Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-575-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-575-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
30 Mar 2020
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 30 Mar 2020
| 30 Mar 2020
Terrestrial methane emissions from the Last Glacial Maximum to the preindustrial period
Thomas Kleinen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Uwe Mikolajewicz
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Victor Brovkin
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Modelling the Alternative Harvesting Effects on Soil Co2 and Ch4 Fluxes from Peatland Forest by Jsbach-Himmeli Model X. Li et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4170450
- Methane flux from Beringian coastal wetlands for the past 20,000 years M. Fuchs et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108976
- Atmospheric methane underestimated in future climate projections T. Kleinen et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac1814
- Atmospheric methane variability through the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation mainly controlled by tropical sources B. Riddell-Young et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01332-x
- Tropical vegetation productivity and atmospheric methane over the last 40,000 years from model simulations and stalagmites in Sulawesi, Indonesia C. Krause et al. 10.1017/qua.2023.75
- Future methane fluxes of peatlands are controlled by management practices and fluctuations in hydrological conditions due to climatic variability V. Tyystjärvi et al. 10.5194/bg-21-5745-2024
- Methane dynamics in vegetated habitats in inland waters: quantification, regulation, and global significance P. Bodmer et al. 10.3389/frwa.2023.1332968
- The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017 M. Saunois et al. 10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020
- Past permafrost dynamics can inform future permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks M. Jones et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00886-3
- Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257
- Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect F. O’Connor et al. 10.1029/2022MS002991
- Assessing modelled methane emissions over northern wetlands by the JULES-HIMMELI model Y. Gao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179526
- Review of the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary and Marine Isotope Stage 19 M. Head 10.1186/s40645-021-00439-2
- Partitioning anthropogenic and natural methane emissions in Finland during 2000–2021 by combining bottom-up and top-down estimates M. Tenkanen et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2181-2025
- Diverging responses of high-latitude CO2 and CH4 emissions in idealized climate change scenarios P. de Vrese et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1097-2021
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- Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations J. Schwinger et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1641-2022
- Using Atmospheric Inverse Modelling of Methane Budgets with Copernicus Land Water and Wetness Data to Detect Land Use-Related Emissions M. Tenkanen et al. 10.3390/rs16010124
- Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates K. Chang et al. 10.1111/gcb.16755
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. 10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- The role of wetland expansion and successional processes in methane emissions from northern wetlands during the Holocene C. Treat et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106864
- Peatlands and their carbon dynamics in northern high latitudes from 1990 to 2300: a process-based biogeochemistry model analysis B. Zhao & Q. Zhuang 10.5194/bg-20-251-2023
- Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe T. Aalto et al. 10.5194/bg-22-323-2025
- Timescales of the permafrost carbon cycle and legacy effects of temperature overshoot scenarios P. de Vrese & V. Brovkin 10.1038/s41467-021-23010-5
- Strong increase in thawing of subsea permafrost in the 22nd century caused by anthropogenic climate change S. Wilkenskjeld et al. 10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022
- A high-resolution satellite-based map of global methane emissions reveals missing wetland, fossil fuel, and monsoon sources X. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-23-3325-2023
- Cold‐Season Methane Fluxes Simulated by GCP‐CH4 Models A. Ito et al. 10.1029/2023GL103037
- Global Methane Budget 2000–2020 M. Saunois et al. 10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025
- Local oceanic CO2 outgassing triggered by terrestrial carbon fluxes during deglacial flooding T. Extier et al. 10.5194/cp-18-273-2022
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1197-2023
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2017 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Modelling the Alternative Harvesting Effects on Soil Co2 and Ch4 Fluxes from Peatland Forest by Jsbach-Himmeli Model X. Li et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4170450
- Methane flux from Beringian coastal wetlands for the past 20,000 years M. Fuchs et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108976
- Atmospheric methane underestimated in future climate projections T. Kleinen et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac1814
- Atmospheric methane variability through the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation mainly controlled by tropical sources B. Riddell-Young et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01332-x
- Tropical vegetation productivity and atmospheric methane over the last 40,000 years from model simulations and stalagmites in Sulawesi, Indonesia C. Krause et al. 10.1017/qua.2023.75
- Future methane fluxes of peatlands are controlled by management practices and fluctuations in hydrological conditions due to climatic variability V. Tyystjärvi et al. 10.5194/bg-21-5745-2024
- Methane dynamics in vegetated habitats in inland waters: quantification, regulation, and global significance P. Bodmer et al. 10.3389/frwa.2023.1332968
- The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017 M. Saunois et al. 10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020
- Past permafrost dynamics can inform future permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks M. Jones et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00886-3
- Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257
- Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect F. O’Connor et al. 10.1029/2022MS002991
- Assessing modelled methane emissions over northern wetlands by the JULES-HIMMELI model Y. Gao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179526
- Review of the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary and Marine Isotope Stage 19 M. Head 10.1186/s40645-021-00439-2
- Partitioning anthropogenic and natural methane emissions in Finland during 2000–2021 by combining bottom-up and top-down estimates M. Tenkanen et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2181-2025
- Diverging responses of high-latitude CO2 and CH4 emissions in idealized climate change scenarios P. de Vrese et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1097-2021
- Atmospheric methane since the last glacial maximum was driven by wetland sources T. Kleinen et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1081-2023
- Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations J. Schwinger et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1641-2022
- Using Atmospheric Inverse Modelling of Methane Budgets with Copernicus Land Water and Wetness Data to Detect Land Use-Related Emissions M. Tenkanen et al. 10.3390/rs16010124
- Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates K. Chang et al. 10.1111/gcb.16755
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. 10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- The role of wetland expansion and successional processes in methane emissions from northern wetlands during the Holocene C. Treat et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106864
- Peatlands and their carbon dynamics in northern high latitudes from 1990 to 2300: a process-based biogeochemistry model analysis B. Zhao & Q. Zhuang 10.5194/bg-20-251-2023
- Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe T. Aalto et al. 10.5194/bg-22-323-2025
- Timescales of the permafrost carbon cycle and legacy effects of temperature overshoot scenarios P. de Vrese & V. Brovkin 10.1038/s41467-021-23010-5
- Strong increase in thawing of subsea permafrost in the 22nd century caused by anthropogenic climate change S. Wilkenskjeld et al. 10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022
- A high-resolution satellite-based map of global methane emissions reveals missing wetland, fossil fuel, and monsoon sources X. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-23-3325-2023
- Cold‐Season Methane Fluxes Simulated by GCP‐CH4 Models A. Ito et al. 10.1029/2023GL103037
- Global Methane Budget 2000–2020 M. Saunois et al. 10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025
- Local oceanic CO2 outgassing triggered by terrestrial carbon fluxes during deglacial flooding T. Extier et al. 10.5194/cp-18-273-2022
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1197-2023
- The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2017 A. Petrescu et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 2: The global carbon cycle M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-3501-2023
Latest update: 28 Jun 2025
Short summary
We investigate the changes in natural methane emissions between the Last Glacial Maximum and preindustrial periods with a methane-enabled version of MPI-ESM. We consider all natural sources of methane except for emissions from wild animals and geological sources. Changes are dominated by changes in tropical wetland emissions, high-latitude wetlands play a secondary role, and all other natural sources are of minor importance. We explain the changes in ice core methane by methane emissions only.
We investigate the changes in natural methane emissions between the Last Glacial Maximum and...
