Articles | Volume 18, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1883-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1883-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 18 Aug 2022
| 18 Aug 2022
A new global surface temperature reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum
James D. Annan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Blue Skies Research Ltd, The Old Chapel, Albert Hill, Settle, BD24 9HE, UK
Julia C. Hargreaves
Blue Skies Research Ltd, The Old Chapel, Albert Hill, Settle, BD24 9HE, UK
Thorsten Mauritsen
Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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51 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Evolution of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since the last glaciation: model simulations and relevance to present and future Z. Liu 10.1098/rsta.2022.0190
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- A stretched polar vortex increased mid-latitude climate variability during the Last Glacial Maximum Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/cp-21-67-2025
- The Textile Hypothesis I. Gilligan 10.1007/s11759-023-09488-z
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- Deglaciation and abrupt events in a coupled comprehensive atmosphere–ocean–ice-sheet–solid-earth model U. Mikolajewicz et al. 10.5194/cp-21-719-2025
- Paleolithic eyed needles and the evolution of dress I. Gilligan et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adp2887
- Multicentennial-scale coupling of the East Asian monsoon to North Atlantic climates during the Last Glacial Maximum Y. Cui et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112445
- Towards robust community assessments of the Earth's climate sensitivity K. Marvel & M. Webb 10.5194/esd-16-317-2025
- Assessing future ice-sheet variability for long-term safety of deep geological repositories J. Liakka et al. 10.5194/adgeo-65-71-2024
- Species distribution modeling of North American beavers from the late Pliocene into the future K. Lubbers et al. 10.1093/jmammal/gyae131
- Testing the reliability of global surface temperature reconstructions of the Last Glacial Cycle with pseudo-proxy experiments J. Baudouin et al. 10.5194/cp-21-381-2025
- Towards spatio-temporal comparison of simulated and reconstructed sea surface temperatures for the last deglaciation N. Weitzel et al. 10.5194/cp-20-865-2024
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. 10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- Paleoclimate proxy records suggest reduced tropical Pacific zonal asymmetry under sustained global warming E. Chung et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02039-0
- Atmospheric River Contributions to Ice Sheet Hydroclimate at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Skinner et al. 10.1029/2022GL101750
- Enhanced ocean heat storage efficiency during the last deglaciation C. Zhu et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adp5156
- Tropical Precipitation Woes in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 M. Lofverstrom & J. Zhu 10.1029/2023GL104416
- A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years M. Choblet et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024
- Moisture amplification of the high-altitude deglacial warming E. Legrain et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108303
- Relative importance of forcings and feedbacks in the Holocene temperature conundrum P. Hopcroft et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108322
- Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions N. Bouttes et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1027-2023
- Last Glacial Maximum climate and atmospheric circulation over the Australian region from climate models Y. Du et al. 10.5194/cp-20-393-2024
- Global and regional temperature change over the past 4.5 million years P. Clark et al. 10.1126/science.adi1908
- A pseudoproxy emulation of the PAGES 2k database using a hierarchy of proxy system models F. Zhu et al. 10.1038/s41597-023-02489-1
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- Ecological resilience of vegetation to climate variability in the Quaternary A. MOMOHARA 10.7211/jjsrt.49.295
Latest update: 06 May 2025
Short summary
We have created a new global surface temperature reconstruction of the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum, representing the period 19–23 000 years before the present day. We find that the globally averaged mean temperature was roughly 4.5 °C colder than it was in pre-industrial times, albeit there is significant uncertainty on this value.
We have created a new global surface temperature reconstruction of the climate of the Last...
