Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1869-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1869-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaluating the timing and structure of the 4.2 ka event in the Indian summer monsoon domain from an annually resolved speleothem record from Northeast India
Gayatri Kathayat
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Hai Cheng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
USA
Ashish Sinha
Department of Earth Science, California State University Dominguez
Hills, Carson, USA
Max Berkelhammer
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Illinois, Chicago, USA
Haiwei Zhang
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Pengzhen Duan
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Hanying Li
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Xianglei Li
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
Youfeng Ning
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong
University, Xi'an, China
R. Lawrence Edwards
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
USA
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64 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Low-latitude forcing on 4.2 ka event indicated by records in the Asian monsoon region X. Zhou et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104401
- Geoscientific and Geoheritage Value of Waterfall Calc Tufa and Speleothem Deposits from Semi-arid Upland Deccan Traps, India M. Ukey & R. Pardeshi 10.1007/s12371-023-00828-7
- Environmental variability at the margin of the South American monsoon system recorded by a high-resolution sediment record from Lagoa Dourada (South Brazil) B. Zolitschka et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107204
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- Climatic and hydrological variations on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau during the last 30,000 years inferred from a sediment core of Lake Zabuye M. Li et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2022.10.015
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- Monitoring hydroecology and climatic variability since ~4.6 ka from palynological, sedimentological and environmental perspectives in an Ox-bow lake, Central Ganga Plain, India A. Farooqui et al. 10.1177/09596836231183067
- Controls on Speleothem Initial 234U/238U Ratios in a Monsoon Climate J. Oster et al. 10.1029/2023GC010899
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- The late Holocene hydroclimate variability in the Northwest Himalaya: Sedimentary clues from the Wular Lake, Kashmir Valley A. Lone et al. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105184
- Trace element variations in Indian speleothems: Insights into the Holocene climate I. Roy & N. Gandhi 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.08.007
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- The centennial-resolution loess δDwax record indicates summer precipitation variations in the marginal region of the East Asian monsoon during the last deglaciation Z. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111961
- Diatom-based indications of an environmental regime shift and droughts associated with seasonal monsoons during the Holocene in Biển Hồ maar lake, the Central Highlands, Vietnam H. Đào-Trung et al. 10.1177/09596836241236342
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- Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis A. Perşoiu et al. 10.5194/cp-15-781-2019
- Abrupt changes in the southwest monsoon during Mid-Late Holocene in the western Bay of Bengal P. Govil et al. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105100
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- The ‘4.2 ka drought event’ and the fall of the Harappan Civilization: A critical review T. Jahan & M. Quamar 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105187
- The Indian Summer Monsoon from a Speleothem δ18O Perspective—A Review N. Kaushal et al. 10.3390/quat1030029
- Larger floods of Himalayan foothill rivers sustained flows in the Ghaggar–Hakra channel during Harappan age A. Singh et al. 10.1002/jqs.3320
- Hydroclimate change in the Garhwal Himalaya, India at 4200 yr BP coincident with the contraction of the Indus civilization E. Niederman et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-02496-5
- Investigating possible links between Holocene environmental changes and cultural transitions across India D. Behera & P. Chauhan 10.1177/09596836231157060
- A Holocene history of the Indian monsoon from Qilu Lake, southwestern China A. Hillman et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106051
- Debris flow events of 4000 a BP and its resulting archaeological site destruction in Qian River gorge, the upper reach of Wei River, central China S. Fan et al. 10.1002/gj.3879
- Abrupt changes in Indian summer monsoon strength during the last ~900 years and their linkages to socio-economic conditions in the Indian subcontinent A. Gupta et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109347
- Chinese stalagmite paleoclimate researches: A review and perspective H. Cheng et al. 10.1007/s11430-019-9478-3
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- Holocene climate events and associated land use changes in the eastern coast of India: Inferences from the Chilika Lagoon R. Ahmad Shah et al. 10.1177/09596836221106964
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- Weakening monsoon event during 2.8 ka BP in East China linked to the North Atlantic cooling X. Jin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108037
- Tropical Indian Ocean basin hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition and the double drying hypothesis N. Scroxton et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107837
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- Fossil leaf wax hydrogen isotopes reveal variability of Atlantic and Mediterranean climate forcing on the southeast Iberian Peninsula between 6000 to 3000 cal. BP J. Schirrmacher et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0243662
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- A substantial meltwater event on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the middle to late Holocene transition Z. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108996
- Indian summer monsoon variability in northeastern India during the last two millennia S. Dutt et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.10.021
- Response of trace and rare earth elements to environmental changes in a stalagmite from southern India for the last deglaciation W. Raza et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.003
- Recurring summer and winter droughts from 4.2-3.97 thousand years ago in north India A. Giesche et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00763-z
- Subdividing the Holocene Series/Epoch: formalization of stages/ages and subseries/subepochs, and designation of GSSPs and auxiliary stratotypes M. WALKER et al. 10.1002/jqs.3097
- Reconstruction of the late Holocene climate variability from the summer monsoon dominated Bhagirathi valley, western Himalaya I. Roy et al. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105080
- SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models L. Comas-Bru et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020
- Spatially diverse hydroclimatic response to the 4.2 ka event in the Asian monsoon region J. Lin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107809
- Mid–late Holocene event registered in organo-siliciclastic sediments of Lagoa Salgada carbonate system, southeast Brazil A. Soares Cruz et al. 10.5194/cp-15-1363-2019
- Additional multi-proxy stalagmite evidence from northeast Namibia supports recent models of wetter conditions during the 4.2 ka Event in the Southern Hemisphere L. Railsback et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110756
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- Middle to late Holocene hydroclimate instability in the Yangtze River Delta region of China inferred from phytolith records, and its implications for societal disruption L. Xueming et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112079
- A stalagmite δ18O record from Jinfo Cave, southern China reveals early-mid holocene variations in the East Asian Summer Monsoon X. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.01.002
- Landscape evolution of the NW Himalayan rivers during the late Quaternary and their non-contemporaneity to the Harappan Civilization I. Khan et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108622
- Last 10 millennial history of Indian summer monsoon in the Bengal region – a multi-proxy reconstruction from a lacustrine archive R. Ghosh et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111308
- Evidence for Seawater Retreat With Advent of Meghalayan Era (∼4200 a BP) in a Coastal Harappan Settlement A. Das et al. 10.1029/2021GC010264
- Pastoralism, climate change, and the transformation of the Indus Civilization in Gujarat: Faunal analyses and biogenic isotopes B. Chase et al. 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101173
- Local hydrology control of radiocarbon in stalagmites from the Kyusendo Cave, Kumamoto, Japan S. Hirabayashi et al. 10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100232
- A Bayesian change point analysis re-examines the 4.2 ka BP event in southeast Europe and southwest Asia Z. Bora Ön 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108163
- Surface oceanographic changes from ∼ 25,000 to 3500 cal yr BP in the eastern Arabian Sea J. Majumder et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104397
- New definition for the subdivision of the Holocene Epoch and climate S. Hirabayashi & Y. Yokoyama 10.4116/jaqua.59.129
- Mid–late Holocene palaeoclimate and biogeochemical evolution of Wular Lake, Kashmir Valley, India R. Shah et al. 10.1002/jqs.3565
- Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California: Evidence from δ18O in Chione californiensis F. Arenas et al. 10.1177/09596836211066594
- A Bayesian test for the 4.2 ka BP abrupt climatic change event in southeast Europe and southwest Asia using structural time series analysis of paleoclimate data Z. Ön et al. 10.1007/s10584-021-03010-6
- Impact of Indian Summer Monsoon Change on Ancient Indian Civilizations During the Holocene A. Laskar & A. Bohra 10.3389/feart.2021.709455
- Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its underlying climate dynamics H. Cheng et al. 10.1073/pnas.2007869117
- Imprints of Holocene aridity variability in the Aegean Sea and interconnections with north-latitude areas A. Noti et al. 10.1177/09596836241247300
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Nov 2024
Short summary
The 4.2 ka event is generally characterized as an approximately 300-year period of major global climate anomaly. However, the climatic manifestation of this event remains unclear in the Indian monsoon domain. Our high-resolution and precisely dated speleothem record from Meghalaya, India, characterizes the event as consisting of a series of multi-decadal droughts between 3.9 and 4.0 ka rather than a singular pulse of multi-centennial drought as previously thought.
The 4.2 ka event is generally characterized as an approximately 300-year period of major global...
Special issue