 1981.
Kim, S.-T. and O'Neil, J. R.: Equilibrium and nonequilibrium oxygen isotope
effects in synthetic carbonates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 3461–3475,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00169-5, 1997.
Lévy, M., Lehahn, Y., André, J. M., Mémery, L., Loisel, H., and
Heifetz, E.: Production regimes in the northeast Atlantic: A study based on
Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll and ocean
general circulation model mixed layer depth, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110,
1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002771, 2005.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57
globally distributed benthic
δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20,
1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Stern, J. V: Regional and global benthic
δ18O
stacks for the last glacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 31, 1368–1394,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA003002, 2016.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H.
E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Johnson, D.
R., Hamilton, M., and Seidov, D.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 1:
Temperature, edited by: Levitus, S. and Mishonov, A. V., 40 pp., 2013.
Lohbeck, K. T., Riebesell, U., and Reusch, T. B. H.: Adaptive evolution of a
key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification, Nat. Geosci., 5, 346–351,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1441, 2012.
Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G., and Keeling, C. D.: Ocean
pCO2 calculated
from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for
K1 and
K2:
validation based on laboratory measurements of
CO2 in gas and seawater at
equilibrium, Mar. Chem., 70, 105–119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00022-0, 2000.
Martínez-Botí, M. A., Marino, G., Foster, G. L., Ziveri, P.,
Henehan, M. J., Rae, J. W. B., Mortyn, P. G., and Vance, D.: Boron isotope
evidence for oceanic carbon dioxide leakage during the last deglaciation,
Nature, 518, 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14155, 2015.
McClelland, H. L. O., Bruggeman, J., Hermoso, M., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: The
origin of carbon isotope vital effects in coccolith calcite, Nat. Commun.,
8, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14511, 2017.
Minoletti, F., Hermoso, M., and Gressier, V.: Separation of sedimentary
micron-sized particles for palaeoceanography and calcareous nannoplankton
biogeochemistry, Nat. Protoc., 4, 14–24,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.200, 2009.
Monteiro, F. M., Bach, L. T., Brownlee, C., Bown, P., Rickaby, R. E. M.,
Poulton, A. J., Tyrrell, T., Beaufort, L., Dutkiewicz, S., Gibbs, S.,
Gutowska, M. A., Lee, R., Riebesell, U., Young, J., and Ridgwell, A.: Why
marine phytoplankton calcify, Science Advances, 2, e1501822,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501822, 2016.
Naafs, B. D. A., Stein, R., Hefter, J., Khélifi, N., De Schepper, S.,
and Haug, G. H.: Late Pliocene changes in the North Atlantic Current, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 298, 434–442,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.08.023, 2010.
Neftel, A., Oeschger, H., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., and Zumbrunn, R.: Ice
core sample measurements give atmospheric
CO2 content during the past 40,000 yr, Nature, 295, 220–223, https://doi.org/10.1038/295220a0, 1982.
Nimer, N., Brownlee, C., and Merrett, M.: Carbon dioxide availability,
intracellular
pH and growth rate of the coccolithophore
Emiliania huxleyi,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 109, 257–262, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps109257,
1994.
Nimer, N. A., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., and Merrett, M. J.: Bicarbonate
utilization by marine phytoplankton species, J. Phycol., 33, 625–631,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00625.x, 1997.
Omta, A. W., Van Voorn, G. A. K., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Follows, M. J.: On
the potential role of marine calcifiers in glacial-interglacial dynamics,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 692–704, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20060,
2013.
Pagani, M.: Biomarker-Based Inferences of Past Climate: The Alkenone pCO
2 Proxy, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 12, Elsevier, 361–378, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01027-5, 2014.
Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., and Yiou, P.: Macintosh Program performs
time-series analysis, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 77, 379–379,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00259, 1996.
Pearson, P. N.: Oxygen isotopes in foraminifera: Overview and historical
review, The Paleontological Society Papers, 18, 1–38,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1089332600002539, 2012.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J.-M.,
Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte,
M., Kotlyakov, V. M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., PÉpin,
L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E., and Stievenard, M.: Climate and atmospheric
history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica,
Nature, 399, 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1038/20859, 1999.
Pflaumann, U., Sarnthein, M., Chapman, M., D'Abreu, L., Funnell, B., Huels,
M., Kiefer, T., Maslin, M., Schulz, H., Swallow, J., van Kreveld, S.,
Vautravers, M., Vogelsang, E., and Weinelt, M.: Glacial North Atlantic:
Sea-surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000, Paleoceanography, 18, 10.1-10.21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000774, 2003.
Popp, B. N., Laws, E. A., Bidigare, R. R., Dore, J. E., Hanson, K. L., and
Wakeham, S. G.: Effect of phytoplankton cell geometry on carbon isotopic
fractionation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 62, 69–77,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00333-5, 1998.
Rae, J. W. B., Zhang, Y. G., Liu, X., Foster, G. L., Stoll, H. M., and
Whiteford, R. D. M.: Atmospheric
CO2 over the Past 66 Million Years from
Marine Archives, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 49, 609–641,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082420-063026, 2021.
Rebotim, A., Voelker, A. H. L., Jonkers, L., Waniek, J. J., Meggers, H., Schiebel, R., Fraile, I., Schulz, M., and Kucera, M.: Factors controlling the depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 14, 827–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, 2017.
Reinfelder, J. R.: Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Marine
Phytoplankton, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3, 291–315,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142720, 2011.
Rickaby, R. E. M., Henderiks, J., and Young, J. N.: Perturbing phytoplankton: response and isotopic fractionation with changing carbonate chemistry in two coccolithophore species, Clim. Past, 6, 771–785, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-771-2010, 2010.
Schlitzer, R.: Ocean Data View, ODV [code],
http://odv.awi.de (last access: 2 March 2022), 2018.
Sanyal, A., Hemming, N. G., Hanson, G. N., and Broecker, W. S.: Evidence for
a higher
pH in the glacial ocean from boron isotopes in foraminifera,
Nature, 373, 234–236, https://doi.org/10.1038/373234a0, 1995.
Schwab, C., Kinkel, H., Weinelt, M., and Repschläger, J.:
Coccolithophore paleoproductivity and ecology response to deglacial and
Holocene changes in the Azores Current System, Paleoceanography, 27,
PA3210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002281, 2012.
Shao, J., Stott, L. D., Gray, W. R., Greenop, R., Pecher, I., Neil, H. L.,
Coffin, R. B., Davy, B., and Rae, J. W. B.: Atmosphere-Ocean
CO2 Exchange
Across the Last Deglaciation From the Boron Isotope Proxy, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34, 1650–1670, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003498,
2019.
Skinner, L. C., Fallon, S., Waelbroeck, C., Michel, E., and Barker, S.:
Ventilation of the Deep Southern Ocean and Deglacial
CO2 Rise, Science, 328, 1147–1151, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183627, 2010.
Skinner, L. C., Primeau, F., Freeman, E., De La Fuente, M., Goodwin, P. A.,
Gottschalk, J., Huang, E., McCave, I. N., Noble, T. L., and Scrivner, A. E.:
Radiocarbon constraints on the glacial ocean circulation and its impact on
atmospheric
CO2, Nat. Commun., 8, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16010, 2017.
Stein, R., Hefter, J., Grützner, J., Voelker, A., and Naafs, B. D. A.:
Variability of surface water characteristics and Heinrich-like events in the
Pleistocene midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean: Biomarker and XRD records from
IODP Site U1313 (MIS 16–9), Paleoceanography, 24, PA2203,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001639, 2009.
Stoll, H. M., Guitian, J., Hernandez, I., Mejia, L. M., Phelps, S.,
Rosenthal, Y., Zhang, H., and Ziveri, P.: Upregulation of phytoplankton
carbon concentrating mechanisms during low
CO2 glacial periods and
implications for the phytoplankton p
CO2 proxy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 208, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.012, 2019.
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., and Kozyr, A.: Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO
2 Database: Measurements performed during 1957–2010 (LDEO Database Version 2010) (NCEI Accession 0160492), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set],
https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/LDEO_Database/Version_2010/ (last access: 2 March 2022), 2011.
Tremblin, M., Hermoso, M., and Minoletti, F.: Equatorial heat accumulation
as a long-term trigger of permanent Antarctic ice sheets during the
Cenozoic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 11782–11787,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608100113, 2016.
Tzedakis, P. C., Drysdale, R. N., Margari, V., Skinner, L. C., Menviel, L.,
Rhodes, R. H., Taschetto, A. S., Hodell, D. A., Crowhurst, S. J., Hellstrom,
J. C., Fallick, A. E., Grimalt, J. O., McManus, J. F., Martrat, B.,
Mokeddem, Z., Parrenin, F., Regattieri, E., Roe, K., and Zanchetta, G.:
Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe
during the Last Interglacial, Nat. Commun., 9, 4235, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06683-3, 2018.
Villanueva, J., Grimalt, J. O., Cortijo, E., Vidal, L., and Labeyrie, L.:
Assessment of sea surface temperature variations in the central North
Atlantic using the alkenone unsaturation index (U
), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 62, 2421–2427,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00180-X, 1998.
Villanueva, J., Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Grimalt, J. O., Boelaert, A., and
Labeyrie, L.: A latitudinal productivity band in the Central North Atlantic
over the last 270 kyr: An alkelone perspective, Paleoceanography, 16,
617–626, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000543, 2001.
Volkman, J. K., Eglinton, G., Corner, E. D. S., and Sargent, J. R.: Novel
unsaturated straight-chain C37-C39 methyl and ethyl ketones in marine
sediments and a coccolithophore
Emiliania huxleyi, Phys. Chem. Earth, 12,
219–227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(79)90106-X, 1980.
Winter, A., Rost, B., Hilbrecht, H., and Elbrächter, M.: Vertical and
horizontal distribution of coccolithophores in the Caribbean Sea, Geo-Mar. Lett., 22, 150–161, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-002-0108-8, 2002.
Zeebe, R. E. and Wolf-Gladrow, D.:
CO2 in seawater: equilibrium, kinetics,
isotopes, Elsevier Oceanography Book Series, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 65, 346 pp., ISBN 0-44450946-1, 2001.
Zhang, X., Knorr, G., Lohmann, G., and Barker, S.: Abrupt North Atlantic
circulation changes in response to gradual
CO2 forcing in a glacial climate
state, Nat. Geosci., 10, 518–523, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2974, 2017.
Zhang, Y. G., Pagani, M., Liu, Z., Bohaty, S. M., and DeConto, R.: A
40-million-year history of atmospheric
CO2, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 371, 20130096, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0096,
2013.
Ziveri, P., Stoll, H., Probert, I., Klaas, C., Geisen, M., Ganssen, G., and
Young, J.: Stable isotope “vital effects” in coccolith calcite, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 210, 137–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00101-8, 2003.
