Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-293-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 15 Feb 2022
| 15 Feb 2022
Late Pleistocene glacial chronologies and paleoclimate in the northern Rocky Mountains
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, USA
Elizabeth Huss
Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
Benjamin J. C. Laabs
Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 68102, USA
Eric Leonard
Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, USA
Joseph Licciardi
Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
Mitchell A. Plummer
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
Marc W. Caffee
Department of Physics and Astronomy, PRIME Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, USA
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47905, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Bradley W. Goodfellow, Marc W. Caffee, Greg Chmiel, Ruben Fritzon, Alasdair Skelton, and Arjen P. Stroeven
Solid Earth, 15, 1343–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1343-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1343-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructions of past earthquakes are useful to assess earthquake hazard risk. We assess a limestone scarp exposed by earthquakes along the Sparta Fault, Greece, using 36Cl and rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE-Y). Our analyses indicate an increase in the average scarp slip rate from 0.8–0.9 mm yr-1 at 6.5–7.7 kyr ago to 1.1–1.2 mm yr-1 up to the devastating 464 BCE earthquake. REE-Y indicate clays in the fault scarp; their potential use in palaeoseismicity would benefit from further study.
Matias Romero, Shanti B. Penprase, Maximillian S. Van Wyk de Vries, Andrew D. Wickert, Andrew G. Jones, Shaun A. Marcott, Jorge A. Strelin, Mateo A. Martini, Tammy M. Rittenour, Guido Brignone, Mark D. Shapley, Emi Ito, Kelly R. MacGregor, and Marc W. Caffee
Clim. Past, 20, 1861–1883, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating past glaciated regions is crucial for understanding how ice sheets responded to climate forcings and how they might respond in the future. We use two independent dating techniques to document the timing and extent of the Lago Argentino glacier lobe, a former lobe of the Patagonian Ice Sheet, during the late Quaternary. Our findings highlight feedbacks in the Earth’s system responsible for modulating glacier growth in the Southern Hemisphere prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum.
Christopher Halsted, Paul Bierman, Alexandru Codilean, Lee Corbett, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-22, 2024
Preprint under review for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment generation on hillslopes and transport through river networks are complex processes that influence landscape evolution. In this study compiled sand from over 600 river basins and measured its (very subtle) radioactivity to unravel timelines of sediment routing around the world. With this data we empirically confirm that sediment from large lowland basins in tectonically stable regions typically experiences long periods of burial, while sediment moves rapidly through small upland basins.
Alia J. Lesnek, Joseph M. Licciardi, Alan J. Hidy, and Tyler S. Anderson
Geochronology, 6, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an improved workflow for extracting and measuring chlorine isotopes in rocks and minerals. Experiments on seven geologic samples demonstrate that our workflow provides reliable results while offering several distinct advantages over traditional methods. Most notably, our workflow reduces the amount of isotopically enriched chlorine spike used per rock sample by up to 95 %, which will allow researchers to analyze more samples using their existing laboratory supplies.
Peyton M. Cavnar, Paul R. Bierman, Jeremy D. Shakun, Lee B. Corbett, Danielle LeBlanc, Gillian L. Galford, and Marc Caffee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2233, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the Laurentide Ice Sheet’s erosivity before and during the Last Glacial Maximum, we sampled sand deposited by ice in eastern Canada before final deglaciation. We also sampled modern river sand. The 26Al and 10Be measured in glacial deposited sediments suggests that ice remained during some Pleistocene warm periods and was an inefficient eroder. Similar concentrations of 26Al and 10Be in modern sand suggests that most modern river sediment is sourced from glacial deposits.
Bradley W. Goodfellow, Arjen P. Stroeven, Nathaniel A. Lifton, Jakob Heyman, Alexander Lewerentz, Kristina Hippe, Jens-Ove Näslund, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 6, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon-14 produced in quartz (half-life of 5700 ± 30 years) provides a new tool to date exposure of bedrock surfaces. Samples from 10 exposed bedrock surfaces in east-central Sweden give dates consistent with the timing of both landscape emergence above sea level through postglacial rebound and retreat of the last ice sheet shown in previous reconstructions. Carbon-14 in quartz can therefore be used for dating in landscapes where isotopes with longer half-lives give complex exposure results.
Andrew G. Jones, Shaun A. Marcott, Andrew L. Gorin, Tori M. Kennedy, Jeremy D. Shakun, Brent M. Goehring, Brian Menounos, Douglas H. Clark, Matias Romero, and Marc W. Caffee
The Cryosphere, 17, 5459–5475, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5459-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5459-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain glaciers today are fractions of their sizes 140 years ago, but how do these sizes compare to the past 11,000 years? We find that four glaciers in the United States and Canada have reversed a long-term trend of growth and retreated to positions last occupied thousands of years ago. Notably, each glacier occupies a unique position relative to its long-term history. We hypothesize that unequal modern retreat has caused the glaciers to be out of sync relative to their Holocene histories.
Eric W. Portenga, David J. Ullman, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 5, 413–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New exposure ages of glacial erratics on moraines on Isle Royale – the largest island in North America's Lake Superior – show that the Laurentide Ice Sheet did not retreat from the island nor the south shores of Lake Superior until the early Holocene, which is later than previously thought. These new ages unify regional ice retreat histories from the mainland, the Lake Superior lake-bottom stratigraphy, underwater moraines, and meltwater drainage pathways through the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Giulia Sinnl, Florian Adolphi, Marcus Christl, Kees C. Welten, Thomas Woodruff, Marc Caffee, Anders Svensson, Raimund Muscheler, and Sune Olander Rasmussen
Clim. Past, 19, 1153–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The record of past climate is preserved by several archives from different regions, such as ice cores from Greenland or Antarctica or speleothems from caves such as the Hulu Cave in China. In this study, these archives are aligned by taking advantage of the globally synchronous production of cosmogenic radionuclides. This produces a new perspective on the global climate in the period between 20 000 and 25 000 years ago.
Aaron M. Barth, Elizabeth G. Ceperley, Claire Vavrus, Shaun A. Marcott, Jeremy D. Shakun, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 731–743, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Deposits left behind by past glacial activity provide insight into the previous size and behavior of glaciers and act as another line of evidence for past climate. Here we present new age control for glacial deposits in the mountains of Montana and Wyoming, United States. While some deposits indicate glacial activity within the last 2000 years, others are shown to be older than previously thought, thus redefining the extent of regional Holocene glaciation.
Adrian M. Bender, Richard O. Lease, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Marc W. Caffee, James V. Jones, and Doug Kreiner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1041–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand landscape evolution in the mineral resource-rich Yukon River basin (Alaska and Canada), we mapped and cosmogenic isotope-dated river terraces along the Charley River. Results imply widespread Yukon River incision that drove increased Bering Sea sedimentation and carbon sequestration during global climate changes 2.6 and 1 million years ago. Such erosion may have fed back to late Cenozoic climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon as observed in many records worldwide.
Mae Kate Campbell, Paul R. Bierman, Amanda H. Schmidt, Rita Sibello Hernández, Alejandro García-Moya, Lee B. Corbett, Alan J. Hidy, Héctor Cartas Águila, Aniel Guillén Arruebarrena, Greg Balco, David Dethier, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 435–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used cosmogenic radionuclides in detrital river sediment to measure erosion rates of watersheds in central Cuba; erosion rates are lower than rock dissolution rates in lowland watersheds. Data from two different cosmogenic nuclides suggest that some basins may have a mixed layer deeper than is typically modeled and could have experienced significant burial after or during exposure. We conclude that significant mass loss may occur at depth through chemical weathering processes.
Nicolás E. Young, Alia J. Lesnek, Josh K. Cuzzone, Jason P. Briner, Jessica A. Badgeley, Alexandra Balter-Kennedy, Brandon L. Graham, Allison Cluett, Jennifer L. Lamp, Roseanne Schwartz, Thibaut Tuna, Edouard Bard, Marc W. Caffee, Susan R. H. Zimmerman, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 17, 419–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-419-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) margin is exposing a bedrock landscape that holds clues regarding the timing and extent of past ice-sheet minima. We present cosmogenic nuclide measurements from recently deglaciated bedrock surfaces (the last few decades), combined with a refined chronology of southwestern Greenland deglaciation and model simulations of GrIS change. Results suggest that inland retreat of the southwestern GrIS margin was likely minimal in the middle to late Holocene.
Joseph P. Tulenko, William Caffee, Avriel D. Schweinsberg, Jason P. Briner, and Eric M. Leonard
Geochronology, 2, 245–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the timing and rate of retreat for three alpine glaciers in the southern Rocky Mountains to test whether they followed the pattern of global climate change or were majorly influenced by regional forcing mechanisms. We find that the latter is most likely for these glaciers. Our conclusions are based on a new 10Be chronology of alpine glacier retreat. We quantify retreat rates for each valley using the BACON program in R, which may be of interest for the audience of Geochronology.
Michael Sigl, Tyler J. Fudge, Mai Winstrup, Jihong Cole-Dai, David Ferris, Joseph R. McConnell, Ken C. Taylor, Kees C. Welten, Thomas E. Woodruff, Florian Adolphi, Marion Bisiaux, Edward J. Brook, Christo Buizert, Marc W. Caffee, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ross Edwards, Lei Geng, Nels Iverson, Bess Koffman, Lawrence Layman, Olivia J. Maselli, Kenneth McGwire, Raimund Muscheler, Kunihiko Nishiizumi, Daniel R. Pasteris, Rachael H. Rhodes, and Todd A. Sowers
Clim. Past, 12, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a chronology (WD2014) for the upper part (0–2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, which is based on layer counting of distinctive annual cycles preserved in the elemental, chemical and electrical conductivity records. We validated the chronology by comparing it to independent high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. Given its demonstrated high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere.
B. W. Goodfellow, A. P. Stroeven, D. Fabel, O. Fredin, M.-H. Derron, R. Bintanja, and M. W. Caffee
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 383–401, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-383-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-383-2014, 2014
D. J. Ullman, A. N. LeGrande, A. E. Carlson, F. S. Anslow, and J. M. Licciardi
Clim. Past, 10, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-487-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-487-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Continental Surface Processes | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Pleistocene
The climate and vegetation of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 000 yr BP) based on pollen data
Spatio-temporal dynamics of speleothem growth and glaciation in the British Isles
Improving the age constraints on the archeological record in Scladina Cave (Belgium): new speleothem U-Th ages and paleoclimatological data
Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy
Cryogenic cave carbonates in the Dolomites (northern Italy): insights into Younger Dryas cooling and seasonal precipitation
Younger Dryas ice margin retreat in Greenland: new evidence from southwestern Greenland
Pleistocene glacial history of the New Zealand subantarctic islands
Palaeoclimate characteristics in interior Siberia of MIS 6–2: first insights from the Batagay permafrost mega-thaw slump in the Yana Highlands
Hydroclimate of the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern Australia's arid margin interpreted from speleothem records (23–15 ka)
High-amplitude lake-level changes in tectonically active Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection data
Constant wind regimes during the Last Glacial Maximum and early Holocene: evidence from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, New England Tablelands, eastern Australia
Late Pleistocene–Holocene ground surface heat flux changes reconstructed from borehole temperature data (the Urals, Russia)
Sediment sequence and site formation processes at the Arbreda Cave, NE Iberian Peninsula, and implications on human occupation and climate change during the Last Glacial
Past freeze and thaw cycling in the margin of the El'gygytgyn crater deduced from a 141 m long permafrost record
Geochronological reconsideration of the eastern European key loess section at Stayky in Ukraine
Pre-LGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheet topography
Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern Europe
Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans
Past climate changes and permafrost depth at the Lake El'gygytgyn site: implications from data and thermal modeling
Depositional dynamics in the El'gygytgyn Crater margin: implications for the 3.6 Ma old sediment archive
Coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate – a new archive to estimate the Last Glacial minimum permafrost depth in Central Europe
Hydrological variability in the Northern Levant: a 250 ka multi-proxy record from the Yammoûneh (Lebanon) sedimentary sequence
Basil A. S. Davis, Marc Fasel, Jed O. Kaplan, Emmanuele Russo, and Ariane Burke
Clim. Past, 20, 1939–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1939-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During the last ice age (21 000 yr BP) in Europe, the composition and extent of forest and its associated climate remain unclear, with models indicating more forest north of the Alps and a warmer and somewhat wetter climate than suggested by the data. A new compilation of pollen records with improved dating suggests greater agreement with model climates but still suggests models overestimate forest cover, especially in the west.
Sina Panitz, Michael Rogerson, Jack Longman, Nick Scroxton, Tim J. Lawson, Tim C. Atkinson, Vasile Ersek, James Baldini, Lisa Baldini, Stuart Umbo, Mahjoor A. Lone, Gideon M. Henderson, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-48, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructions of past glaciations tell us about how ice sheets grow and retreat. In this study, we use speleothems (cave deposits, e.g., stalagmites) in the British Isles to help constrain the extent of past glaciations both in time and space. Speleothems require liquid water to grow, and therefore, their presence indicates the absence of ice above the cave. By dating these speleothems we can improve existing reconstructions of past ice sheets.
Hubert Vonhof, Sophie Verheyden, Dominique Bonjean, Stéphane Pirson, Michael Weber, Denis Scholz, John Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, Xue Jia, Kevin Di Modica, Gregory Abrams, Marjan van Nunen, Joost Ruiter, Michèlle van der Does, Daniel Böhl, and Jeroen van der Lubbe
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-27, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The sedimentary sequence in Scladina Cave (Belgium) is well-known for its rich archeological assemblages and its numerous faunal remains. Of particular interest is the presence of a nearly complete jaw bone of a Neandertal child. In this study, we present new Uranium-series ages of stalagmites from the archeological sequence which allow more precise dating of the archeological finds. One key result is that the Neandertal child may be slightly older than previously thought.
Mary Robles, Odile Peyron, Guillemette Ménot, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Sabine Wulf, Oona Appelt, Marion Blache, Boris Vannière, Lucas Dugerdil, Bruno Paura, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Amy Cromartie, Laurent Charlet, Stephane Guédron, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, and Sébastien Joannin
Clim. Past, 19, 493–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-493-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative climate reconstructions based on pollen and brGDGTs reveal, for the Late Glacial, a warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas in Italy, showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. In terms of precipitation, no latitudinal differences are recorded during the Bølling–Allerød, whereas 40–42° N appears as a key junction point between wetter conditions in southern Italy and drier conditions in northern Italy during the Younger Dryas.
Gabriella Koltai, Christoph Spötl, Alexander H. Jarosch, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 17, 775–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-775-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilises a novel palaeoclimate archive from caves, cryogenic cave carbonates, which allow for precisely constraining permafrost thawing events in the past. Our study provides new insights into the climate of the Younger Dryas (12 800 to 11 700 years BP) in mid-Europe from the perspective of a high-elevation cave sensitive to permafrost development. We quantify seasonal temperature and precipitation changes by using a heat conduction model.
Svend Funder, Anita H. L. Sørensen, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Anders A. Bjørk, Jason P. Briner, Jesper Olsen, Anders Schomacker, Laura B. Levy, and Kurt H. Kjær
Clim. Past, 17, 587–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-587-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic 10Be exposure dates from outlying islets along 300 km of the SW Greenland coast indicate that, although affected by inherited 10Be, the ice margin here was retreating during the Younger Dryas. These results seem to be corroborated by recent studies elsewhere in Greenland. The apparent mismatch between temperatures and ice margin behaviour may be explained by the advection of warm water to the ice margin on the shelf and by increased seasonality, both caused by a weakened AMOC.
Eleanor Rainsley, Chris S. M. Turney, Nicholas R. Golledge, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Matt S. McGlone, Alan G. Hogg, Bo Li, Zoë A. Thomas, Richard Roberts, Richard T. Jones, Jonathan G. Palmer, Verity Flett, Gregory de Wet, David K. Hutchinson, Mathew J. Lipson, Pavla Fenwick, Ben R. Hines, Umberto Binetti, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Clim. Past, 15, 423–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The New Zealand subantarctic islands, in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable records of past environmental change. We find that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap around 384 000 years ago, but that there was little glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum, around 21 000 years ago, in contrast to mainland New Zealand. This shows that the climate here is susceptible to changes in regional factors such as sea-ice expanse and the position of ocean fronts.
Kseniia Ashastina, Lutz Schirrmeister, Margret Fuchs, and Frank Kienast
Clim. Past, 13, 795–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-795-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first detailed description and sedimentological analyses of an 80 m permafrost sequence exposed in a mega-thaw slump near Batagay in the Yana Highlands, Russia, and attempt to deduce its genesis. First dating results (14C, OSL) show that the sequence represents a continental climate record spanning from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. We suggest that the characteristics of the studied deposits are a result of various seasonally controlled climatically induced processes.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
Andrea Catalina Gebhardt, Lieven Naudts, Lies De Mol, Jan Klerkx, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Edward R. Sobel, and Marc De Batist
Clim. Past, 13, 73–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-73-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic profiles from the western and eastern deltas of Lake Issyk-Kul were used to identify lake-level changes of up to 400 m. Seven stratigraphic sequences were identified, each containing a series of delta lobes that were formed during former lake-level stillstands. Lake-level fluctuations point to significant changes in the strength and position of the Siberian High and the mid-latitude Westerlies. Their interplay is responsible for the amount of moisture that reaches this area.
James Shulmeister, Justine Kemp, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, and Allen Gontz
Clim. Past, 12, 1435–1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1435-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights that small dunes (lunettes) formed on the eastern side of a lake in the Australian sub-tropics at the height of the last ice age (about 21,000 years ago) and in the early part of the current interglacial (9–6,000 years ago). This means that it was fairly wet at these times and also that there were strong westerly winds to form the dunes. Today strong westerly winds occur in winter, and we infer that the same was also true at those times, suggesting no change in circulation.
D. Y. Demezhko and A. A. Gornostaeva
Clim. Past, 11, 647–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-647-2015, 2015
M. Kehl, E. Eckmeier, S. O. Franz, F. Lehmkuhl, J. Soler, N. Soler, K. Reicherter, and G.-C. Weniger
Clim. Past, 10, 1673–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014, 2014
G. Schwamborn, H. Meyer, L. Schirrmeister, and G. Fedorov
Clim. Past, 10, 1109–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014, 2014
A. Kadereit and G. A. Wagner
Clim. Past, 10, 783–796, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-783-2014, 2014
J. Kleman, J. Fastook, K. Ebert, J. Nilsson, and R. Caballero
Clim. Past, 9, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2365-2013, 2013
J. M. López-García, H.-A. Blain, M. Bennàsar, M. Sanz, and J. Daura
Clim. Past, 9, 1053–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1053-2013, 2013
M. Damaschke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, A. Böhm, N. Nowaczyk, J. Rethemeyer, and A. Hilgers
Clim. Past, 9, 267–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, 2013
D. Mottaghy, G. Schwamborn, and V. Rath
Clim. Past, 9, 119–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-119-2013, 2013
G. Schwamborn, G. Fedorov, N. Ostanin, L. Schirrmeister, A. Andreev, and the El'gygytgyn Scientific Party
Clim. Past, 8, 1897–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012, 2012
K. Žák, D. K. Richter, M. Filippi, R. Živor, M. Deininger, A. Mangini, and D. Scholz
Clim. Past, 8, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1821-2012, 2012
F. Gasse, L. Vidal, A.-L. Develle, and E. Van Campo
Clim. Past, 7, 1261–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1261-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Alden, W. C.: Physiography and glacial geology of eastern Montana and adjacent areas, US Government Printing Office, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp174, 1932.
Balco, G.: Glacier change and paleoclimate applications of
cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 48, 21–48, 2020.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and
easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion
rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quat. Geochronol., 3, 174–195, 2008.
Bartlein, P. J., Anderson, K. H., Anderson, P., Edwards, M., Mock, C., Thompson, R. S., Webb, R. S., Webb III, T., and Whitlock, C.: Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21 000 years: features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 17, 549–585, 1998.
Birkel, S. D., Putnam, A. E., Denton, G. H., Koons, P. O., Fastook, J. L.,
Putnam, D. E., and Maasch, K. A.: Climate inferences from a glaciological
reconstruction of the late Pleistocene Wind River ice cap, Wind River Range,
Wyoming, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 44, 265–276, 2012.
Blackwelder, E.: Post-Cretaceous history of the mountains of central western Wyoming, J. Geol., 23, 307–340, 1915.
Blackwelder, E.: Pleistocene glaciation in the Sierra Nevada and Basin
ranges, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 42, 865–922, 1931.
Borchers, B., Marrero, S., Balco, G., Caffee, M., Goehring, B., Lifton, N.,
Nishiizumi, K., Phillips, F., Schaefer, J., and Stone, J.: Geological
calibration of spallation production rates in the CRONUS-Earth project, Quat. Geochronol., 31, 188–198, 2016.
Breitenbach, S. F. M., Rehfeld, K., Goswami, B., Baldini, J. U. L., Ridley, H. E., Kennett, D. J., Prufer, K. M., Aquino, V. V., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V. J., Cheng, H., Kurths, J., and Marwan, N.: COnstructing Proxy Records from Age models (COPRA), Clim. Past, 8, 1765–1779, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1765-2012, 2012.
Briner, J. P.: Moraine pebbles and boulders yield indistinguishable 10Be
ages: a case study from Colorado, USA, Quat. Geochronol., 4, 299–305, 2009.
Brugger, K. A.: Climate in the southern Sawatch Range and Elk Mountains, Colorado, USA, during the Last Glacial Maximum: inferences using a simple degree-day model, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 42, 164–178, 2010.
Brugger, K. A., Ruleman, C. A., Caffee, M. W., and Mason, C. C.: Climate
during the last glacial maximum in the northern Sawatch range, Colorado,
USA, Quaternary, 2, 36, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2040036, 2019a.
Brugger, K. A., Laabs, B., Reimers, A., and Bensen, N.: Late Pleistocene
glaciation in the Mosquito Range, Colorado, USA: chronology and climate, J. Quaternary Sci., 34, 187–202, 2019b.
Calhoun, F. H. H.: The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet, US Government
Printing Office, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp50, 1906.
Carrara, P. E.: Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial chronology, Glacier National Park, Montana, Can. J. Earth Sci., 24, 387–395, 1987.
Carrara, P. E.: Late Quaternary glacial and vegetative history of the
Glacier National Park region, Montana, USGPO; For sale by the Books and
Open-File Reports Section, US Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1902, 1989.
Carrara, P. E.: A 12 000 year radiocarbon date of deglaciation from the Continental Divide of northwestern Montana, Can. J. Earth Sci., 32, 1303–1307, 1995.
Clark, P. U., Dyke, A. S., Shakun, J. D., Carlson, A. E., Clark, J.,
Wohlfarth, B., Mitrovica, J. X., Hostetler, S. W., and McCabe, A. M.: The
last glacial maximum, Science, 325, 710–714, 2009.
Dahms, D., Egli, M., Fabel, D., Harbor, J., Brandová, D., de Castro Portes, R., and Christl, M.: Revised Quaternary glacial succession and post-LGM recession, southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 167–184, 2018.
Dalton, A. S., Margold, M., Stokes, C. R., Tarasov, L., Dyke, A. S., Adams,
R. S., Allard, S., Arends, H. E., Atkinson, N., and Attig, J. W.: An updated
radiocarbon-based ice margin chronology for the last deglaciation of the
North American Ice Sheet Complex, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 234, 106223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106223, 2020.
Daly, C., Halbleib, M., Smith, J. I., Gibson, W. P., Doggett, M. K., Taylor,
G. H., Curtis, J., and Pasteris, P. P.: Physiographically sensitive mapping
of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous
United States, Int. J. Climatol., 28, 2031–2064, 2008.
Dühnforth, M. and Anderson, R. S.: Reconstructing the glacial history of
green lakes valley, North Boulder Creek, Colorado Front Range, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 43, 527–542, 2011.
Fastook, J. L. and Chapman, J. E.: A map-plane finite-element model: three
modeling experiments, J. Glaciol., 35, 48–52, 1989.
Fullerton, D. S., Colton, R. B., and Bush, C. A.: Limits of mountain and continental glaciations east of the Continental Divide in northern Montana and north-western North Dakota, USA, in: Developments in Quaternary Sciences, Elsevier, 2, 131–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80194-5, 2004.
Gilbert, G. K.: Lake Bonneville, United States Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/m1, 1890.
Guido, Z. S., Ward, D. J., and Anderson, R. S.: Pacing the post–Last
Glacial Maximum demise of the Animas Valley glacier and the San Juan
Mountain ice cap, Colorado, Geology, 35, 739–742, 2007.
Harrison, S., Rowan, A. V., Glasser, N. F., Knight, J., Plummer, M. A., and
Mills, S. C.: Little Ice Age glaciers in Britain: Glacier–climate modelling
in the Cairngorm mountains, Holocene, 24, 135–140, 2014.
He, F.: Simulating transient climate evolution of the last deglaciation with CCSM 3, PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 185 pp., 2011.
Heinrich, H.: Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast
Atlantic Ocean during the past 130 000 years, Quaternary Res., 29, 142–152, 1988.
Hostetler, S. W. and Clark, P. U.: Climatic controls of western US glaciers at the last glacial maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 16, 505–511, 1997.
Kohl, C. P. and Nishiizumi, K.: Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement
of in-situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 3583–3587, 1992.
Laabs, B. J. C., Plummer, M. A., and Mickelson, D. M.: Climate during the
last glacial maximum in the Wasatch and southern Uinta Mountains inferred
from glacier modeling, Geomorphology, 75, 300–317, 2006.
Laabs, B. J., Refsnider, K. A., Munroe, J. S., Mickelson, D. M., Applegate, P. J., Singer, B. S., and Caffee, M. W.: Latest Pleistocene glacial chronology of the Uinta Mountains: support for moisture-driven asynchrony of the last deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 1171–1187, 2009.
Laabs, B. J. C., Marchetti, D. W., Munroe, J. S., Refsnider, K. A., Gosse,
J. C., Lips, E. W., Becker, R. A., Mickelson, D. M., and Singer, B. S.:
Chronology of latest Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the western Wasatch
Mountains, Utah, USA, Quaternary Res., 76, 272–284, 2011.
Laabs, B. J. C., Munroe, J. S., Best, L. C., and Caffee, M. W.: Timing of
the last glaciation and subsequent deglaciation in the Ruby Mountains, Great
Basin, USA, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 361, 16–25, 2013.
Laabs, B. J., Licciardi, J. M., Leonard, E. M., Munroe, J. S., and Marchetti, D. W.: Updated cosmogenic chronologies of Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the western United States and associated paleoclimate inferences, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 242, 106427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106427, 2020.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, 2004.
Leonard, E. M.: Climatic change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Estimates
based on modern climate at late Pleistocene equilibrium lines, Arctic Alpine Res., 21, 245–255, 1989.
Leonard, E. M., Plummer, M. A., and Carrara, P. E.: Numerical modeling of
the Snowmass Creek paleoglacier, Colorado, and climate in the Rocky
Mountains during the Bull Lake glaciation (MIS 6), Quaternary Res., 82, 533–541, 2014.
Leonard, E. M., Laabs, B. J. B., Schweinsberg, A. D., Russell, C. M.,
Briner, J. P., and Young, N. E.: Deglaciation of the Colorado Rocky
Mountains following the last glacial maximum, Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica, 43, 497–526, 2017a.
Leonard, E. M., Laabs, B. J. C., Plummer, M. A., Kroner, R. K., Brugger, K.
A., Spiess, V. M., Refsnider, K. A., Xia, Y., and Caffee, M. W.: Late
Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation in the Crestone Peaks area, Colorado
Sangre de Cristo Mountains, USA – chronology and paleoclimate, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 158, 127–144, 2017b.
Licciardi, J. M. and Pierce, K. L.: Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of
Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton
Range, USA, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 814–831, 2008.
Licciardi, J. M. and Pierce, K. L.: History and dynamics of the Greater
Yellowstone Glacial System during the last two glaciations, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 200, 1–33, 2018.
Licciardi, J. M., Clark, P. U., Brook, E. J., Pierce, K. L., Kurz, M. D.,
Elmore, D., and Sharma, P.: Cosmogenic 3He and 10Be chronologies of the late Pinedale northern Yellowstone ice cap, Montana, USA, Geology, 29, 1095–1098, 2001.
Licciardi, J. M., Clark, P. U., Brook, E. J., Elmore, D., and Sharma, P.: Variable responses of western US glaciers during the last deglaciation, Geology, 32, 81–84, 2004.
Lifton, N., Sato, T., and Dunai, T. J.: Scaling in situ cosmogenic nuclide
production rates using analytical approximations to atmospheric cosmic-ray
fluxes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 386, 149–160, 2014.
Lifton, N., Caffee, M., Finkel, R., Marrero, S., Nishiizumi, K., Phillips,
F. M., Goehring, B., Gosse, J., Stone, J., and Schaefer, J.: In situ
cosmogenic nuclide production rate calibration for the CRONUS-Earth project
from Lake Bonneville, Utah, shoreline features, Quat. Geochronol., 26, 56–69, 2015.
Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B., He, F., Brady, E., Tomas, R., Clark, P., Carlson, A., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W., and Brook, E.: Transient simulation of last deglaciation with a new mechanism for Bølling-Allerød warming, Science, 325, 310–314, 2009.
Locke, W. W.: Late Pleistocene glaciers and the climate of western Montana,
USA, Arctic Alpine Res., 22, 1–13, 1990.
Locke, W. W.: Modelling of icecap glaciation of the northern Rocky Mountains
of Montana, Geomorphology, 14, 123–130, 1995.
Lora, J. M., Mitchell, J. L., and Tripati, A. E.: Abrupt reorganization of
North Pacific and western North American climate during the last
deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 11796–11804, 2016.
Lüthi, D., Le Floch, M., Bereiter, B., Blunier, T., Barnola, J.-M., Siegenthaler, U., Raynaud, D., Jouzel, J., Fischer, H., and Kawamura, K.: High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650 000–800 000 years before present, Nature, 453, 379–382, 2008.
Marcott, S. A., Clark, P. U., Shakun, J. D., Brook, E. J., Davis, P. T., and
Caffee, M. W.: 10Be age constraints on latest Pleistocene and Holocene
cirque glaciation across the western United States, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2, 1–7, 2019.
Mark, B. G. and Fernández, A.: The significance of mountain glaciers as sentinels of climate and environmental change, Geography Compass, 11, e12318, https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12318, 2017.
McCoy, W. D., Williams, L. D., Kay, P. A., and Diaz, H. F.: Application of
an energy-balance model to the late Pleistocene Little Cottonwood Canyon
glacier with implications regarding the paleohydrology of Lake Bonneville, Problems of and prospects for predicting Great Salt Lake levels: Salt Lake City, University of Utah, 40–53, 1985.
Monnin, E., Indermühle, A., Dällenbach, A., Flückiger, J.,
Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D., and Barnola, J.-M.: Atmospheric
CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination, Science, 291, 112–114, 2001.
Mumma, S. A., Whitlock, C., and Pierce, K.: A 28 000 year history of vegetation and climate from Lower Red Rock Lake, Centennial Valley, southwestern Montana, USA, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 326, 30–41, 2012.
Munroe, J. S. and Laabs, B. J.: Temporal correspondence between pluvial lake highstands in the southwestern US and Heinrich Event 1, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 49–58, 2013.
Munroe, J. S. and Laabs, B. J. C.: Combining radiocarbon and cosmogenic ages
to constrain the timing of the last glacial-interglacial transition in the
Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA, Geology, 45, 171–174, 2017.
Murray, D. R. and Locke, W. W.: Dynamics of the late Pleistocene Big Timber
Glacier, Crazy Mountains, Montana, USA, J. Glaciol., 35, 183–190, 1989.
Muzikar, P., Elmore, D., and Granger, D. E.: Accelerator mass spectrometry
in geologic research, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115, 643–654, 2003.
Nishiizumi, K., Imamura, M., Caffee, M. W., Southon, J. R., Finkel, R. C., and McAninch, J.: Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 258, 403–413, 2007.
Oerlemans, J.: On the response of valley glaciers to climatic change, in: Glacier fluctuations and climatic change, Springer, 353–371, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7823-3_23, 1989.
Oerlemans, J.: Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records, Science, 308, 675–677, 2005.
Oster, J. L., Ibarra, D. E., Winnick, M. J., and Maher, K.: Steering of
westerly storms over western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum, Nat. Geosci., 8, 201–205, 2015.
Pépin, L., Raynaud, D., Barnola, J., and Loutre, M. F.: Hemispheric
roles of climate forcings during glacial-interglacial transitions as deduced
from the Vostok record and LLN-2D model experiments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 31885–31892, 2001.
Petit, J.-R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J.-M.,
Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., and Delaygue, G.: Climate
and atmospheric history of the past 420 000 years from the Vostok ice core,
Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, 1999.
Pierce, K. L.: Surficial geologic map of the Mammoth quadrangle and part of
the Gardiner quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana, US Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/i641, 1973.
Pierce, K. L.: History and dynamics of glaciation in the northern Yellowstone National Park area: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-F, 90 pp., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp729F, 1979.
Pierce, K. L.: Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains, Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 1, 63–76, 2003.
Pierce, K. L., Licciardi, J. M., Good, J. M., and Jaworowski, C.: Pleistocene glaciation of the Jackson Hole area, Wyoming, US Geological Survey, 2330-7102, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1835, 2018.
Plummer M. A.: Paleoclimate conditions during the last deglaciation inferred from combined analysis of pluvial and glacial records, PhD dissertation, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, United States, 346 pp., 2002.
Plummer, M. A. and Phillips, F. M.: A 2-D numerical model of snow/ice energy
balance and ice flow for paleoclimatic interpretation of glacial geomorphic
features, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1389–1406, 2003.
Porter, S. C., Pierce, K. L., and Hamilton, T. D.: Late Wisconsin mountain glaciation in the western United States, in: Late Quaternary environments of the United States, Volume 1, edited by: Porter, S. C., The late Pleistocene: Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 71–114, ISBN 9780816611713, 1983.
Putnam, A. E., Denton, G. H., Schaefer, J. M., Barrell, D. J. A., Andersen,
B. G., Finkel, R. C., Schwartz, R., Doughty, A. M., Kaplan, M. R., and
Schlüchter, C.: Glacier advance in southern middle-latitudes during the
Antarctic Cold Reversal, Nat. Geosci., 3, 700–704, 2010.
Quirk, B. J., Moore, J. R., Laabs, B. J. C., Caffee, M. W., and Plummer, M.
A.: Termination II, last glacial maximum, and lateglacial chronologies and
paleoclimate from Big Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 130, 1889–1902, 2018.
Quirk, B. J., Moore, J. R., Laabs, B. J. C., Plummer, M. A., and Caffee, M.
W.: Latest Pleistocene glacial and climate history of the Wasatch Range,
Utah, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 238, 106313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106313, 2020.
Refsnider, K. A., Laabs, B. J., Plummer, M. A., Mickelson, D. M., Singer, B. S., and Caffee, M. W.: Last glacial maximum climate inferences from cosmogenic dating and glacier modeling of the western Uinta ice field, Uinta Mountains, Utah, Quaternary Res., 69, 130–144, 2008.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Friedrich, M.: IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50 000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G.,
Ramsey, C. B., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Friedrich, M.: The
IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, 2020.
Reitner, J. M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Drescher-Schneider, R., Hajdas, I., and Linner, M.: Reconsidering the current stratigraphy of the Alpine Lateglacial: Implications of the sedimentary and morphological record of the Lienz area (Tyrol/Austria), E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 65, 113–144, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.65.2.02, 2016.
Rowan, A. V., Brocklehurst, S. H., Schultz, D. M., Plummer, M. A., Anderson,
L. S., and Glasser, N. F.: Late Quaternary glacier sensitivity to
temperature and precipitation distribution in the Southern Alps of New
Zealand, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119, 1064–1081, 2014.
Schweinsberg, A. D., Briner, J. P., Licciardi, J. M., Shroba, R. R., and
Leonard, E. M.: Cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating of Bull Lake and Pinedale moraine sequences in the upper Arkansas River valley, Colorado Rocky
Mountains, USA, Quaternary Res., 97, 125–139, 2020.
Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., He, F., Lifton, N. A., Liu, Z., and
Otto-Bliesner, B. L.: Regional and global forcing of glacier retreat during
the last deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 6, 1–7, 2015.
Sharma, P., Bourgeois, M., Elmore, D., Granger, D., Lipschutz, M. E., Ma, X., Miller, T., Mueller, K., Rickey, F., Simms, P., and Vogt, S.: PRIME lab AMS performance, upgrades and research applications, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 172, 112–123, 2000.
Stone, J. O.: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 105, 23753–23759, 2000.
Thackray, G. D.: Varied climatic and topographic influences on Late
Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the western United States, J. Quaternary Sci., 23, 671–681, 2008.
Thackray, G. D., Lundeen, K. A., and Borgert, J. A.: Latest Pleistocene
alpine glacier advances in the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho, USA: reflections
of midlatitude moisture transport at the close of the last glaciation, Geology, 32, 225–228, 2004.
Thompson, R. S., Whitlock, C., Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Spaulding, W. G., Wright, H., Kutzbach, J., Webb, T., Ruddiman, W., and Street-Perrott, F.: Climatic changes in the western United States since 18 000 yr BP, Global climates since the last glacial maximum, NED-New edition, University of Minnesota Press, 468–513, eISBN 978-0-8166-8462-5, 1993.
Tulenko, J. P., Lofverstrom, M., and Briner, J. P.: Ice sheet influence on
atmospheric circulation explains the patterns of Pleistocene alpine glacier
records in North America, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 534, 116115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116115, 2020.
Ward, D. J., Anderson, R. S., Guido, Z. S., and Briner, J. P.: Numerical
modeling of cosmogenic deglaciation records, Front Range and San Juan
mountains, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 114, F01026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001057, 2009.
Weed, W. H.: The glaciation of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, US
Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/b104, 1893.
Whipple, J., Connor, J., Raup, O., McGimsey, R., McBane, J., and Garrison, P.: Preliminary report on the stratigraphy of the Belt Supergroup, Glacier National Park and adjacent Whitefish Range, Montana, Northwest Montana and adjacent Canada, in: Guidebook, edited by: McBane, J. D. and Garrison, P. B., Field Conference and Symposium, Belt Association, Pocatello, Idaho, Montana Geol. Soc., 33–50, 1984.
Young, N. E., Briner, J. P., Leonard, E. M., Licciardi, J. M., and Lee, K.:
Assessing climatic and nonclimatic forcing of Pinedale glaciation and
deglaciation in the western United States, Geology, 39, 171–174, 2011.
Zientek, M. L., Derkey, P. D., Miller, R. J., Causey, J. D., Bookstrom, A. A., Carlson, M. H., Green, G. N., Frost, T. P., Boleneus, D. E., and Evans, K. V.: Spatial databases for the geology of the Northern Rocky Mountains-Idaho, Montana, and Washington, US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1235, 201, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1235/ (last access: 20 January 2021), 2005.
Short summary
Glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains began retreating 17 000 to 18 000 years ago, after the end of the most recent global ice volume maxima. Climate in the region during this time was likely 10 to 8.5° colder than modern with less than or equal to present amounts of precipitation. Glaciers across the Rockies began retreating at different times but eventually exhibited similar patterns of retreat, suggesting a common mechanism influencing deglaciation.
Glaciers in the northern Rocky Mountains began retreating 17 000 to 18 000 years ago, after the...
