Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-643-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-643-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Mar 2014
Research article |
| 27 Mar 2014
Climate variability over the last 92 ka in SW Balkans from analysis of sediments from Lake Prespa
K. Panagiotopoulos
Seminar of Geography and Education, University of Cologne, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Cologne, Germany
A. Böhm
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
M. J. Leng
Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
B. Wagner
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
F. Schäbitz
Seminar of Geography and Education, University of Cologne, Gronewaldstraße 2, 50931 Cologne, Germany
Related authors
Alice R. Paine, Isabel M. Fendley, Joost Frieling, Tamsin A. Mather, Jack H. Lacey, Bernd Wagner, Stuart A. Robinson, David M. Pyle, Alexander Francke, Theodore R. Them II, and Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos
Biogeosciences, 21, 531–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many important processes within the global mercury (Hg) cycle operate over thousands of years. Here, we explore the timing, magnitude, and expression of Hg signals retained in sediments of lakes Prespa and Ohrid over the past ∼90 000 years. Divergent signals suggest that local differences in sediment composition, lake structure, and water balance influence the local Hg cycle and determine the extent to which sedimentary Hg signals reflect local- or global-scale environmental changes.
Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders, Kirstin Föller, Biagio Giaccio, Andon Grazhdani, Torsten Hauffe, Jens Holtvoeth, Sebastien Joannin, Elena Jovanovska, Janna Just, Katerina Kouli, Andreas Koutsodendris, Sebastian Krastel, Jack H. Lacey, Niklas Leicher, Melanie J. Leng, Zlatko Levkov, Katja Lindhorst, Alessia Masi, Anna M. Mercuri, Sebastien Nomade, Norbert Nowaczyk, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Odile Peyron, Jane M. Reed, Eleonora Regattieri, Laura Sadori, Leonardo Sagnotti, Björn Stelbrink, Roberto Sulpizio, Slavica Tofilovska, Paola Torri, Hendrik Vogel, Thomas Wagner, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, George A. Wolff, Thomas Wonik, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Xiaosen S. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 2033–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid is considered to be the oldest existing lake in Europe. Moreover, it has a very high degree of endemic biodiversity. During a drilling campaign at Lake Ohrid in 2013, a 569 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Ohrid. The ongoing studies of this record provide first important information on the environmental and evolutionary history of the lake and the reasons for its high endimic biodiversity.
Laura Sadori, Andreas Koutsodendris, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Alessia Masi, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Alexander Francke, Katerina Kouli, Sébastien Joannin, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Paola Torri, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Gaia Sinopoli, and Timme H. Donders
Biogeosciences, 13, 1423–1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania) is the deepest, largest and oldest lake in Europe. To understand the climatic and environmental evolution of its area, a palynological study was undertaken for the last 500 ka. We found a correspondence between forested/non-forested periods and glacial-interglacial cycles of marine isotope stratigraphy. Our record shows a progressive change from cooler and wetter to warmer and dryer interglacial conditions. This shift is also visible in glacial vegetation.
B. Wagner, M. J. Leng, T. Wilke, A. Böhm, K. Panagiotopoulos, H. Vogel, J. H. Lacey, G. Zanchetta, and R. Sulpizio
Clim. Past, 10, 261–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-261-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-261-2014, 2014
Biagio Giaccio, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Adele Bertini, Gian Paolo Cavinato, Roberto de Franco, Fabio Florindo, David A. Hodell, Thomas A. Neubauer, Sebastien Nomade, Alison Pereira, Laura Sadori, Sara Satolli, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Paul Albert, Paolo Boncio, Cindy De Jonge, Alexander Francke, Christine Heim, Alessia Masi, Marta Marchegiano, Helen M. Roberts, Anders Noren, and the MEME team
Sci. Dril., 33, 249–266, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 42 Earth scientists from 14 countries met in Gioia dei Marsi, central Italy, on 23 to 27 October 2023 to explore the potential for deep drilling of the thick lake sediment sequence of the Fucino Basin. The aim was to reconstruct the history of climate, ecosystem, and biodiversity changes and of the explosive volcanism and tectonics in central Italy over the last 3.5 million years, constrained by a detailed radiometric chronology.
Alice R. Paine, Isabel M. Fendley, Joost Frieling, Tamsin A. Mather, Jack H. Lacey, Bernd Wagner, Stuart A. Robinson, David M. Pyle, Alexander Francke, Theodore R. Them II, and Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos
Biogeosciences, 21, 531–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many important processes within the global mercury (Hg) cycle operate over thousands of years. Here, we explore the timing, magnitude, and expression of Hg signals retained in sediments of lakes Prespa and Ohrid over the past ∼90 000 years. Divergent signals suggest that local differences in sediment composition, lake structure, and water balance influence the local Hg cycle and determine the extent to which sedimentary Hg signals reflect local- or global-scale environmental changes.
Stephanie Scheidt, Matthias Lenz, Ramon Egli, Dominik Brill, Martin Klug, Karl Fabian, Marlene M. Lenz, Raphael Gromig, Janet Rethemeyer, Bernd Wagner, Grigory Federov, and Martin Melles
Geochronology, 4, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Levinson-Lessing Lake in northern central Siberia provides an exceptional opportunity to study the evolution of the Earth's magnetic field in the Arctic. This is the first study carried out at the lake that focus on the palaeomagnetic record. It presents the relative palaeointensity and palaeosecular variation of the upper 38 m of sediment core Co1401, spanning ~62 kyr. A comparable high-resolution record of this time does not exist in the Eurasian Arctic.
Gaia Sinopoli, Odile Peyron, Alessia Masi, Jens Holtvoeth, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori
Clim. Past, 15, 53–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Climate changes occur today as they occurred in the past. This study deals with climate changes reconstructed at Lake Ohrid (Albania and FYROM) between 160 000 and 70 000 years ago. Climate reconstruction, based on a high-resolution pollen study, provides quantitative estimates of past temperature and precipitation. Our data show an alternation of cold/dry and warm/wet periods. The last interglacial appears to be characterized by temperatures higher than nowadays.
Alessia Masi, Alexander Francke, Caterina Pepe, Matthias Thienemann, Bernd Wagner, and Laura Sadori
Clim. Past, 14, 351–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-351-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first high-resolution Lake Dojran pollen record for the last 12 500 years is presented. The ecological succession shows Late Glacial steppe vegetation gradually replaced, since 11 500 yr BP, by Holocene mesophilous forests. The first human traces are recorded around 5000 yr BP and increased considerably since the Bronze Age. Pollen data and sedimentological, biomarker and diatom data available from the same core contribute to an understanding of the environmental history of the Balkans.
Jack Longman, Daniel Veres, Vasile Ersek, Ulrich Salzmann, Katalin Hubay, Marc Bormann, Volker Wennrich, and Frank Schäbitz
Clim. Past, 13, 897–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-897-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-897-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first record of dust input into an eastern European bog over the past 10 800 years. We find significant changes in past dust deposition, with large inputs related to both natural and human influences. We show evidence that Saharan desertification has had a significant impact on dust deposition in eastern Europe for the past 6100 years.
Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders, Kirstin Föller, Biagio Giaccio, Andon Grazhdani, Torsten Hauffe, Jens Holtvoeth, Sebastien Joannin, Elena Jovanovska, Janna Just, Katerina Kouli, Andreas Koutsodendris, Sebastian Krastel, Jack H. Lacey, Niklas Leicher, Melanie J. Leng, Zlatko Levkov, Katja Lindhorst, Alessia Masi, Anna M. Mercuri, Sebastien Nomade, Norbert Nowaczyk, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Odile Peyron, Jane M. Reed, Eleonora Regattieri, Laura Sadori, Leonardo Sagnotti, Björn Stelbrink, Roberto Sulpizio, Slavica Tofilovska, Paola Torri, Hendrik Vogel, Thomas Wagner, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, George A. Wolff, Thomas Wonik, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Xiaosen S. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 2033–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid is considered to be the oldest existing lake in Europe. Moreover, it has a very high degree of endemic biodiversity. During a drilling campaign at Lake Ohrid in 2013, a 569 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Ohrid. The ongoing studies of this record provide first important information on the environmental and evolutionary history of the lake and the reasons for its high endimic biodiversity.
Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Elena Jovanovska, Alexander Francke, Slavica Tofilovska, Hendrik Vogel, Zlatko Levkov, Timme H. Donders, Bernd Wagner, and Friederike Wagner-Cremer
Biogeosciences, 13, 3147–3162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3147-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3147-2016, 2016
Karsten Schittek, Sebastian T. Kock, Andreas Lücke, Jonathan Hense, Christian Ohlendorf, Julio J. Kulemeyer, Liliana C. Lupo, and Frank Schäbitz
Clim. Past, 12, 1165–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1165-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cushion peatlands are versatile climate archives for the study of past environmental changes. We present the environmental history for the last 2100 years of Cerro Tuzgle peatland, which is located in the NW Argentine Puna. The results reflect prominent late Holocene climate anomalies and provide evidence that Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations were extensive. Volcanic forcing at the beginning of the 19th century seems to have had an impact on climatic settings in the Central Andes
Giovanni Zanchetta, Eleonora Regattieri, Biagio Giaccio, Bernd Wagner, Roberto Sulpizio, Alex Francke, Hendrik Vogel, Laura Sadori, Alessia Masi, Gaia Sinopoli, Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, and Niklas Leicher
Biogeosciences, 13, 2757–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2757-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2757-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Chronology is fundamental in paleoclimatology for understanding timing of events and their origin. In this paper we try to obtain a more detailed chronology for the interval comprised between ca. 140 and 70 ka for the DEEP core in Lake Ohrid using regional independently-dated archives (i.e. speleothems and/or lacustrine succession with well-dated volcanic layers). This allows to insert the DEEP chronology within a common chronological frame between different continental and marine proxy records.
Janna Just, Norbert R. Nowaczyk, Leonardo Sagnotti, Alexander Francke, Hendrik Vogel, Jack H. Lacey, and Bernd Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 2093–2109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The magnetic record from Lake Ohrid reflects a strong change in geochemical conditions in the lake. Before 320 ka glacial sediments contain iron sulfides, while later glacials are dominated by siderite. Superimposed on this large-scale pattern are climatic induced changes in the magnetic mineralogy. Glacial and stadial sediments are characterized by relative increases of high- vs. low-coercivity minerals which relate to enhanced erosion in the catchment, possibly due to a sparse vegetation.
Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Alexander Francke, Hilary J. Sloane, Antoni Milodowski, Hendrik Vogel, Henrike Baumgarten, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Bernd Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 1801–1820, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1801-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1801-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We use stable isotope data from carbonates to provide a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction covering the last 637 kyr at Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania). Our results indicate a relatively stable climate until 450 ka, wetter climate conditions at 400–250 ka, and a transition to a drier climate after 250 ka. This work emphasises the importance of Lake Ohrid as a valuable archive of climate change in the northern Mediterranean region.
Laura Sadori, Andreas Koutsodendris, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Alessia Masi, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Alexander Francke, Katerina Kouli, Sébastien Joannin, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Paola Torri, Bernd Wagner, Giovanni Zanchetta, Gaia Sinopoli, and Timme H. Donders
Biogeosciences, 13, 1423–1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania) is the deepest, largest and oldest lake in Europe. To understand the climatic and environmental evolution of its area, a palynological study was undertaken for the last 500 ka. We found a correspondence between forested/non-forested periods and glacial-interglacial cycles of marine isotope stratigraphy. Our record shows a progressive change from cooler and wetter to warmer and dryer interglacial conditions. This shift is also visible in glacial vegetation.
X. S. Zhang, J. M. Reed, J. H. Lacey, A. Francke, M. J. Leng, Z. Levkov, and B. Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 1351–1365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1351-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1351-2016, 2016
Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, Janna Just, Niklas Leicher, Raphael Gromig, Henrike Baumgarten, Hendrik Vogel, Jack H. Lacey, Laura Sadori, Thomas Wonik, Melanie J. Leng, Giovanni Zanchetta, Roberto Sulpizio, and Biagio Giaccio
Biogeosciences, 13, 1179–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1179-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1179-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) is thought to be more than 1.2 million years old. To recover a long paleoclimate record for the Mediterranean region, a deep drilling was carried out in 2013 within the scope of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project. Here, we present lithological, sedimentological, and (bio-)geochemical data from the upper 247.8 m composite depth of the overall 569 m long DEEP site record.
Elena Jovanovska, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Torsten Hauffe, Zlatko Levkov, Bernd Wagner, Roberto Sulpizio, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, and Thomas Wilke
Biogeosciences, 13, 1149–1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1149-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1149-2016, 2016
A. Cohen, C. Campisano, R. Arrowsmith, A. Asrat, A. K. Behrensmeyer, A. Deino, C. Feibel, A. Hill, R. Johnson, J. Kingston, H. Lamb, T. Lowenstein, A. Noren, D. Olago, R. B. Owen, R. Potts, K. Reed, R. Renaut, F. Schäbitz, J.-J. Tiercelin, M. H. Trauth, J. Wynn, S. Ivory, K. Brady, R. O'Grady, J. Rodysill, J. Githiri, J. Russell, V. Foerster, R. Dommain, S. Rucina, D. Deocampo, J. Russell, A. Billingsley, C. Beck, G. Dorenbeck, L. Dullo, D. Feary, D. Garello, R. Gromig, T. Johnson, A. Junginger, M. Karanja, E. Kimburi, A. Mbuthia, T. McCartney, E. McNulty, V. Muiruri, E. Nambiro, E. W. Negash, D. Njagi, J. N. Wilson, N. Rabideaux, T. Raub, M. J. Sier, P. Smith, J. Urban, M. Warren, M. Yadeta, C. Yost, and B. Zinaye
Sci. Dril., 21, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An initial description of the scientific rationale, drilling and core handling, and initial core description activities of the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP). HSPDP is a large international consortium whose objective is to collect cores from lakebeds in proximity to important fossil early human fossil sites in eastern Africa, to better understand the environmental and climatic context of human evolution.
H. Baumgarten, T. Wonik, D. C. Tanner, A. Francke, B. Wagner, G. Zanchetta, R. Sulpizio, B. Giaccio, and S. Nomade
Biogeosciences, 12, 7453–7465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7453-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7453-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Gamma ray (GR) fluctuations and K values from downhole logging data obtained in the sediments of Lake Ohrid correlate with the global climate reference record (LR04 stack from δ18O) (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). GR and K values are considered a reliable proxy to depict glacial-interglacial cycles and document warm, humid and cold, drier periods. A robust age model for the downhole logging data over the past 630kyr was established and will play a crucial role for other working groups.
B. Giaccio, E. Regattieri, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, P. Galli, G. Mannella, E. Niespolo, E. Peronace, P. R. Renne, S. Nomade, G. P. Cavinato, P. Messina, A. Sposato, C. Boschi, F. Florindo, F. Marra, and L. Sadori
Sci. Dril., 20, 13–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-13-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
As a pilot study for a possible depth-drilling project, an 82m long sedimentary succession was retrieved from the Fucino Basin, central Apennines, which hosts ca. 900m of lacustrine sediments. The acquired paleoclimatic record, from the retrieved core, spans the last 180ka and reveals noticeable variations related to the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. In light of these results, the Fucino sediments are likely to provide one of the longest continuous record for the last 2Ma.
K. R. Hendry, G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, and M. Maldonado
Biogeosciences, 12, 3489–3498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The stable isotope composition of benthic sponge silica skeletons (spicules) has been shown to be a source of useful palaeoceanographic information about past deep seawater chemistry. Here, we investigate the biological vital effects on silica stable isotope composition in a Southern Ocean carnivorous sponge, Asbestopluma sp. We find significant variations in isotopic composition within the specimen – in both silicon and oxygen isotopes – that appear to be related to unusual spicule growth.
H. A. Dugan, P. T. Doran, B. Wagner, F. Kenig, C. H. Fritsen, S. A. Arcone, E. Kuhn, N. E. Ostrom, J. P. Warnock, and A. E. Murray
The Cryosphere, 9, 439–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-439-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-439-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Vida is one of the largest lakes in the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, and has the thickest known ice cover of any lake on Earth. For the first time, Lake Vida was drilled to a depth of 27m. With depth the ice cover changes from freshwater ice to salty ice interspersed with thick sediment layers. It is hypothesized that the repetition of sediment layers in the ice will reveal climatic and hydrologic variability in the region over the last 1000--3000 years.
K. Schittek, M. Forbriger, B. Mächtle, F. Schäbitz, V. Wennrich, M. Reindel, and B. Eitel
Clim. Past, 11, 27–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-27-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-27-2015, 2015
B. Wagner, T. Wilke, S. Krastel, G. Zanchetta, R. Sulpizio, K. Reicherter, M. J. Leng, A. Grazhdani, S. Trajanovski, A. Francke, K. Lindhorst, Z. Levkov, A. Cvetkoska, J. M. Reed, X. Zhang, J. H. Lacey, T. Wonik, H. Baumgarten, and H. Vogel
Sci. Dril., 17, 19–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-19-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-19-2014, 2014
V. Foerster, A. Junginger, A. Asrat, H. F. Lamb, M. Weber, J. Rethemeyer, U. Frank, M. C. Brown, M. H. Trauth, and F. Schaebitz
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-977-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-977-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
B. Wagner, M. J. Leng, T. Wilke, A. Böhm, K. Panagiotopoulos, H. Vogel, J. H. Lacey, G. Zanchetta, and R. Sulpizio
Clim. Past, 10, 261–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-261-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-261-2014, 2014
M. Magny, N. Combourieu-Nebout, J. L. de Beaulieu, V. Bout-Roumazeilles, D. Colombaroli, S. Desprat, A. Francke, S. Joannin, E. Ortu, O. Peyron, M. Revel, L. Sadori, G. Siani, M. A. Sicre, S. Samartin, A. Simonneau, W. Tinner, B. Vannière, B. Wagner, G. Zanchetta, F. Anselmetti, E. Brugiapaglia, E. Chapron, M. Debret, M. Desmet, J. Didier, L. Essallami, D. Galop, A. Gilli, J. N. Haas, N. Kallel, L. Millet, A. Stock, J. L. Turon, and S. Wirth
Clim. Past, 9, 2043–2071, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2043-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2043-2013, 2013
A. Francke, B. Wagner, M. J. Leng, and J. Rethemeyer
Clim. Past, 9, 481–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-481-2013, 2013
M. Damaschke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, A. Böhm, N. Nowaczyk, J. Rethemeyer, and A. Hilgers
Clim. Past, 9, 267–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, 2013
B. Wagner, A. Francke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, K. Lindhorst, S. Krastel, H. Vogel, J. Rethemeyer, G. Daut, A. Grazhdani, B. Lushaj, and S. Trajanovski
Clim. Past, 8, 2069–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2069-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2069-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Vegetation Dynamics | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Millenial/D-O
Relationships between low-temperature fires, climate and vegetation during three late glacials and interglacials of the last 430 kyr in northeastern Siberia reconstructed from monosaccharide anhydrides in Lake El'gygytgyn sediments
A new high-resolution pollen sequence at Lake Van, Turkey: insights into penultimate interglacial–glacial climate change on vegetation history
Millennial-scale vegetation changes in the tropical Andes using ecological grouping and ordination methods
Impacts of climate and humans on the vegetation in northwestern Turkey: palynological insights from Lake Iznik since the Last Glacial
Geochronological database and classification system for age uncertainties in Neotropical pollen records
Abrupt climate and vegetation variability of eastern Anatolia during the last glacial
Ultra-high resolution pollen record from the northern Andes reveals rapid shifts in montane climates within the last two glacial cycles
Elisabeth Dietze, Kai Mangelsdorf, Andrei Andreev, Cornelia Karger, Laura T. Schreuder, Ellen C. Hopmans, Oliver Rach, Dirk Sachse, Volker Wennrich, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Clim. Past, 16, 799–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-799-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-799-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term climate change impacts on fire, vegetation and permafrost in the Arctic are uncertain. Here, we show the high potential of organic compounds from low-temperature biomass burning to serve as proxies for surface fires in lake deposits. During warm periods of the last 430 000 years, surface fires are closely linked to the larch taiga forest with its moss–lichen ground vegetation that isolates the permafrost. They have reduced in warm–wet, spruce–dominated and cool–dry steppe environments.
Nadine Pickarski and Thomas Litt
Clim. Past, 13, 689–710, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-689-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-689-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new detailed pollen and isotope record from Lake Van (Turkey) spanning the period from 250 to 128 ka. In contrast to SW Europe, all three terrestrial warm intervals at Lake Van are characterized by clear interglacial conditions. The largest forest expansion occurred during MIS 7c instead of MIS 7e. Our record also reveals high oscillations between 193 and 157 ka followed by low variations (157 to 131 ka) that highlighted Dansgaard–Oeschger-like events during the penultimate glacial.
Dunia H. Urrego, Henry Hooghiemstra, Oscar Rama-Corredor, Belen Martrat, Joan O. Grimalt, Lonnie Thompson, Mark B. Bush, Zaire González-Carranza, Jennifer Hanselman, Bryan Valencia, and César Velásquez-Ruiz
Clim. Past, 12, 697–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-697-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-697-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compare eight pollen records reflecting environmental change in the tropical Andes over the past 30 000 years. Our analysis focuses on the signature of millennial-scale climate variability in the tropical Andes: Heinrich stadials (HS) and Greenland interstadials (GI). We identify rapid responses of the tropical vegetation, with downslope upper forest line (UFL) migrations and cooling during HS and the Younger Dryas.
Andrea Miebach, Phoebe Niestrath, Patricia Roeser, and Thomas Litt
Clim. Past, 12, 575–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-575-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-575-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the vegetation and climate in northwestern Turkey during the last ca. 31 000 years based on a new pollen data set from lacustrine sediment cores. The study reveals vegetation responses to long-term and rapid climate changes. Moreover, it documents human activities in the catchment of Lake Iznik and shows a clear anthropogenic impact on the vegetation since the Early Bronze Age.
S. G. A. Flantua, M. Blaauw, and H. Hooghiemstra
Clim. Past, 12, 387–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-387-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-387-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a review of chronological dating from ca. 1100 fossil pollen records in Central and South America. Additionally, a temporal quality assessment is implemented on 292 records from northwest South America, which include recalibrating 234 age models. This method evaluates uncertainties for inferred sample ages and chronologies. Important time windows on centennial-millennial climate variability are discussed for sample resolution (estimated years/sample) and temporal uncertainty.
N. Pickarski, O. Kwiecien, D. Langgut, and T. Litt
Clim. Past, 11, 1491–1505, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1491-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1491-2015, 2015
M. H. M. Groot, R. G. Bogotá, L. J. Lourens, H. Hooghiemstra, M. Vriend, J. C. Berrio, E. Tuenter, J. Van der Plicht, B. Van Geel, M. Ziegler, S. L. Weber, A. Betancourt, L. Contreras, S. Gaviria, C. Giraldo, N. González, J. H. F. Jansen, M. Konert, D. Ortega, O. Rangel, G. Sarmiento, J. Vandenberghe, T. Van der Hammen, M. Van der Linden, and W. Westerhoff
Clim. Past, 7, 299–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-299-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-299-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Albrecht, C., Schultheiß, R., Kevrekidis, T., Streit, B., and Wilke, T.: Invaders or endemics? Molecular phylogenetics, biogeography and systematics of Dreissena in the Balkans, Freshwater Biol., 52, 1525–1536, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.2007.52.issue-8, 2007.
Allen, J. R. M., Brandt, U., Brauer, A., Hubberten, H. W., and Huntley, B.: Rapid environmental changes in southern Europe during the last glacial period, Nature, 400, 740–743, 1999.
Allen, J. R. M., Watts, W. A., and Huntley, B.: Weichselian palynostratigraphy, palaeovegetation and palaeoenvironment; the record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy, Quatern. Int., 73/74, 91–110, 2000.
Aufgebauer, A., Panagiotopoulos, K., Wagner, B., Schaebitz, F., Viehberg, F. A., Vogel, H., Zanchetta, G., Sulpizio, R., Leng, M. J., and Damaschke, M.: Climate and environmental change in the Balkans over the last 17 ka recorded in sediments from Lake Prespa (Albania/F.Y.R. of Macedonia/Greece), Quatern. Int., 274, 122–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.015, 2012.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., and Kaufman, A.: Timing and hydrological conditions of Sapropel events in the Eastern Mediterranean, as evident from speleothems, Soreq cave, Israel, Chem. Geol., 169, 145–156, 2000.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Gilmour, M., Matthews, A., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Sea-land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 3181–3199, 2003.
Benazzi, S., Douka, K., Fornai, C., Bauer, C. C., Kullmer, O., Svoboda, J., Pap, I., Mallegni, F., Bayle, P., Coquerelle, M., Condemi, S., Ronchitelli, A., Harvati, K., and Weber, G. W.: Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour, Nature, 479, 525–528, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10617, 2011.
Bennett, K. D., Tzedakis, P. C., and Willis, K. J.: Quaternary refugia of north European trees, J. Biogeogr., 18, 103–115, 1991.
Blondel, J., Aronson, J., Bodiou, J.-Y., and Boef, G.: The Mediterranean Region. Biological Diversity in Space and Time, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.
Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and Bonani, G.: Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice, Nature, 365, 143–147, 1993.
Cacho, I., Grimalt, J. O., Pelejero, C., Canals, M., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., and Shackleton, N.: Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich event imprints in Alboran Sea paleotemperatures, Paleoceanography, 14, 698–705, 1999.
Cohen, A. S.: Paleolimnology, The History and Evolution of Lake Ecosystems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 500 pp., 2003.
Conard, N. J.: The timing of cultural innovations and the dispersal of modern humans in Europe, Terra nostra, 2002/6, 82–94, 2002.
Conard, N. J. and Bolus, M.: Radiocarbon dating the appearance of modern humans and timing of cultural innovations in Europe: new results and new challenges, J. Hum. Evol., 44, 331–371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(02)00202-6, 2003.
Damaschke, M., Sulpizio, R., Zanchetta, G., Wagner, B., Böhm, A., Nowaczyk, N., Rethemeyer, J., and Hilgers, A.: Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans, Clim. Past, 9, 267–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-267-2013, 2013.
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Hammer, C. U., and Oeschger, H.: North Atlantic climatic oscillations revealed by deep Greenland ice cores, edited by: Hansen, J. E. and Takahashi, T., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 288–298, 1984.
Dean, W. E.: The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments, J. Paleolimnol., 21, 375–393, 1999.
De Vivo, B., Rolandi, G., Gans, P. B., Calvert, A., Bohrson, W. A., Spera, F. J., and Belkin, H. E.: New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy), Miner. Petrol., 73, 47–65, 2001.
Dittrich, M. and Koschel, R.: Interactions between calcite precipitation (natural and artificial) and phosphorus cycle in the hardwater lake, Hydrobiologia, 469, 49–57, 2002.
Fletcher, W. J., Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Allen, J. R. M., Cheddadi, R., Coumbourieu-Nebout, N., Huntley, B., Lawson, I. T., Londeix, L., Magri, D., Margari, V., Müller, U. C., Naughton, F., Novenko, E., Roucoux, K. H., and Tzedakis, P. C.: Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2839–2864, 2010.
Griffiths, H. I., Kryštufek, B., and Reed, J. M. (Eds.): Balkan Biodiversity: Pattern and Process in the European Hotspot, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, the Netherlands, 357 pp., 2004.
Grimm, E. C.: TILIA and TILIA-graph: Pollen spreadsheet and graphics programs. Programs and Abstracts, 8th International Palynological Congress, Aix-en-Provence, France, 56 pp., 1992.
Grove, A. T. and Rackham, O.: The Nature of Mediterranean Europe – An Ecological History, Yale University Press, London, 384 pp., 2003.
Harrison, S. P. and Digerfeldt, G.: European lakes as palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatic indicators, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 12, 233–248, 1993.
Heinrich, H.: Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years, Quaternary Res., 29, 142–152, 1988.
Higham, T., Compton, T., Stringer, C., Jacobi, R., Shapiro, B., Trinkaus, E., Chandler, B., Groning, F., Collins, C., Hillson, S., O'Higgins, P., FitzGerald, C., and Fagan, M.: The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe, Nature, 479, 521–524, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10484, 2011.
Hilgen, F. J.: Astronomical calibration of Gauss to Matuyama sapropels in the Mediterranean and implication for the geomagnetic polarity time scale, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 104, 226–244, 1991.
Hollis, G. E. and Stevenson, A. C.: The physical basis of the Lake Mikri Prespa systems: geology, climate, hydrology and water quality, Hydrobiologia, 351, 1–19, 1997.
Jankovská, V. and Komárek, J.: Indicative value of Pediastrum and other coccal green algae in paleoecology, Folia Geobot., 35, 59–82, 2000.
Jarvis, A., Reuter, H. I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E.: Hole-filled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m Database, available at: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org (last access: 27 November 2011), 2008.
Komárek, J. and Jankovská, V.: Review of the Green Algal Genus Pediastrum; Implication for Pollen-analytical Research, Bibliotheca Phycologica, 108, J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart, 127 pp., 2001.
Kouli, K., Brinkhuis, H., and Dale, B.: Spiniferites cruciformis: a fresh water dinoflagellate cyst?, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 113, 273–286, 2001.
Koumouzelis, M., Kozlowski, J. K., Escutenaire, C., Sitlivy, V., Sobczyk, K., Valladas, H., Tisnerat-Laborde, N., Wojtal, P., and Ginter, B.: La fin du Paléolithique moyen et le début du Paléolithique supérieur en Grece: la séquence de la Grotte 1 de Klissoura, L'Anthropologie, 105, 469–504, 2001.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., and Levrard, B.: A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys., 428, 261–285, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041335, 2004.
Leng, M. J., Wagner, B., Boehm, A., Panagiotopoulos, K., Vane, C. H., Snelling, A., Haidon, C., Woodley, E., Vogel, H., Zanchetta, G., and Baneschi, I.: Understanding past climatic and hydrological variability in the Mediterranean from Lake Prespa sediment isotope and geochemical record over the Last Glacial cycle, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 66, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.07.015, 2013.
Levin, I. and Kromer, B.: The tropospheric 14CO2 level in mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003), Radiocarbon, 46, 1261–1272, 2004.
Lézine, A. M., von Grafenstein, U., Andersen, N., Belmecheri, S., Bordon, A., Caron, B., Cazet, J. P., Erlenkeuser, H., Fouache, E., and Grenier, C.: Lake Ohrid, Albania, provides an exceptional multi-proxy record of environmental changes during the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 287, 116–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.016, 2010.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Lowe, J., Barton, N., Blockley, S., Ramsey, C. B., Cullen, V. L., Davies, W., Gamble, C., Grant, K., Hardiman, M., Housley, R., Lane, C. S., Lee, S., Lewis, M., MacLeod, A., Menzies, M., Muller, W., Pollard, M., Price, C., Roberts, A. P., Rohling, E. J., Satow, C., Smith, V. C., Stringer, C. B., Tomlinson, E. L., White, D., Albert, P., Arienzo, I., Barker, G., Boric, D., Carandente, A., Civetta, L., Ferrier, C., Guadelli, J. L., Karkanas, P., Koumouzelis, M., Müller, U. C., Orsi, G., Pross, J., Rosi, M., Shalamanov-Korobar, L., Sirakov, N., and Tzedakis, P. C.: Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13532–13537, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204579109, 2012.
Martrat, B., Grimalt, J. O., Shackleton, N. J., de Abreu, L., Hutterli, M. A., and Stocker, T. F.: Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water stabilizations on the Iberian margin, Science, 317, 502–507, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1142964, 2007.
Matzinger, A., Jordanoski, M., Veljanoska-Sarafiloska, E., Sturm, M., Müller, B., and Wüest, A.: Is Lake Prespa jeopardizing the ecosystem of ancient Lake Ohrid?, Hydrobiologia, 553, 89–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-6427-9, 2006.
Mellars, P.: Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe, Nature, 432, 461–465, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03103, 2004.
Mellars, P.: Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 9381–9386, 2006.
Mellars, P.: Palaeoanthropology: The earliest modern humans in Europe, Nature, 479, 483–485, 2011.
Meyers, P. A.: Preservation of source identification of sedimentary organic matter during and after deposition, Chem. Geol., 144, 289–302, 1994.
Meyers, P. A. and Ishiwatari, R.: Organic matter accumulation records in lake sediments, edited by: Lerman, A., Imboden, D. M., and Gat, J. R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 279–328, 1995.
Müller, U. C., Pross, J., Tzedakis, P. C., Gamble, C., Kotthoff, U., Schmiedl, G., Wulf, S., and Christanis, K.: The role of climate in the spread of modern humans into Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 273–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.016, 2011.
NGRIP Members: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004.
Okuda, M., Yasuda, Y., and Setoguchi, T.: Middle to late pleistocene vegetation history and climatic changes at Lake Kopais, Southeast Greece, Boreas, 30, 73–82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2001.tb00990.x, 2001.
Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., and Yiou, P.: Macintosh program performs time-series analysis, EOS Trans. AGU, 77, 379, 1996.
Panagiotopoulos, K., Aufgebauer, A., Schäbitz, F., and Wagner, B.: Vegetation and climate history of the Lake Prespa region since the Lateglacial, Quatern. Int., 293, 157–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.048, 2013.
Polunin, O.: Flowers of Greece and the Balkans – A Field Guide, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 692 pp., 1980.
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., McCormac, F. G., Manning, S. W., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Southon, J. R., Talamo, S., Turney, C. S. M., van der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C. E.: IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150, 2009.
Richter, J., Hauck, T., Vogelsang, R., Widlok, T., Le Tensorer, J.-M., and Schmid, P.: "Contextual areas" of early Homo sapiens and their significance for human dispersal from Africa into Eurasia between 200 ka and 70 ka, Quatern. Int., 274, 5–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.04.017, 2012.
Rohling, E. J. and Hilgen, F. J.: The eastern Mediterranean climate at times of sapropel formation: a review, Geol. Mijnbouw, 70, 253–264, 1991.
Rossignol-Strick, M.: Mediterranean Quaternary sapropels, an immediate response of the African monsoon to variation of insolation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 49, 237–263, 1985.
Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Turon, J.-L., Eynaud, F., and Gendreau, S.: European Climatic Response to Millennial-Scale Changes in the Atmosphere-Ocean System during the Last Glacial Period, Quaternary Res., 54, 394–403, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2176, 2000.
Siddall, M., Rohling, E. J., Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., Schmelzer, I., and Smeed, D. A.: Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle, Nature, 423, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01687, 2003.
Stockmarr, J.: Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis, Pollen Spores, 13, 615–621, 1971.
Tourloukis, V. and Karkanas, P.: The Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of Greece and the role of the Aegean in hominin dispersals: new data and interpretations, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 43, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.004, 2012.
Trinkhaus, E., Moldovan, O., Milota, S., Bilgar, A., Sarcina, L., Athreya, S., Bailey, S. E., Rodrigo, R., Mircea, G., Higham, T., Bronk Ramseyj, C., and van der Plicht, J.: An early modern human from the Pestera cu Oase, Romania, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100, 11231–11236, 2003.
Tzedakis, P. C., Lawson, I. T., Frogley, M. R., Hewitt, G. M., and Preece, R. C.: Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications, Science, 297, 2044–2047, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1073083, 2002.
Tzedakis, P .C., Frogley, M. R., Lawson, I. T., Preece, R. C., Cacho, I., and de Abreu, L.: Ecological thresholds and patterns of millennial-scale climate variability: The response of vegetation in Greece during the last glacial period, Geology, 32, 109–112, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20118.1, 2004.
Vogel, H., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Sulpizio, R., and Rosén, P.: A paleoclimate record with tephrochronological age control for the last glacial-interglacial cycle from Lake Ohrid, Albania and Macedonia, J. Paleolimnol., 44, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9404-x, 2010.
Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Duplessy, J. C., McManus, J. F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E., and Labracherie, M.: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 295–305, 2002.
Wagner, B., Vogel, H., Zanchetta, G., and Sulpizio, R.: Environmental change within the Balkan region during the past ca. 50 ka recorded in the sediments from lakes Prespa and Ohrid, Biogeosciences, 7, 3187–3198, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3187-2010, 2010.
Wagner, B., Aufgebauer, A., Vogel, H., Zanchetta, G., Sulpizio, R., and Damaschke, M.: Late Pleistocene and Holocene contourite drift in Lake Prespa (Albania/F.Y.R. of Macedonia/Greece), Quatern. Int., 274, 112–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.016, 2012.
Wetzel, R. G.: Limnology, Lake and River Ecosystems, 3rd Edn., Academic Press, London, 1006 pp., 2001.
Wijmstra, T. A.: Palynology of the first 30 meters of a 120 m deep section in northern Greece, Acta Bot. Neerl., 18, 511–527, 1969.
Wilke, T., Schultheiß, R., Albrecht, C., Bornmann, N., Trajanovski, S., and Kevrekidis, T.: Native Dreissena freshwater mussels in the Balkans: in and out of ancient lakes, Biogeosciences, 7, 3051–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3051-2010, 2010.
Woodward, J. C. and Hughes, P. D.: Glaciation in Greece: A New Record of Cold Stage Environments in the Mediterranean, in: Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology, edited by: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L., and Hughes, P. D., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 175–198, 2011.
Zilhão, J., Trinkaus, E., Constantin, S., Milota, S., Gherase, M., Sarcina, L., Danciu, A., Rougier, H., Ouilès, J., and Rodrigo, R.: The Peştera cu Oase People, Europe's Earliest Modern Humans, in: Rethinking the Human Revolution, edited by: Mellars, P., Boyle, K., Bar-Yosef, O., and Stringer, C., McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 249–262, 2007.
