Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-939-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-939-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Jun 2015
Research article |
| 24 Jun 2015
Reconciling reconstructed and simulated features of the winter Pacific/North American pattern in the early 19th century
D. Zanchettin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Calle Larga Santa Marta, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy
HZG, Helmholtz Center Geesthacht, Max Planck Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
F. Lehner
Climate and Environmental Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
currently at: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
P. Ortega
LOCEAN-IPSL/UPMC, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France
C. C. Raible
Climate and Environmental Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
D. Swingedouw
UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC – OASU – Université de Bordeaux, Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac CEDEX, France
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Pacific-North American teleconnection in the Cenozoic Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104402
- Pacific North American circulation pattern links external forcing and North American hydroclimatic change over the past millennium Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618201114
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Continental-scale temperature variability in PMIP3 simulations and PAGES 2k regional temperature reconstructions over the past millennium https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1673-2015
- A Spatiotemporal Assessment of Extreme Cold in Northwestern North America Following the Unidentified 1809 CE Volcanic Eruption C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004581
- The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6 D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016
- A Bayesian hierarchical approach for spatial analysis of climate model bias in multi-model ensembles M. Arisido et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1383-2
- Interannual climate variability drives regional fires in west central British Columbia, Canada J. Harvey & D. Smith https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003661
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Aerosol and Solar Irradiance Effects on Decadal Climate Variability and Predictability D. Zanchettin https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0065-y
- Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review P. Moffa‐Sánchez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003508
- Differential Credibility of Climate Modes in CMIP6 J. Coburn & S. Pryor https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0359.1
- Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
- The Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Tropical Hydroclimate R. D’Agostino et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071025-112048
- Evaluation of iterative Kalman smoother schemes for multi-decadal past climate analysis with comprehensive Earth system models J. García-Pintado & A. Paul https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5051-2018
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Pacific-North American teleconnection in the Cenozoic Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104402
- Pacific North American circulation pattern links external forcing and North American hydroclimatic change over the past millennium Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618201114
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Continental-scale temperature variability in PMIP3 simulations and PAGES 2k regional temperature reconstructions over the past millennium https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1673-2015
- A Spatiotemporal Assessment of Extreme Cold in Northwestern North America Following the Unidentified 1809 CE Volcanic Eruption C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004581
- The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6 D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016
- A Bayesian hierarchical approach for spatial analysis of climate model bias in multi-model ensembles M. Arisido et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-017-1383-2
- Interannual climate variability drives regional fires in west central British Columbia, Canada J. Harvey & D. Smith https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003661
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Aerosol and Solar Irradiance Effects on Decadal Climate Variability and Predictability D. Zanchettin https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0065-y
- Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review P. Moffa‐Sánchez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003508
- Differential Credibility of Climate Modes in CMIP6 J. Coburn & S. Pryor https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0359.1
- Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
- The Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Tropical Hydroclimate R. D’Agostino et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071025-112048
- Evaluation of iterative Kalman smoother schemes for multi-decadal past climate analysis with comprehensive Earth system models J. García-Pintado & A. Paul https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5051-2018
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Oct 2026
Short summary
A discrepancy exists between reconstructed and simulated Pacific North American pattern (PNA) features during the early 19th century. Pseudo-reconstructions demonstrate that the available PNA reconstruction is potentially skillful but also potentially affected by a number of sources of uncertainty and deficiencies especially at multidecadal and centennial timescales. Simulations and reconstructions can be reconciled by attributing the reconstructed PNA features to internal variability.
A discrepancy exists between reconstructed and simulated Pacific North American pattern (PNA)...
