Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations
Masa Kageyama
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Sandy P. Harrison
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science (SAGES),
University of Reading, Reading, UK
Marie-L. Kapsch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Marcus Lofverstrom
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Juan M. Lora
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Uwe Mikolajewicz
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Sam Sherriff-Tadano
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Tristan Vadsaria
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Nathaelle Bouttes
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Deepak Chandan
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S1A7, Canada
Lauren J. Gregoire
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Ruza F. Ivanovic
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Kenji Izumi
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University
Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Allegra N. LeGrande
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
Fanny Lhardy
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Gerrit Lohmann
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Polina A. Morozova
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
Rumi Ohgaito
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
André Paul
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of
Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
W. Richard Peltier
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S1A7, Canada
Christopher J. Poulsen
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Aurélien Quiquet
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Didier M. Roche
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Cluster Earth and
Climate, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Xiaoxu Shi
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
Jessica E. Tierney
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Paul J. Valdes
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University
Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Evgeny Volodin
Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russia
Jiang Zhu
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 7,956 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 23 Jan 2020)
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,475 | 2,399 | 82 | 7,956 | 309 | 135 | 113 |
- HTML: 5,475
- PDF: 2,399
- XML: 82
- Total: 7,956
- Supplement: 309
- BibTeX: 135
- EndNote: 113
Total article views: 5,101 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 May 2021)
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,781 | 1,283 | 37 | 5,101 | 309 | 69 | 58 |
- HTML: 3,781
- PDF: 1,283
- XML: 37
- Total: 5,101
- Supplement: 309
- BibTeX: 69
- EndNote: 58
Total article views: 2,855 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 23 Jan 2020)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,694 | 1,116 | 45 | 2,855 | 66 | 55 |
- HTML: 1,694
- PDF: 1,116
- XML: 45
- Total: 2,855
- BibTeX: 66
- EndNote: 55
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 7,956 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 7,318 with geography defined
and 638 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,101 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,866 with geography defined
and 235 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,855 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,452 with geography defined
and 403 with unknown origin.
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
74 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A RESPONSE TO COMMUNITY QUESTIONS ON THE MARINE20 RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE: MARINE RESERVOIR AGES AND THE CALIBRATION OF 14C SAMPLES FROM THE OCEANS T. Heaton et al. 10.1017/RDC.2022.66
- Variability and extremes: statistical validation of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM) J. Contzen et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1803-2022
- Modelling feedbacks between the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and climate during the last glacial cycle M. Scherrenberg et al. 10.5194/cp-19-399-2023
- Global Climate Classification and Comparison to Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum Climates, with Added Aridity Information and a Hypertropical Class B. Hanberry 10.3390/earth4030029
- Glacial Warming in the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool D. Meegan Kumar et al. 10.1029/2022GL098830
- Constraining Clouds and Convective Parameterizations in a Climate Model Using Paleoclimate Data R. Ramos et al. 10.1029/2021MS002893
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Paleoclimate Changes in the Pacific Northwest Over the Past 36,000 Years From Clumped Isotope Measurements and Model Analysis R. Lopez‐Maldonado et al. 10.1029/2021PA004266
- Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum R. Green et al. 10.5194/cp-18-845-2022
- Revisiting Western United States Hydroclimate During the Last Deglaciation M. Fu 10.1029/2022GL101997
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes J. Tindall et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022
- Atmospheric and oceanic circulation altered by global mean sea-level rise Z. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01153-y
- Atmospheric River Contributions to Ice Sheet Hydroclimate at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Skinner et al. 10.1029/2022GL101750
- Dansgaard–Oeschger events in climate models: review and baseline Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) protocol I. Malmierca-Vallet & L. Sime 10.5194/cp-19-915-2023
- De‐Tuning Albedo Parameters in a Coupled Climate Ice Sheet Model to Simulate the North American Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum N. Gandy et al. 10.1029/2023JF007250
- A resilient ice cover over the southernmost Mendeleev Ridge during the late Quaternary T. Song et al. 10.1111/bor.12632
- A Modeling Perspective on the Lingering Glacial Sea Surface Temperature Conundrum S. Krätschmer et al. 10.1029/2022GL100378
- Causes of the weak emergent constraint on climate sensitivity at the Last Glacial Maximum M. Renoult et al. 10.5194/cp-19-323-2023
- Changes to population-based emergence of climate change from CMIP5 to CMIP6 H. Douglas et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aca91e
- Greenland Ice Core Record of Last Glacial Dust Sources and Atmospheric Circulation G. Újvári et al. 10.1029/2022JD036597
- Impact of Dust on Climate and AMOC During the Last Glacial Maximum Simulated by CESM1.2 M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2021GL096672
- A new global surface temperature reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum J. Annan et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1883-2022
- Small Impact of Stratospheric Dynamics and Chemistry on the Surface Temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in CESM2(WACCM6ma) J. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2022GL099875
- Contribution of the Southern Annular Mode to Variations in Water Isotopes of Daily Precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica K. Kino et al. 10.1029/2021JD035397
- Uncertainty in Reconstructing Paleo‐Elevation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet From Temperature‐Sensitive Ice Core Records J. Badgeley et al. 10.1029/2022GL100334
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum A. Banerjee et al. 10.1029/2022AV000688
- The deglacial forest conundrum A. Dallmeyer et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-33646-6
- Increasingly Sophisticated Climate Models Need the Out‐Of‐Sample Tests Paleoclimates Provide N. Burls & N. Sagoo 10.1029/2022MS003389
- Impact of paleoclimate on present and future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet H. Yang et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0259816
- Potential and limitation of 230Th-excess as a chronostratigraphic tool for late Quaternary Arctic Ocean sediment studies: An example from the Southern Lomonosov Ridge K. Purcell et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106802
- Late Quaternary hydroclimate of the Levant: The leaf wax record from the Dead Sea J. Tierney et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107613
- Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum M. Osman et al. 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4
- The Ice Core Gas Age‐Ice Age Difference as a Proxy for Surface Temperature C. Buizert 10.1029/2021GL094241
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 1: Climate model description and validation M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022
- Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY X. Shi et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1047-2022
- Of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the CMIP6 Project X. Gong et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105193
- Effects of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea surface temperature and sea ice extent on the isotope–temperature slope at polar ice core sites A. Cauquoin et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1275-2023
- High-resolution marine data and transient simulations support orbital forcing of ENSO amplitude since the mid-Holocene M. Carré et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107125
- Terrestrial amplification of past, present, and future climate change A. Seltzer et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adf8119
- The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021
- Millennial‐Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Deglacial Meltwater Discharge in Last Glacial Maximum Simulations Y. Romé et al. 10.1029/2022PA004451
- MARINE RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION IN POLAR REGIONS: A SIMPLE APPROXIMATE APPROACH USING MARINE20 T. Heaton et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.42
- Analysing the PMIP4-CMIP6 collection: a workflow and tool (pmip_p2fvar_analyzer v1) A. Zhao et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2475-2022
- An overview of the connection between Earth’s climate evolution and mass extinction events M. Montero-Martínez & M. Andrade-Velázquez 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103152
- pastclim 1.2: an R package to easily access and use paleoclimatic reconstructions M. Leonardi et al. 10.1111/ecog.06481
- Warming‐Induced Northwestward Migration of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the Geological Past: Evidence From Climate Simulations and Geological Reconstructions X. Huang et al. 10.1029/2021JD035190
- Identifying Global‐Scale Patterns of Vegetation Change During the Last Deglaciation From Paleoclimate Networks M. Adam et al. 10.1029/2021PA004265
- The role of ice-sheet topography in the Alpine hydro-climate at glacial times P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022
- Glacial isostatic adjustment: physical models and observational constraints W. Peltier et al. 10.1088/1361-6633/ac805b
- Challenging the hypothesis of an Arctic Ocean lake during recent glacial episodes C. Hillaire‐Marcel et al. 10.1002/jqs.3421
- The Glacier‐Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings During the Last Glacial Maximum Q. Wei et al. 10.1029/2023GL103538
- Hydrometeorological Conditions of the Volga Flow Generation into the Caspian Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum A. Kalugin & P. Morozova 10.3390/cli11020036
- Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions N. Bouttes et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1027-2023
- A chronological database assessing the late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental record from fluvial sediments in southwestern Africa E. Walsh et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104288
- Last glacial maximum cooling of 9 °C in continental Europe from a 40 kyr-long noble gas paleothermometry record D. Bekaert et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108123
- The Impact of Different Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Large Scale Miocene Temperature Signatures A. Hossain et al. 10.1029/2022PA004438
- Modeling the Production of Heinrich Layers With a Sediment‐Enabled Iceberg Model M. Fendrock et al. 10.1029/2022PA004583
- The influence of diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotope values in shallow water carbonates from the Atlantic and Pacific: Implications for the interpretation of the global carbon cycle M. Smith & P. Swart 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106147
- Seasonal aridity in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the Late Glacial driven by El Niño-like conditions P. Hällberg et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1655-2022
- A mechanistic understanding of oxygen isotopic changes in the Western United States at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Tabor et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107255
- Impacts of the PMIP4 ice sheets on Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period K. Izumi et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06456-1
- Indian Ocean variability changes in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project C. Brierley et al. 10.5194/cp-19-681-2023
- A new perspective on permafrost boundaries in France during the Last Glacial Maximum K. Stadelmaier et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2559-2021
- Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum C. Buizert et al. 10.1126/science.abd2897
- Analysis of the surface mass balance for deglacial climate simulations M. Kapsch et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1131-2021
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- Poleward Shift in the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds Synchronous With the Deglacial Rise in CO2 W. Gray et al. 10.1029/2023PA004666
- Exploring the impact of atmospheric forcing and basal drag on the Antarctic Ice Sheet under Last Glacial Maximum conditions J. Blasco et al. 10.5194/tc-15-215-2021
- A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) A. Paul et al. 10.5194/cp-17-805-2021
- Hysteresis of the Glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Controlled by Thermal Feedbacks T. Ando & A. Oka 10.1029/2021GL095809
- Ocean Response in Transient Simulations of the Last Deglaciation Dominated by Underlying Ice‐Sheet Reconstruction and Method of Meltwater Distribution M. Kapsch et al. 10.1029/2021GL096767
- A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study using WRF (version 3.8.1) P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-5007-2020
65 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A RESPONSE TO COMMUNITY QUESTIONS ON THE MARINE20 RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION CURVE: MARINE RESERVOIR AGES AND THE CALIBRATION OF 14C SAMPLES FROM THE OCEANS T. Heaton et al. 10.1017/RDC.2022.66
- Variability and extremes: statistical validation of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM) J. Contzen et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1803-2022
- Modelling feedbacks between the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and climate during the last glacial cycle M. Scherrenberg et al. 10.5194/cp-19-399-2023
- Global Climate Classification and Comparison to Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum Climates, with Added Aridity Information and a Hypertropical Class B. Hanberry 10.3390/earth4030029
- Glacial Warming in the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool D. Meegan Kumar et al. 10.1029/2022GL098830
- Constraining Clouds and Convective Parameterizations in a Climate Model Using Paleoclimate Data R. Ramos et al. 10.1029/2021MS002893
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Paleoclimate Changes in the Pacific Northwest Over the Past 36,000 Years From Clumped Isotope Measurements and Model Analysis R. Lopez‐Maldonado et al. 10.1029/2021PA004266
- Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum R. Green et al. 10.5194/cp-18-845-2022
- Revisiting Western United States Hydroclimate During the Last Deglaciation M. Fu 10.1029/2022GL101997
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- The warm winter paradox in the Pliocene northern high latitudes J. Tindall et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1385-2022
- Atmospheric and oceanic circulation altered by global mean sea-level rise Z. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01153-y
- Atmospheric River Contributions to Ice Sheet Hydroclimate at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Skinner et al. 10.1029/2022GL101750
- Dansgaard–Oeschger events in climate models: review and baseline Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) protocol I. Malmierca-Vallet & L. Sime 10.5194/cp-19-915-2023
- De‐Tuning Albedo Parameters in a Coupled Climate Ice Sheet Model to Simulate the North American Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum N. Gandy et al. 10.1029/2023JF007250
- A resilient ice cover over the southernmost Mendeleev Ridge during the late Quaternary T. Song et al. 10.1111/bor.12632
- A Modeling Perspective on the Lingering Glacial Sea Surface Temperature Conundrum S. Krätschmer et al. 10.1029/2022GL100378
- Causes of the weak emergent constraint on climate sensitivity at the Last Glacial Maximum M. Renoult et al. 10.5194/cp-19-323-2023
- Changes to population-based emergence of climate change from CMIP5 to CMIP6 H. Douglas et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aca91e
- Greenland Ice Core Record of Last Glacial Dust Sources and Atmospheric Circulation G. Újvári et al. 10.1029/2022JD036597
- Impact of Dust on Climate and AMOC During the Last Glacial Maximum Simulated by CESM1.2 M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2021GL096672
- A new global surface temperature reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum J. Annan et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1883-2022
- Small Impact of Stratospheric Dynamics and Chemistry on the Surface Temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in CESM2(WACCM6ma) J. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2022GL099875
- Contribution of the Southern Annular Mode to Variations in Water Isotopes of Daily Precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica K. Kino et al. 10.1029/2021JD035397
- Uncertainty in Reconstructing Paleo‐Elevation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet From Temperature‐Sensitive Ice Core Records J. Badgeley et al. 10.1029/2022GL100334
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum A. Banerjee et al. 10.1029/2022AV000688
- The deglacial forest conundrum A. Dallmeyer et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-33646-6
- Increasingly Sophisticated Climate Models Need the Out‐Of‐Sample Tests Paleoclimates Provide N. Burls & N. Sagoo 10.1029/2022MS003389
- Impact of paleoclimate on present and future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet H. Yang et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0259816
- Potential and limitation of 230Th-excess as a chronostratigraphic tool for late Quaternary Arctic Ocean sediment studies: An example from the Southern Lomonosov Ridge K. Purcell et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106802
- Late Quaternary hydroclimate of the Levant: The leaf wax record from the Dead Sea J. Tierney et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107613
- Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum M. Osman et al. 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4
- The Ice Core Gas Age‐Ice Age Difference as a Proxy for Surface Temperature C. Buizert 10.1029/2021GL094241
- The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 – Part 1: Climate model description and validation M. Willeit et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-5905-2022
- Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY X. Shi et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1047-2022
- Of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the CMIP6 Project X. Gong et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105193
- Effects of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea surface temperature and sea ice extent on the isotope–temperature slope at polar ice core sites A. Cauquoin et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1275-2023
- High-resolution marine data and transient simulations support orbital forcing of ENSO amplitude since the mid-Holocene M. Carré et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107125
- Terrestrial amplification of past, present, and future climate change A. Seltzer et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adf8119
- The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021
- Millennial‐Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Deglacial Meltwater Discharge in Last Glacial Maximum Simulations Y. Romé et al. 10.1029/2022PA004451
- MARINE RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION IN POLAR REGIONS: A SIMPLE APPROXIMATE APPROACH USING MARINE20 T. Heaton et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.42
- Analysing the PMIP4-CMIP6 collection: a workflow and tool (pmip_p2fvar_analyzer v1) A. Zhao et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2475-2022
- An overview of the connection between Earth’s climate evolution and mass extinction events M. Montero-Martínez & M. Andrade-Velázquez 10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103152
- pastclim 1.2: an R package to easily access and use paleoclimatic reconstructions M. Leonardi et al. 10.1111/ecog.06481
- Warming‐Induced Northwestward Migration of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the Geological Past: Evidence From Climate Simulations and Geological Reconstructions X. Huang et al. 10.1029/2021JD035190
- Identifying Global‐Scale Patterns of Vegetation Change During the Last Deglaciation From Paleoclimate Networks M. Adam et al. 10.1029/2021PA004265
- The role of ice-sheet topography in the Alpine hydro-climate at glacial times P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1579-2022
- Glacial isostatic adjustment: physical models and observational constraints W. Peltier et al. 10.1088/1361-6633/ac805b
- Challenging the hypothesis of an Arctic Ocean lake during recent glacial episodes C. Hillaire‐Marcel et al. 10.1002/jqs.3421
- The Glacier‐Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings During the Last Glacial Maximum Q. Wei et al. 10.1029/2023GL103538
- Hydrometeorological Conditions of the Volga Flow Generation into the Caspian Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum A. Kalugin & P. Morozova 10.3390/cli11020036
- Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions N. Bouttes et al. 10.5194/cp-19-1027-2023
- A chronological database assessing the late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental record from fluvial sediments in southwestern Africa E. Walsh et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104288
- Last glacial maximum cooling of 9 °C in continental Europe from a 40 kyr-long noble gas paleothermometry record D. Bekaert et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108123
- The Impact of Different Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Large Scale Miocene Temperature Signatures A. Hossain et al. 10.1029/2022PA004438
- Modeling the Production of Heinrich Layers With a Sediment‐Enabled Iceberg Model M. Fendrock et al. 10.1029/2022PA004583
- The influence of diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotope values in shallow water carbonates from the Atlantic and Pacific: Implications for the interpretation of the global carbon cycle M. Smith & P. Swart 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106147
- Seasonal aridity in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the Late Glacial driven by El Niño-like conditions P. Hällberg et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1655-2022
- A mechanistic understanding of oxygen isotopic changes in the Western United States at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Tabor et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107255
- Impacts of the PMIP4 ice sheets on Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period K. Izumi et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06456-1
- Indian Ocean variability changes in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project C. Brierley et al. 10.5194/cp-19-681-2023
- A new perspective on permafrost boundaries in France during the Last Glacial Maximum K. Stadelmaier et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2559-2021
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum C. Buizert et al. 10.1126/science.abd2897
- Analysis of the surface mass balance for deglacial climate simulations M. Kapsch et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1131-2021
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- Poleward Shift in the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds Synchronous With the Deglacial Rise in CO2 W. Gray et al. 10.1029/2023PA004666
- Exploring the impact of atmospheric forcing and basal drag on the Antarctic Ice Sheet under Last Glacial Maximum conditions J. Blasco et al. 10.5194/tc-15-215-2021
- A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) A. Paul et al. 10.5194/cp-17-805-2021
- Hysteresis of the Glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Controlled by Thermal Feedbacks T. Ando & A. Oka 10.1029/2021GL095809
- Ocean Response in Transient Simulations of the Last Deglaciation Dominated by Underlying Ice‐Sheet Reconstruction and Method of Meltwater Distribution M. Kapsch et al. 10.1029/2021GL096767
- A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study using WRF (version 3.8.1) P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-5007-2020
Latest update: 24 Sep 2023
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future. Here, we compare the latest climate model (CMIP6-PMIP4) to the previous one (CMIP5-PMIP3) and to reconstructions. Large-scale climate features (e.g. land–sea contrast, polar amplification) are well captured by all models, while regional changes (e.g. winter extratropical cooling, precipitations) are still poorly represented.
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well...