Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-339-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 18 Feb 2016
Effects of eustatic sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on atmospheric pCO2 and seawater composition over the last 130 000 years: a model study
K. Wallmann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1–3,
24148 Kiel, Germany
B. Schneider
Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
M. Sarnthein
Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Institut für Geologie, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 50, 6020
Innsbruck, Austria
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Nutrient turnover by large sulfur bacteria on the Namibian mud belt during the low productivity season P. Chuang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.929913
- Modeling 400–500-kyr Pleistocene carbon isotope cyclicity through variations in the dissolved organic carbon pool W. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.04.001
- The effect of ocean alkalinity and carbon transfer on deep-sea carbonate ion concentration during the past five glacial cycles J. Kerr et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.042
- Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-849-2019
- Origin of the long-term increase in coccolith size and its implication for carbon cycle and climate over the past 2 Myr X. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107642
- Planktic14C Plateaus: A Result of Short-Term Sedimentation Pulses? S. Balmer & M. Sarnthein https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.100
- Periodic changes in the Cretaceous ocean and climate caused by marine redox see-saw K. Wallmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0359-x
- Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes A. Dinauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1159-2020
- A Three-Dimensional Model of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum Constrained by Sedimentary Isotopes C. Somes et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00108
- Glacial CO2 decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust A. Yamamoto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-981-2019
- Ideas and perspectives: Sea-level change, anaerobic methane oxidation, and the glacial–interglacial phosphorus cycle B. Sundby et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022
- Quantitative reconstruction of deglacial bottom-water nitrate in marginal Pacific seas using the pore density of denitrifying benthic foraminifera A. Govindankutty Menon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1853-2025
- Chemical Alteration of Riverine Particles in Seawater and Marine Sediments: Effects on Seawater Composition and Atmospheric CO2 K. Wallmann et al. https://doi.org/10.2475/001c.87455
- Coupling of oceanic carbon and nitrogen facilitates spatially resolved quantitative reconstruction of nitrate inventories N. Glock et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03647-5
- Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis M. Sarnthein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020
- The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum E. Galbraith & L. Skinner https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010906
- Complementary constraints from carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes on the glacial ocean's soft‐tissue biological pump A. Schmittner & C. Somes https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002905
- Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO2 evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity A. Ganopolski & V. Brovkin https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
- Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle O. Cartapanis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018
- Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations H. Jurikova et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4
- Updated estimates of sedimentary potassium sequestration and phosphorus release on the Amazon shelf T. Spiegel et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.120017
- Sediment fluxes dominate glacial–interglacial changes in ocean carbon inventory: results from factorial simulations over the past 780 000 years M. Adloff et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-571-2025
- Glacial terminations or glacial interruptions? L. Stott https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104756
- Shallow marine carbonates as recorders of orbitally induced past climate changes – example from the Oxfordian of the Swiss Jura Mountains A. Strasser https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2117-2022
- Carbon Cycle Responses to Changes in Weathering and the Long‐Term Fate of Stable Carbon Isotopes A. Jeltsch‐Thömmes & F. Joos https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004577
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Nutrient turnover by large sulfur bacteria on the Namibian mud belt during the low productivity season P. Chuang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.929913
- Modeling 400–500-kyr Pleistocene carbon isotope cyclicity through variations in the dissolved organic carbon pool W. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.04.001
- The effect of ocean alkalinity and carbon transfer on deep-sea carbonate ion concentration during the past five glacial cycles J. Kerr et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.042
- Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-849-2019
- Origin of the long-term increase in coccolith size and its implication for carbon cycle and climate over the past 2 Myr X. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107642
- Planktic14C Plateaus: A Result of Short-Term Sedimentation Pulses? S. Balmer & M. Sarnthein https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.100
- Periodic changes in the Cretaceous ocean and climate caused by marine redox see-saw K. Wallmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0359-x
- Mysteriously high Δ14C of the glacial atmosphere: influence of 14C production and carbon cycle changes A. Dinauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1159-2020
- A Three-Dimensional Model of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum Constrained by Sedimentary Isotopes C. Somes et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00108
- Glacial CO2 decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust A. Yamamoto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-981-2019
- Ideas and perspectives: Sea-level change, anaerobic methane oxidation, and the glacial–interglacial phosphorus cycle B. Sundby et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022
- Quantitative reconstruction of deglacial bottom-water nitrate in marginal Pacific seas using the pore density of denitrifying benthic foraminifera A. Govindankutty Menon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1853-2025
- Chemical Alteration of Riverine Particles in Seawater and Marine Sediments: Effects on Seawater Composition and Atmospheric CO2 K. Wallmann et al. https://doi.org/10.2475/001c.87455
- Coupling of oceanic carbon and nitrogen facilitates spatially resolved quantitative reconstruction of nitrate inventories N. Glock et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03647-5
- Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis M. Sarnthein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2547-2020
- The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum E. Galbraith & L. Skinner https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010906
- Complementary constraints from carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes on the glacial ocean's soft‐tissue biological pump A. Schmittner & C. Somes https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002905
- Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO2 evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity A. Ganopolski & V. Brovkin https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
- Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle O. Cartapanis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1819-2018
- Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations H. Jurikova et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4
- Updated estimates of sedimentary potassium sequestration and phosphorus release on the Amazon shelf T. Spiegel et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.120017
- Sediment fluxes dominate glacial–interglacial changes in ocean carbon inventory: results from factorial simulations over the past 780 000 years M. Adloff et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-571-2025
- Glacial terminations or glacial interruptions? L. Stott https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104756
- Shallow marine carbonates as recorders of orbitally induced past climate changes – example from the Oxfordian of the Swiss Jura Mountains A. Strasser https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2117-2022
- Carbon Cycle Responses to Changes in Weathering and the Long‐Term Fate of Stable Carbon Isotopes A. Jeltsch‐Thömmes & F. Joos https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004577
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
An Earth system model was set up and applied to evaluate the effects of sea-level change, ocean dynamics, and nutrient utilization on seawater composition and atmospheric pCO2 over the last glacial cycle. The model results strongly suggest that global sea-level change contributed significantly to the slow glacial decline in atmospheric pCO2 and the gradual pCO2 increase over the Holocene whereas the rapid deglacial pCO2 rise was induced by fast changes in ocean dynamics and nutrient utilization.
An Earth system model was set up and applied to evaluate the effects of sea-level change, ocean...
