Research article
19 Oct 2020
Research article
| 19 Oct 2020
Life and death in the Chicxulub impact crater: a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Vann Smith et al.
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Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-104, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
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At the end of the Cretaceous Period, massive volcanism in India emitted enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to warm climate globally above an already-warm background state. We reconstruct late Cretaceous seawater temperatures much warmer than today using the chemistry of fossil oysters from the Netherlands and Belgium. Covariations in temperature and reconstructed water chemistry indicate changing ocean circulation patterns, potentially related to fluctuating sea level in this region.
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Our micropaleontological analyses on three cores from New Jersey (USA) show that the late Maastrichtian warming event (66.4–66.1 Ma), characterized by a ~ 4.0 °C warming of sea waters on the New Jersey paleoshelf, resulted in a disruption of phytoplankton communities and a stressed benthic ecosystem. This increased ecosystem stress during the latest Maastrichtian potentially primed global ecosystems for the subsequent mass extinction following the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary impact.
Johanna Lofi, David Smith, Chris Delahunty, Erwan Le Ber, Laurent Brun, Gilles Henry, Jehanne Paris, Sonia Tikoo, William Zylberman, Philippe A. Pezard, Bernard Célérier, Douglas R. Schmitt, Chris Nixon, and Expedition 364 Science Party
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In 2016 an international scientific expedition drilled a 1.3 km deep hole to explore the Chicxulub impact crater, buried below the surface of the Yucatán shelf (Mexico). This crater is linked to the End-Cretaceous mass extinction. Downhole logs have been acquired in the hole, providing several key parameters characterizing the geology of the crater. However, few of the data recorded may be artifacts and should not be misinterpreted as real geological features. They are discussed in this study.
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Clim. Past, 14, 725–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-725-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-725-2018, 2018
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In this work, we apply a range of methods to measure the geochemical composition of the calcite from fossil shells of Pycnodonte vesicularis (so-called honeycomb oysters). The goal is to investigate how the composition of these shells reflect the environment in which the animals grew. Ultimately, we propose a methodology to check whether the shells of pycnodonte oysters are well-preserved and to reconstruct meaningful information about the seasonal changes in the past climate and environment.
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Biogeosciences, 15, 1535–1548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1535-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1535-2018, 2018
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Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
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We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
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Biogeosciences, 14, 885–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, 2017
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The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, ~ 66 Ma, is characterized by a mass extinction. We studied groups of both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling organisms to unravel the oceanographic consequences of these extinctions. Our integrated records indicate that a reduction of the transport of organic matter to the sea floor resulted in enhanced recycling of nutrients in the upper water column and decreased food supply at the sea floor in the first tens of thousands of years after the extinctions.
Cornelia Mueller-Niggemann, Sri Rahayu Utami, Anika Marxen, Kai Mangelsdorf, Thorsten Bauersachs, and Lorenz Schwark
Biogeosciences, 13, 1647–1666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1647-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1647-2016, 2016
T. Bauersachs, J. Rochelmeier, and L. Schwark
Biogeosciences, 12, 3741–3751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3741-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3741-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject: Vegetation Dynamics | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Cenozoic
Eocene to Oligocene vegetation and climate in the Tasmanian Gateway region were controlled by changes in ocean currents and pCO2
Vegetation change across the Drake Passage region linked to late Eocene cooling and glacial disturbance after the Eocene–Oligocene transition
Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)
Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)
Southern high-latitude terrestrial climate change during the Palaeocene–Eocene derived from a marine pollen record (ODP Site 1172, East Tasman Plateau)
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Late Eocene to earliest Oligocene (37.97–33.06 Ma) climate and vegetation dynamics around the Tasmanian Gateway region reveal that changes in ocean circulation due to accelerated deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway may not have been solely responsible for the changes in terrestrial climate and vegetation; a series of regional and global events, including a change in stratification of water masses and changes in pCO2, may have played significant roles.
Nick Thompson, Ulrich Salzmann, Adrián López-Quirós, Peter K. Bijl, Frida S. Hoem, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabine Roignant, Emma Hocking, Michael Amoo, and Carlota Escutia
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New pollen and spore data from the Antarctic Peninsula region reveal temperate rainforests that changed and adapted in response to Eocene climatic cooling, roughly 35.5 Myr ago, and glacially related disturbance in the early Oligocene, approximately 33.5 Myr ago. The timing of these events indicates that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, although ocean gateways may have played a role in climate cooling.
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This paper presents the first late Pliocene high-resolution pollen record for the Norwegian Arctic, covering the time period 3.60 to 3.14 million years ago (Ma). The climate of the late Pliocene has been widely regarded as relatively stable. Our results suggest a high climate variability with alternating cool temperate forests during warmer-than-presen periods and boreal forests similar to today during cooler intervals. A spread of peatlands at the expense of forest indicates long-term cooling.
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Short summary
A rare tropical record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, a potential analog for future global warming, has been identified from post-impact strata in the Chicxulub crater. Multiproxy analysis has yielded evidence for increased humidity, increased pollen and fungi input, salinity stratification, bottom water anoxia, and sea surface temperatures up to 38 °C. Pollen and plant spore assemblages indicate a nearby diverse coastal shrubby tropical forest resilient to hyperthermal conditions.
A rare tropical record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, a potential analog for future...