Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past
CP
Articles | Volume 22, issue 10
Articles | Volume 22, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1803-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1803-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 10
Research article
 | 
06 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 06 Oct 2026

Using ocean surface paleo-density to evaluate PMIP3 and PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations

Héloïse Barathieu, Thibaut Caley, Masa Kageyama, Didier Swingedouw, and Pascale Braconnot

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Latest update: 06 Oct 2026
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Short summary
This study evaluates climate model simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum using ocean surface density reconstructions from foraminiferal shells δ¹⁸O. Models capture global patterns but regional climate changes are less well simulated, especially in the North Indian Ocean. Tropical differences between reconstructions and model simulations are mainly driven by changes in ocean salinity linked to precipitation.
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