Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-269-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-269-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
28 Jan 2021
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 28 Jan 2021
| 28 Jan 2021
The Eocene–Oligocene transition: a review of marine and terrestrial proxy data, models and model–data comparisons
David K. Hutchinson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Helen K. Coxall
Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Daniel J. Lunt
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Margret Steinthorsdottir
Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
Agatha M. de Boer
Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Michiel Baatsen
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Anna von der Heydt
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Centre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Matthew Huber
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Alan T. Kennedy-Asser
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Lutz Kunzmann
Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany
Jean-Baptiste Ladant
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Caroline H. Lear
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Karolin Moraweck
Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany
Paul N. Pearson
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Emanuela Piga
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Matthew J. Pound
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Ulrich Salzmann
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Howie D. Scher
School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC, USA
Willem P. Sijp
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Kasia K. Śliwińska
Department of Stratigraphy, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
Paul A. Wilson
University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Zhongshi Zhang
Department of Atmospheric Science, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, China
NORCE Research and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
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Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Apr 2026
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Short summary
The Eocene–Oligocene transition was a major climate cooling event from a largely ice-free world to the first major glaciation of Antarctica, approximately 34 million years ago. This paper reviews observed changes in temperature, CO2 and ice sheets from marine and land-based records at this time. We present a new model–data comparison of this transition and find that CO2-forced cooling provides the best explanation of the observed global temperature changes.
The Eocene–Oligocene transition was a major climate cooling event from a largely ice-free world...
