Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2451-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2451-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Dec 2021
Research article |
| 02 Dec 2021
| 02 Dec 2021
Early Holocene cold snaps and their expression in the moraine record of the eastern European Alps
Sandra M. Braumann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Joerg M. Schaefer
Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Stephanie M. Neuhuber
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Christopher Lüthgens
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Alan J. Hidy
Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Markus Fiebig
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Gregor M. Rink, Gordon R. M. Bromley, Brenda L. Hall, Alan J. Hidy, and Zuzanna M. Swirad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3761, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3761, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
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To identify drivers of coastal erosion in western Ireland, we reconstructed cliff-retreat rates at two sites via cosmogenic nuclide geochemistry and modelling. At both sites, cliff retreat decelerated during the Holocene, but the rate of deceleration was spatially non-uniform due to differences in relative sea level. Variations in modern retreat rates likely reflect contrasting geomorphology, geology and different marine environments.
José M. Marmolejo-Cossío, Isaac J. Larsen, Eyal Marder, and Alan J. Hidy
Geochronology, 8, 547–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-8-547-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-8-547-2026, 2026
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Collision of cosmic rays with the atmosphere produces rare atoms, including beryllium-10, which falls out in precipitation and binds to soils. Measurements on glacial deposits from the last ice age in Colorado, USA show that millions of beryllium-10 atoms fall on each square centimeter of land each year. The rate of delivery increases with elevation and precipitation, which allowed us to make maps of the beryllium-10 flux for an entire watershed that will be used to measure erosion rates.
Tyler S. Anderson and Alan Hidy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4091, 2026
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We have developed a new method to measure stable Cl isotope ratios in rocks, improving on the standard method by preparing our samples in niobium instead of a silver bromide. This technique improves signal to noise by a factor of ~100, reduces sample measurement time and cost, and makes isotopic analyses of as little as 1 microgram of Cl extracted from a rock possible. This improves measurement of 36Cl and makes small or chlorine-poor samples accessible for stable isotope analysis.
Benjamin A. Keisling, Joerg M. Schaefer, Robert M. DeConto, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Caleb K. Walcott-George, Gisela Winckler, Allie Balter-Kennedy, and Sridhar Anandakrishnan
The Cryosphere, 20, 2961–2976, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2961-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2961-2026, 2026
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Understanding how much the Greenland ice sheet melted in response to past warmth helps better predicting future sea-level change. Here we present a framework called sea-level potential for using numerical ice-sheet model simulations to provide constraints on how much mass the ice sheet loses before different areas become ice-free. As observations from subglacial archives become more abundant, this framework can guide future subglacial sampling efforts.
Gustav Firla, Christopher Lüthgens, Thomas Burschil, Stephanie Neuhuber, Roberta Pini, Oscar Marchhart, Alexander Wieser, Clemens Schmalfuss, Ernst Kroemer, and Markus Fiebig
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 75, 85–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-85-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-75-85-2026, 2026
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Depositional single-grain feldspar luminescence ages reveal the filling of a glacially overdeepened basin during Marine Isotope Stage 8, representing rare evidence of this time frame in the northern Alpine foreland. Reflection seismic surveys revealed two cross-cutting glacial basins. The dated sediments reveal significantly younger ages than previously assumed. This represents a first step in a re-evaluation of the established Quaternary depositional chronology of the Bavarian Alpine foreland.
Thomas Burschil, Daniel Köhn, Matthias Körbe, Gerald Gabriel, Johannes Großmann, Gustav Firla, and Markus Fiebig
Solid Earth, 16, 1493–1507, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-1493-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-1493-2025, 2025
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The study investigates a glacially overdeepened basin near the town of Schäftlarn, Germany, to provide the datasets for the methodological developmonet of combining high-resolution seismic reflection (HRSR) and full-waveform inversion (FWI). Seismic data with different source and receiver configurations reveal detailed basin structures, including previously unknown internal reflectors. HRSR with S-waves show more details than P-waves. First FWI delivers consistent velocity models.
Jacob T. H. Anderson, Nicolás E. Young, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Karlee K. Prince, Caleb K. Walcott-George, Brandon L. Graham, Joanna Charton, Jason P. Briner, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 21, 2263–2281, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2263-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2263-2025, 2025
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We investigated retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation by dating glacial deposits exposed as the ice margin retreated. Our results from eastern and northeastern Greenland reveal ice margin retreat rates of 43 m/yr and 28 m/yr at two marine-terminating outlet glaciers. These retreat rates are consistent with late glacial and Holocene estimates across East Greenland, and are comparable to modern retreat rates observed in northeastern and northwestern Greenland.
Gustav Firla, Markus Fiebig, Titus Rauter, and Christopher Lüthgens
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 213–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-213-2025, 2025
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Glacio-lacustrine sediments from the overdeepened lower Salzach Valley were investigated. A 30 m long core retrieved sediments that could be identified as the “Salzburger Seeton”. Single-grain luminescence dating methods were applied on six samples spread over the whole depth of the core. The depositional age of these sediments was calculated to be 18.6 ± 0.9 ka. This time frame suggests that at least some shallow parts were filled by post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) lacustrine fine sediments.
John C. Gosse, Alan J. Hidy, Lauren MacLellan, Joel Pederson, Maya Soukup, Gerald Raab, Matt Drew, Sophie Norris, Marie-Cécile Piro, and William U. Woodley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4370, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4370, 2025
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A novel approach, µ-paleotopometry, bridges gaps among tools used to quantify landscape evolution. It computes landscape change by using concentrations of isotopes produced by cosmic rays deep below the Earth's surface to gauge changes in crustal shielding above each sample. We provide a state of knowledge, strategies, and limitations of this potentially useful approach to study landscape evolution at timescales that are important to tectonic and climatic processes and nuclear waste management.
Caleb K. Walcott-George, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Jason P. Briner, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Nicolás E. Young
The Cryosphere, 19, 2067–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2067-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2067-2025, 2025
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Understanding the history and drivers of Greenland Ice Sheet change is important for forecasting future ice sheet retreat. We combined geologic mapping and cosmogenic nuclide measurements to investigate how the Greenland Ice Sheet formed the landscape of Inglefield Land, northwestern Greenland. We found that Inglefield Land was covered by warm- and cold-based ice during multiple glacial cycles and that much of Inglefield Land is an ancient landscape.
Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Stephanie Neuhuber, Esther Hintersberger, and Jesper Nørgaard
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-59-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-59-2025, 2025
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Accurateness of dates and rates of landscape evolution depends on the precision of the geochronological data. This study offers a robust methodology of outlier identification for modelling the cosmogenic nuclide isochron burial age of fluvial sediments. The method is tested on a fluvial terrace of the Danube River in the Vienna Basin and provides novel information for the quantification of the uplift rate of the area. The presented methodology is applicable in other fluvial settings as well.
Allie Balter-Kennedy, Joerg M. Schaefer, Greg Balco, Meredith A. Kelly, Michael R. Kaplan, Roseanne Schwartz, Bryan Oakley, Nicolás E. Young, Jean Hanley, and Arianna M. Varuolo-Clarke
Clim. Past, 20, 2167–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2167-2024, 2024
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We date sedimentary deposits showing that the southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet was at or near its southernmost extent from ~ 26 000 to 21 000 years ago, when sea levels were at their lowest, with climate records indicating glacial conditions. Slow deglaciation began ~ 22 000 years ago, shown by a rise in modeled local summer temperatures, but significant deglaciation in the region did not begin until ~ 18 000 years ago, when atmospheric CO2 began to rise, marking the end of the last ice age.
Alia J. Lesnek, Joseph M. Licciardi, Alan J. Hidy, and Tyler S. Anderson
Geochronology, 6, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, 2024
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We present an improved workflow for extracting and measuring chlorine isotopes in rocks and minerals. Experiments on seven geologic samples demonstrate that our workflow provides reliable results while offering several distinct advantages over traditional methods. Most notably, our workflow reduces the amount of isotopically enriched chlorine spike used per rock sample by up to 95 %, which will allow researchers to analyze more samples using their existing laboratory supplies.
Joseph P. Tulenko, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, and Joerg M. Schaefer
Clim. Past, 20, 625–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-625-2024, 2024
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We take advantage of a site in Alaska – where climate records are limited and a former alpine glacier deposited a dense sequence of moraines spanning the full deglaciation – to construct a proxy summer temperature record. Building on age constraints for moraines in the valley, we reconstruct paleo-glacier surfaces and estimate the summer temperatures (relative to the Little Ice Age) for each moraine. The record suggests that the influence of North Atlantic climate forcing extended to Alaska.
Greg Balco, Alan J. Hidy, William T. Struble, and Joshua J. Roering
Geochronology, 6, 71–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, 2024
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We describe a new method of reconstructing the long-term, pre-observational frequency and/or intensity of wildfires in forested landscapes using trace concentrations of the noble gases helium and neon that are formed in soil mineral grains by cosmic-ray bombardment of the Earth's surface.
Jacob T. H. Anderson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Alan J. Hidy, Gary S. Wilson, Klaus Wilcken, Andrey Abramov, and Nikita Demidov
The Cryosphere, 17, 4917–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, 2023
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Antarctic permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Our data show that near-surface permafrost sediments were deposited ~180 000 years ago in Pearse Valley, while in lower Wright Valley sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or were deposited < 25 000 years ago. Our data also record Taylor Glacier retreat from Pearse Valley ~65 000–74 000 years ago and support antiphase dynamics between alpine glaciers and sea ice in the Ross Sea.
Brandon L. Graham, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Michele Koppes, Joerg M. Schaefer, Kristin Poinar, and Elizabeth K. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 17, 4535–4547, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, 2023
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Glacial erosion is a fundamental process operating on Earth's surface. Two processes of glacial erosion, abrasion and plucking, are poorly understood. We reconstructed rates of abrasion and quarrying in Greenland. We derive a total glacial erosion rate of 0.26 ± 0.16 mm per year. We also learned that erosion via these two processes is about equal. Because the site is similar to many other areas covered by continental ice sheets, these results may be applied to many places on Earth.
Adam C. Hawkins, Brian Menounos, Brent M. Goehring, Gerald Osborn, Ben M. Pelto, Christopher M. Darvill, and Joerg M. Schaefer
The Cryosphere, 17, 4381–4397, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4381-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4381-2023, 2023
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Our study developed a record of glacier and climate change in the Mackenzie and Selwyn mountains of northwestern Canada over the past several hundred years. We estimate temperature change in this region using several methods and incorporate our glacier record with models of climate change to estimate how glacier volume in our study area has changed over time. Models of future glacier change show that our study area will become largely ice-free by the end of the 21st century.
Allie Balter-Kennedy, Joerg M. Schaefer, Roseanne Schwartz, Jennifer L. Lamp, Laura Penrose, Jennifer Middleton, Jean Hanley, Bouchaïb Tibari, Pierre-Henri Blard, Gisela Winckler, Alan J. Hidy, and Greg Balco
Geochronology, 5, 301–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, 2023
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Cosmogenic nuclides like 10Be are rare isotopes created in rocks exposed at the Earth’s surface and can be used to understand glacier histories and landscape evolution. 10Be is usually measured in the mineral quartz. Here, we show that 10Be can be reliably measured in the mineral pyroxene. We use the measurements to determine exposure ages and understand landscape processes in rocks from Antarctica that do not have quartz, expanding the use of this method to new rock types.
Jacob Hardt, Nadav Nir, Christopher Lüthgens, Thomas M. Menn, and Brigitta Schütt
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, 2023
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We investigated the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the archaeological sites Hawelti–Melazo and the surroundings. We performed sedimentological analyses, as well as direct (luminescence) and indirect (radiocarbon) sediment dating, to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions, which we integrated into the wider context of Tigray.
Benjamin J. Stoker, Martin Margold, John C. Gosse, Alan J. Hidy, Alistair J. Monteath, Joseph M. Young, Niall Gandy, Lauren J. Gregoire, Sophie L. Norris, and Duane Froese
The Cryosphere, 16, 4865–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4865-2022, 2022
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The Laurentide Ice Sheet was the largest ice sheet to grow and disappear in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glaciation. In northwestern Canada, it covered the Mackenzie Valley, blocking the migration of fauna and early humans between North America and Beringia and altering the drainage systems. We reconstruct the timing of ice sheet retreat in this region and the implications for the migration of early humans into North America, the drainage of glacial lakes, and past sea level rise.
Flavio S. Anselmetti, Milos Bavec, Christian Crouzet, Markus Fiebig, Gerald Gabriel, Frank Preusser, Cesare Ravazzi, and DOVE scientific team
Sci. Dril., 31, 51–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-51-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-51-2022, 2022
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Previous glaciations eroded below the ice deep valleys in the Alpine foreland, which, with their sedimentary fillings, witness the timing and extent of these glacial advance–retreat cycles. Drilling such sedimentary sequences will thus provide well-needed evidence in order to reconstruct the (a)synchronicity of past ice advances in a trans-Alpine perspective. Eventually these data will document how the Alpine foreland was shaped and how the paleoclimate patterns varied along and across the Alps.
Jason P. Briner, Caleb K. Walcott, Joerg M. Schaefer, Nicolás E. Young, Joseph A. MacGregor, Kristin Poinar, Benjamin A. Keisling, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Mary R. Albert, Tanner Kuhl, and Grant Boeckmann
The Cryosphere, 16, 3933–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3933-2022, 2022
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The 7.4 m of sea level equivalent stored as Greenland ice is getting smaller every year. The uncertain trajectory of ice loss could be better understood with knowledge of the ice sheet's response to past climate change. Within the bedrock below the present-day ice sheet is an archive of past ice-sheet history. We analyze all available data from Greenland to create maps showing where on the ice sheet scientists can drill, using currently available drills, to obtain sub-ice materials.
Christopher Lüthgens and Jacob Hardt
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, 2022
Mae Kate Campbell, Paul R. Bierman, Amanda H. Schmidt, Rita Sibello Hernández, Alejandro García-Moya, Lee B. Corbett, Alan J. Hidy, Héctor Cartas Águila, Aniel Guillén Arruebarrena, Greg Balco, David Dethier, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 435–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, 2022
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We used cosmogenic radionuclides in detrital river sediment to measure erosion rates of watersheds in central Cuba; erosion rates are lower than rock dissolution rates in lowland watersheds. Data from two different cosmogenic nuclides suggest that some basins may have a mixed layer deeper than is typically modeled and could have experienced significant burial after or during exposure. We conclude that significant mass loss may occur at depth through chemical weathering processes.
Leah A. VanLandingham, Eric W. Portenga, Edward C. Lefroy, Amanda H. Schmidt, Paul R. Bierman, and Alan J. Hidy
Geochronology, 4, 153–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-153-2022, 2022
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This study presents erosion rates of the George River and seven of its tributaries in northeast Tasmania, Australia. These erosion rates are the first measures of landscape change over millennial timescales for Tasmania. We demonstrate that erosion is closely linked to a topographic rainfall gradient across George River. Our findings may be useful for efforts to restore ecological health to Georges Bay by determining a pre-disturbance level of erosion and sediment delivery to this estuary.
Irene Schimmelpfennig, Joerg M. Schaefer, Jennifer Lamp, Vincent Godard, Roseanne Schwartz, Edouard Bard, Thibaut Tuna, Naki Akçar, Christian Schlüchter, Susan Zimmerman, and ASTER Team
Clim. Past, 18, 23–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-23-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-23-2022, 2022
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Small mountain glaciers advance and recede as a response to summer temperature changes. Dating of glacial landforms with cosmogenic nuclides allowed us to reconstruct the advance and retreat history of an Alpine glacier throughout the past ~ 11 000 years, the Holocene. The results contribute knowledge to the debate of Holocene climate evolution, indicating that during most of this warm period, summer temperatures were similar to or warmer than in modern times.
Andrew J. Christ, Paul R. Bierman, Jennifer L. Lamp, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Gisela Winckler
Geochronology, 3, 505–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, 2021
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Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating is commonly used to constrain the timing of past glacier extents. However, Antarctic exposure age datasets are often scattered and difficult to interpret. We compile new and existing exposure ages of a glacial deposit with independently known age constraints and identify surface processes that increase or reduce the likelihood of exposure age scatter. Then we present new data for a previously unmapped and undated older deposit from the same region.
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Short summary
Glacier reconstructions provide insights into past climatic conditions and elucidate processes and feedbacks that modulate the climate system both in the past and present. We investigate the transition from the last glacial to the current interglacial and generate beryllium-10 moraine chronologies in glaciated catchments of the eastern European Alps. We find that rapid warming was superimposed by centennial-scale cold phases that appear to have influenced large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Glacier reconstructions provide insights into past climatic conditions and elucidate processes...
