Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-633-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-633-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Simulation of ash clouds after a Laacher See-type eruption
Ulrike Niemeier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
The Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Felix Riede
Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University Moesgøard, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark
Claudia Timmreck
The Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption P. Abbott et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260
- Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations A. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
- The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud M. Abdelkader et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-471-2023
- Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores E. Cook et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107596
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- Dispersion and Aging of Volcanic Aerosols After the La Soufrière Eruption in April 2021 J. Bruckert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037694
- Stratigraphy and dating of Middle Pleistocene sediments from Rodderberg, Germany B. Zolitschka et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3654
- Discovery of Laacher See eruption in speleothem record synchronizes Greenland and central European Late Glacial climate change S. Warken et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt4057
- Large scale and regional demographic responses to climatic changes in Europe during the Final Palaeolithic I. Schmidt et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310942
- Sulfide inclusions in phenocrysts from basanite lithic clasts and mafic phonolite lapilli from the Upper Laacher See Tephra (Germany): Evolution of an immiscible sulfide liquid A. Andronikov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123670
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy – Part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol modules A. Laakso et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-93-2022
- Bad year econometrics: Agent-based modeling of risk management strategies under varying regimes of environmental change C. Wren et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr0314
- Assessing the stratospheric temperature response to volcanic sulfate injections by Mt. Pinatubo: insights from the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project K. Perny et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10997-2026
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption P. Abbott et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260
- Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations A. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
- The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud M. Abdelkader et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-471-2023
- Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores E. Cook et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107596
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- Dispersion and Aging of Volcanic Aerosols After the La Soufrière Eruption in April 2021 J. Bruckert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037694
- Stratigraphy and dating of Middle Pleistocene sediments from Rodderberg, Germany B. Zolitschka et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3654
- Discovery of Laacher See eruption in speleothem record synchronizes Greenland and central European Late Glacial climate change S. Warken et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt4057
- Large scale and regional demographic responses to climatic changes in Europe during the Final Palaeolithic I. Schmidt et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310942
- Sulfide inclusions in phenocrysts from basanite lithic clasts and mafic phonolite lapilli from the Upper Laacher See Tephra (Germany): Evolution of an immiscible sulfide liquid A. Andronikov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123670
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy – Part 1: Intercomparison of modal and sectional aerosol modules A. Laakso et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-93-2022
- Bad year econometrics: Agent-based modeling of risk management strategies under varying regimes of environmental change C. Wren et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr0314
- Assessing the stratospheric temperature response to volcanic sulfate injections by Mt. Pinatubo: insights from the Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project K. Perny et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10997-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Nov 2026
Short summary
The 13 kyr BP Laacher See eruption impacted local environments, human communities and climate. We have simulated the evolution of its fine ash and sulfur cloud such that it reflects the empirically known ash distribution. In our models, the heating of the ash causes a mesocyclone which changes the dispersion of the cloud itself, resulting in enhanced transport to low latitudes. This may partially explain why no Laacher See ash has yet been found in Greenlandic ice cores.
The 13 kyr BP Laacher See eruption impacted local environments, human communities and climate....
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