Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2021
| 18 Jan 2021
Exploring a link between the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum and Neotethys continental arc flare-up
Annique van der Boon
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
now at: Geomagnetic Laboratory, Oliver Lodge Building, Department of Physics, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
Klaudia F. Kuiper
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Robin van der Ploeg
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
now at: Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Marlow Julius Cramwinckel
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
now at: National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Maryam Honarmand
Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran
Appy Sluijs
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
Wout Krijgsman
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cited
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The fossil assemblage from Pontils, a middle Eocene primate-bearing locality from Northeastern Spain R. Minwer-Barakat et al. 10.1080/02724634.2023.2259970
- Geochemical and Isotopic Evolution of Late Oligocene Magmatism in Quchan, NE Iran H. Moghadam et al. 10.1029/2021GC009973
- Fluvio-deltaic record of increased sediment transport during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), Southern Pyrenees, Spain S. Peris Cabré et al. 10.5194/cp-19-533-2023
- Geochemistry and petrogenesis of alkaline rear-arc magmatism in NW Iran H. Shafaii Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106590
- Enhanced volcanic activity and long-term warmth in the middle Eocene revealed by mercury and osmium isotopes from IODP Expedition 369 Site U1514 D. Lim et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118565
- Late Eocene stepwise seawater retreat from the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone (Alay Valley) in the western Tarim Basin, China J. Sun et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111603
- Stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in eastern Azerbaijan: Implications for petroleum systems and paleogeography in the Caspian basin V. Aghayeva et al. 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106148
- Correlating 300 million years of catastrophes A. Ivanov 10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119058
- North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming R. van der Ploeg et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110
- Lagoonal Microfacies, Lithostratigraphy, Correlation and Shale Migration of the Basal Middle Eocene Seeb Formation (Rusayl Embayment, Sultanate of Oman) F. Mattern et al. 10.3390/geosciences13090254
- Geochemical constraints on the geodynamic setting of Alborz-Azerbaijan Cenozoic magmatism M. Honarmand et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121889
- Carbon flux from hydrothermal skarn ore deposits and its potential impact to the environment W. Liu & B. Wan 10.1016/j.gr.2023.09.017
- Unraveling ecological signals related to the MECO onset through planktic and benthic foraminiferal records along a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shallow-water succession A. Gandolfi et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102388
- Temporal changes in subduction- to collision-related magmatism in the Neotethyan orogen: The Southeast Iran example H. Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103930
- A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia V. Brčić et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1224164
- The legacy of the Tethys Ocean: Anoxic seas, evaporitic basins, and megalakes in the Cenozoic of Central Europe D. Palcu et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104594
- Astronomical Pacing of Middle Eocene Sea‐Level Fluctuations: Inferences From Shallow‐Water Carbonate Ramp Deposits T. Brachert et al. 10.1029/2023PA004633
- Volcanic and orbitally forced carbon release during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum Y. Ma et al. 10.1130/G52435.1
- The dire straits of Paratethys: gateways to the anoxic giant of Eurasia D. Palcu & W. Krijgsman 10.1144/SP523-2021-73
- Propagating Neotethys slab break-off beneath Iran following Arabia-Eurasia collision A. van der Boon et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107737
- Slow-growing reef corals as climate archives: A case study of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum 40 Ma ago T. Brachert et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abm3875
- Mantle-derived high-K magmatic fluxes in northeast Iran arc: Constraints from zircon U-Pb-O-Hf and bulk rock major-trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes H. Shafaii Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.gr.2023.02.021
- Magmatic evolution of the migrating central Urumieh–Dokhtar arc, Iran: implications for magma production S. Babazadeh et al. 10.1007/s00531-023-02314-5
- Pulses in silicic arc magmatism initiate end-Permian climate instability and extinction T. Chapman et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-00934-1
- Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq R. Koshnaw et al. 10.5194/se-12-2479-2021
- Linking rapid eruption of the Linzizong volcanic rocks and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO): Constraints from the Pana Formation in the Linzhou and Pangduo basins, southern Tibet S. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107159
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The fossil assemblage from Pontils, a middle Eocene primate-bearing locality from Northeastern Spain R. Minwer-Barakat et al. 10.1080/02724634.2023.2259970
- Geochemical and Isotopic Evolution of Late Oligocene Magmatism in Quchan, NE Iran H. Moghadam et al. 10.1029/2021GC009973
- Fluvio-deltaic record of increased sediment transport during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), Southern Pyrenees, Spain S. Peris Cabré et al. 10.5194/cp-19-533-2023
- Geochemistry and petrogenesis of alkaline rear-arc magmatism in NW Iran H. Shafaii Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106590
- Enhanced volcanic activity and long-term warmth in the middle Eocene revealed by mercury and osmium isotopes from IODP Expedition 369 Site U1514 D. Lim et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118565
- Late Eocene stepwise seawater retreat from the Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone (Alay Valley) in the western Tarim Basin, China J. Sun et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111603
- Stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in eastern Azerbaijan: Implications for petroleum systems and paleogeography in the Caspian basin V. Aghayeva et al. 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106148
- Correlating 300 million years of catastrophes A. Ivanov 10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119058
- North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming R. van der Ploeg et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110
- Lagoonal Microfacies, Lithostratigraphy, Correlation and Shale Migration of the Basal Middle Eocene Seeb Formation (Rusayl Embayment, Sultanate of Oman) F. Mattern et al. 10.3390/geosciences13090254
- Geochemical constraints on the geodynamic setting of Alborz-Azerbaijan Cenozoic magmatism M. Honarmand et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121889
- Carbon flux from hydrothermal skarn ore deposits and its potential impact to the environment W. Liu & B. Wan 10.1016/j.gr.2023.09.017
- Unraveling ecological signals related to the MECO onset through planktic and benthic foraminiferal records along a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shallow-water succession A. Gandolfi et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102388
- Temporal changes in subduction- to collision-related magmatism in the Neotethyan orogen: The Southeast Iran example H. Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103930
- A time-space window between Eocene karst bauxite genesis and the first molasse deposition in the Dinaric Foreland Basin in the North Dalmatia, Croatia V. Brčić et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1224164
- The legacy of the Tethys Ocean: Anoxic seas, evaporitic basins, and megalakes in the Cenozoic of Central Europe D. Palcu et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104594
- Astronomical Pacing of Middle Eocene Sea‐Level Fluctuations: Inferences From Shallow‐Water Carbonate Ramp Deposits T. Brachert et al. 10.1029/2023PA004633
- Volcanic and orbitally forced carbon release during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum Y. Ma et al. 10.1130/G52435.1
- The dire straits of Paratethys: gateways to the anoxic giant of Eurasia D. Palcu & W. Krijgsman 10.1144/SP523-2021-73
- Propagating Neotethys slab break-off beneath Iran following Arabia-Eurasia collision A. van der Boon et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107737
- Slow-growing reef corals as climate archives: A case study of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum 40 Ma ago T. Brachert et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abm3875
- Mantle-derived high-K magmatic fluxes in northeast Iran arc: Constraints from zircon U-Pb-O-Hf and bulk rock major-trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes H. Shafaii Moghadam et al. 10.1016/j.gr.2023.02.021
- Magmatic evolution of the migrating central Urumieh–Dokhtar arc, Iran: implications for magma production S. Babazadeh et al. 10.1007/s00531-023-02314-5
- Pulses in silicic arc magmatism initiate end-Permian climate instability and extinction T. Chapman et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-00934-1
- Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq R. Koshnaw et al. 10.5194/se-12-2479-2021
- Linking rapid eruption of the Linzizong volcanic rocks and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO): Constraints from the Pana Formation in the Linzhou and Pangduo basins, southern Tibet S. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107159
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Dec 2024
Short summary
40.5 million years ago, Earth's climate warmed, but it is unknown why. Enhanced volcanism has been suggested, but this has not yet been tied to a specific region. We explore an increase in volcanism in Iran. We dated igneous rocks and compiled ages from the literature. We estimated the volume of igneous rocks in Iran in order to calculate the amount of CO2 that could have been released due to enhanced volcanism. We conclude that an increase in volcanism in Iran is a plausible cause of warming.
40.5 million years ago, Earth's climate warmed, but it is unknown why. Enhanced volcanism has...
