Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
18 Oct 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 18 Oct 2021
| 18 Oct 2021
New insights into the ∼ 74 ka Toba eruption from sulfur isotopes of polar ice cores
School Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, University Of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Andrea Burke
School Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, University Of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
William Hutchison
School Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, University Of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Mika Kohno
Geoscience Center (GZG), Department of Geochemistry, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Kathryn A. Moore
Department Of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Joel Savarino
Institut Des Géosciences De L'environnement, Grenoble, France
Emily A. Doyle
Department Of Earth Sciences, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Sue Mahony
School Of Earth Sciences, University Of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Sepp Kipfstuhl
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
James W. B. Rae
School Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, University Of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Robert C. J. Steele
School Of Earth And Environmental Sciences, University Of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
R. Stephen J. Sparks
School Of Earth Sciences, University Of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Eric W. Wolff
Department Of Earth Sciences, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On Synchronous Supereruptions A. Cisneros de León et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.827252
- Global climate disruption and regional climate shelters after the Toba supereruption B. Black et al. 10.1073/pnas.2013046118
- Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact H. Innes et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02095-6
- Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption J. Lin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108162
- Marine records reveal multiple phases of Toba’s last volcanic activity B. Caron et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-37999-w
- PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP) J. Schindlbeck-Belo et al. 10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024
- An analysis of Δ36S/Δ33S dependence on definitions of sulfur mass-independent fractionation Y. Endo et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122157
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black 10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- Coccolithophore assemblage composition during the Greenland Interstadial–Stadial 20 transition and their response to the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption ∼74,000 years ago in the northeastern Arabian Sea J. Guballa et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0310041
- Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years E. Wolff et al. 10.5194/cp-19-23-2023
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al. 10.1038/s41586-023-05751-z
- Disparate energy sources for slow and fast Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles D. Liebrand et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1447-2023
- Canadian forest fires, Icelandic volcanoes and increased local dust observed in six shallow Greenland firn cores H. Kjær et al. 10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022
- Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of Ice‐Wedges in Yakutia, East Siberia H. Jeong et al. 10.1002/ppp.2233
- Raman spectra of oxidized sulfur species in hydrothermal fluids C. Schmidt & S. Jahn 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108146
- High-Resolution UV Absorption Cross-Section Measurements of 32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S Sulfur Dioxide for the B~1B1−X~1A1 Absorption Band Y. Li et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00147
- Phasing and climate forcing potential of the Millennium Eruption of Mt. Baekdu G. Lee et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01713-z
- Bulk and grain-scale minor sulfur isotope data reveal complexities in the dynamics of Earth’s oxygenation G. Izon et al. 10.1073/pnas.2025606119
- Sulfur mass-independent fractionation during SO2 photolysis in low-temperature/pressure atmospheres Y. Endo et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121064
- An age scale for new climate records from Sherman Island, West Antarctica I. Rowell et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1699-2023
- Sulfur isotopes as biosignatures for Mars and Europa exploration A. Moreras-Marti et al. 10.1144/jgs2021-134
- When Eastern India Oscillated Between Desert Versus Savannah‐Dominated Vegetation C. Zorzi et al. 10.1029/2022GL099417
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On Synchronous Supereruptions A. Cisneros de León et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.827252
- Global climate disruption and regional climate shelters after the Toba supereruption B. Black et al. 10.1073/pnas.2013046118
- Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact H. Innes et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02095-6
- Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption J. Lin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108162
- Marine records reveal multiple phases of Toba’s last volcanic activity B. Caron et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-37999-w
- PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP) J. Schindlbeck-Belo et al. 10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024
- An analysis of Δ36S/Δ33S dependence on definitions of sulfur mass-independent fractionation Y. Endo et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122157
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black 10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- Coccolithophore assemblage composition during the Greenland Interstadial–Stadial 20 transition and their response to the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption ∼74,000 years ago in the northeastern Arabian Sea J. Guballa et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0310041
- Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years E. Wolff et al. 10.5194/cp-19-23-2023
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al. 10.1038/s41586-023-05751-z
- Disparate energy sources for slow and fast Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles D. Liebrand et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1447-2023
- Canadian forest fires, Icelandic volcanoes and increased local dust observed in six shallow Greenland firn cores H. Kjær et al. 10.5194/cp-18-2211-2022
- Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of Ice‐Wedges in Yakutia, East Siberia H. Jeong et al. 10.1002/ppp.2233
- Raman spectra of oxidized sulfur species in hydrothermal fluids C. Schmidt & S. Jahn 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108146
- High-Resolution UV Absorption Cross-Section Measurements of 32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S Sulfur Dioxide for the B~1B1−X~1A1 Absorption Band Y. Li et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00147
- Phasing and climate forcing potential of the Millennium Eruption of Mt. Baekdu G. Lee et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01713-z
- Bulk and grain-scale minor sulfur isotope data reveal complexities in the dynamics of Earth’s oxygenation G. Izon et al. 10.1073/pnas.2025606119
- Sulfur mass-independent fractionation during SO2 photolysis in low-temperature/pressure atmospheres Y. Endo et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121064
- An age scale for new climate records from Sherman Island, West Antarctica I. Rowell et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1699-2023
- Sulfur isotopes as biosignatures for Mars and Europa exploration A. Moreras-Marti et al. 10.1144/jgs2021-134
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
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Short summary
The ~ 74 ka eruption of Toba was one of the largest eruptions of the last 100 ka. We have measured the sulfur isotopic composition for 11 Toba eruption candidates in two Antarctic ice cores. Sulfur isotopes allow us to distinguish between large eruptions that have erupted material into the stratosphere and smaller ones that reach lower altitudes. Using this we have identified the events most likely to be Toba and place the eruption on the transition into a cold period in the Northern Hemisphere.
The ~ 74 ka eruption of Toba was one of the largest eruptions of the last 100 ka. We have...
