Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1395-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1395-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Causes of increased flood frequency in central Europe in the 19th century
Stefan Brönnimann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Luca Frigerio
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Mikhaël Schwander
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Geneva, Switzerland
Marco Rohrer
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Peter Stucki
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Jörg Franke
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Viewed
Total article views: 4,469 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 15 Feb 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,937 | 1,367 | 165 | 4,469 | 211 | 219 | 215 |
- HTML: 2,937
- PDF: 1,367
- XML: 165
- Total: 4,469
- Supplement: 211
- BibTeX: 219
- EndNote: 215
Total article views: 3,583 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Jul 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,581 | 845 | 157 | 3,583 | 211 | 206 | 204 |
- HTML: 2,581
- PDF: 845
- XML: 157
- Total: 3,583
- Supplement: 211
- BibTeX: 206
- EndNote: 204
Total article views: 886 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 15 Feb 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 356 | 522 | 8 | 886 | 13 | 11 |
- HTML: 356
- PDF: 522
- XML: 8
- Total: 886
- BibTeX: 13
- EndNote: 11
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,469 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,133 with geography defined
and 336 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,583 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,334 with geography defined
and 249 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 886 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 799 with geography defined
and 87 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A 225-year (1799–2024) homogenized daily water level series of the Vistula River in Warsaw Ł. Sobechowicz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6101-2026
- The observed evolution of sub‐daily to multi‐day heavy precipitation in Switzerland V. Bauer & S. Scherrer https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1240
- Synthetic weather diaries: concept and application to Swiss weather in 1816 S. Brönnimann https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1937-2020
- Local geomorphic effects in the presence of accumulations of different densities H. Al-Zawaidah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107838
- Influence of warming and atmospheric circulation changes on multidecadal European flood variability S. Brönnimann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-919-2022
- Past evolution of western Europe large-scale circulation and link to precipitation trend in the northern French Alps A. Blanc et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-231-2022
- 600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–2019 C. Pfister et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024
- Climate projections in Lake Maggiore watershed using statistical downscaling model H. Saidi et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01613
- Volcano–climate interactions: reframing the volcano–climate puzzle D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-026-01446-5
- Evaluating changes in flood frequency due to climate change in the Western Cape, South Africa K. Pillay & M. Simatele https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-024-02786-0
- Engineering and land use intensified climate-driven Yangtze River flood hazards since the Little Ice Age S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2529389123
- Evaluation des incertitudes et de l’homogénéité de longues séries de débits de crue sur le Rhin à Bâle (1225–2017) et Maxau (1815–2018) M. Lang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/27678490.2022.2053313
- From climate to weather reconstructions S. Brönnimann & X. Wang https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000034
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A 225-year (1799–2024) homogenized daily water level series of the Vistula River in Warsaw Ł. Sobechowicz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6101-2026
- The observed evolution of sub‐daily to multi‐day heavy precipitation in Switzerland V. Bauer & S. Scherrer https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1240
- Synthetic weather diaries: concept and application to Swiss weather in 1816 S. Brönnimann https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1937-2020
- Local geomorphic effects in the presence of accumulations of different densities H. Al-Zawaidah et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107838
- Influence of warming and atmospheric circulation changes on multidecadal European flood variability S. Brönnimann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-919-2022
- Past evolution of western Europe large-scale circulation and link to precipitation trend in the northern French Alps A. Blanc et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-231-2022
- 600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–2019 C. Pfister et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024
- Climate projections in Lake Maggiore watershed using statistical downscaling model H. Saidi et al. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01613
- Volcano–climate interactions: reframing the volcano–climate puzzle D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-026-01446-5
- Evaluating changes in flood frequency due to climate change in the Western Cape, South Africa K. Pillay & M. Simatele https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-024-02786-0
- Engineering and land use intensified climate-driven Yangtze River flood hazards since the Little Ice Age S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2529389123
- Evaluation des incertitudes et de l’homogénéité de longues séries de débits de crue sur le Rhin à Bâle (1225–2017) et Maxau (1815–2018) M. Lang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/27678490.2022.2053313
- From climate to weather reconstructions S. Brönnimann & X. Wang https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000034
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Sep 2026
Short summary
During the 19th century flood frequency was high in central Europe, but it was low in the mid-20th century. This paper tracks these decadal changes in flood frequency for the case of Switzerland from peak discharge data back to precipitation data and daily weather reconstructions. We find an increased frequency in flood-prone weather types during large parts of the 19th century and decreased frequency in the mid-20th century. Sea-surface temperature anomalies can only explain a small part of it.
During the 19th century flood frequency was high in central Europe, but it was low in the...