Articles | Volume 12, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2271-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2271-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Dec 2016
Research article |
| 22 Dec 2016
The simulated climate of the Last Glacial Maximum and insights into the global marine carbon cycle
Pearse J. Buchanan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO Marine Laboratories, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Richard J. Matear
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO Marine Laboratories, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Andrew Lenton
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO Marine Laboratories, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Steven J. Phipps
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Zanna Chase
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
David M. Etheridge
CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon–climate feedbacks accelerate ocean acidification R. Matear & A. Lenton 10.5194/bg-15-1721-2018
- Paleoceanographic conditions at approximately 20 and 70 ka recorded in Kikaithyris hanzawai (Brachiopoda) shells M. Takizawa et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.002
- Glacial–interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification B. Gaye et al. 10.5194/bg-15-507-2018
- Temperature dependency of metabolic rates in the upper ocean: A positive feedback to global climate change? F. Boscolo-Galazzo et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.08.017
- Greenhouse gas fluxes from different types of permafrost regions in the Daxing'an Mountains, Northeast China D. Gao et al. 10.1007/s11356-023-29262-6
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- A Last Glacial Maximum forcing dataset for ocean modelling A. Morée & J. Schwinger 10.5194/essd-12-2971-2020
- Deglacial carbon cycle changes observed in a compilation of 127 benthic δ13C time series (20–6 ka) C. Peterson & L. Lisiecki 10.5194/cp-14-1229-2018
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Reconstructing the Oxygen Depth Profile in the Arabian Sea During the Last Glacial Period W. Lu et al. 10.1029/2023PA004632
- Nitrogen isotope evidence for oxygenated upper ocean during the Cryogenian interglacial period G. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120929
- Dynamic Biological Functioning Important for Simulating and Stabilizing Ocean Biogeochemistry P. Buchanan et al. 10.1002/2017GB005753
- Proxies for paleo-oxygenation: A downcore comparison between benthic foraminiferal surface porosity and I/Ca W. Lu et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110588
- Ocean Productivity in the Gulf of Cadiz Over the Last 50 kyr A. Penaud et al. 10.1029/2021PA004316
- The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum E. Galbraith & L. Skinner 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010906
- Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets K. Kemppinen et al. 10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019
- Evaluating the biological pump efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean using <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C A. Morée et al. 10.5194/cp-17-753-2021
- Southern ocean response to glacial and interglacial forcing N. Leonardo et al. 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104642
- Ocean carbon and nitrogen isotopes in CSIRO Mk3L-COAL version 1.0: a tool for palaeoceanographic research P. Buchanan et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1491-2019
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations J. Gottschalk et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.013
- Glacial CO<sub>2</sub> decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust A. Yamamoto et al. 10.5194/cp-15-981-2019
- What can Palaeoclimate Modelling do for you? A. Haywood et al. 10.1007/s41748-019-00093-1
- Response of a comprehensive climate model to a broad range of external forcings: relevance for deep ocean ventilation and the development of late Cenozoic ice ages E. Galbraith & C. de Lavergne 10.1007/s00382-018-4157-8
- Simulation of Carbon Exchange from a Permafrost Peatland in the Great Hing’an Mountains Based on CoupModel Y. Li et al. 10.3390/atmos13010044
- The impact of ICE‐6G ice sheet topography in the oceanic carbonate system N. Leonardo et al. 10.1002/joc.8236
- Greenhouse gas fluxes response to autumn freeze–thaw period in continuous permafrost region of Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China D. Gao et al. 10.1007/s11356-022-20371-2
- Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO<sub>2</sub> evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity A. Ganopolski & V. Brovkin 10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon–climate feedbacks accelerate ocean acidification R. Matear & A. Lenton 10.5194/bg-15-1721-2018
- Paleoceanographic conditions at approximately 20 and 70 ka recorded in Kikaithyris hanzawai (Brachiopoda) shells M. Takizawa et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.002
- Glacial–interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification B. Gaye et al. 10.5194/bg-15-507-2018
- Temperature dependency of metabolic rates in the upper ocean: A positive feedback to global climate change? F. Boscolo-Galazzo et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.08.017
- Greenhouse gas fluxes from different types of permafrost regions in the Daxing'an Mountains, Northeast China D. Gao et al. 10.1007/s11356-023-29262-6
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- A Last Glacial Maximum forcing dataset for ocean modelling A. Morée & J. Schwinger 10.5194/essd-12-2971-2020
- Deglacial carbon cycle changes observed in a compilation of 127 benthic δ13C time series (20–6 ka) C. Peterson & L. Lisiecki 10.5194/cp-14-1229-2018
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Reconstructing the Oxygen Depth Profile in the Arabian Sea During the Last Glacial Period W. Lu et al. 10.1029/2023PA004632
- Nitrogen isotope evidence for oxygenated upper ocean during the Cryogenian interglacial period G. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120929
- Dynamic Biological Functioning Important for Simulating and Stabilizing Ocean Biogeochemistry P. Buchanan et al. 10.1002/2017GB005753
- Proxies for paleo-oxygenation: A downcore comparison between benthic foraminiferal surface porosity and I/Ca W. Lu et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110588
- Ocean Productivity in the Gulf of Cadiz Over the Last 50 kyr A. Penaud et al. 10.1029/2021PA004316
- The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum E. Galbraith & L. Skinner 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010906
- Coupled climate–carbon cycle simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> decrease using a large ensemble of modern plausible parameter sets K. Kemppinen et al. 10.5194/cp-15-1039-2019
- Evaluating the biological pump efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum ocean using <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C A. Morée et al. 10.5194/cp-17-753-2021
- Southern ocean response to glacial and interglacial forcing N. Leonardo et al. 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104642
- Ocean carbon and nitrogen isotopes in CSIRO Mk3L-COAL version 1.0: a tool for palaeoceanographic research P. Buchanan et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1491-2019
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations J. Gottschalk et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.013
- Glacial CO<sub>2</sub> decrease and deep-water deoxygenation by iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust A. Yamamoto et al. 10.5194/cp-15-981-2019
- What can Palaeoclimate Modelling do for you? A. Haywood et al. 10.1007/s41748-019-00093-1
- Response of a comprehensive climate model to a broad range of external forcings: relevance for deep ocean ventilation and the development of late Cenozoic ice ages E. Galbraith & C. de Lavergne 10.1007/s00382-018-4157-8
- Simulation of Carbon Exchange from a Permafrost Peatland in the Great Hing’an Mountains Based on CoupModel Y. Li et al. 10.3390/atmos13010044
- The impact of ICE‐6G ice sheet topography in the oceanic carbonate system N. Leonardo et al. 10.1002/joc.8236
- Greenhouse gas fluxes response to autumn freeze–thaw period in continuous permafrost region of Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China D. Gao et al. 10.1007/s11356-022-20371-2
- Simulation of climate, ice sheets and CO<sub>2</sub> evolution during the last four glacial cycles with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity A. Ganopolski & V. Brovkin 10.5194/cp-13-1695-2017
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Nov 2024
Short summary
We quantify the contributions of physical and biogeochemical changes in the ocean to enhancing ocean carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum. We find that simulated circulation and surface conditions cannot explain changes in carbon storage or other major biogeochemical fields that existed during the glacial climate. Key modifications to the functioning of the biological pump are therefore required to explain the glacial climate and improve model–proxy agreement for all fields.
We quantify the contributions of physical and biogeochemical changes in the ocean to enhancing...
