Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 May 2021
Research article |
| 20 May 2021
The PMIP4 Last Glacial Maximum experiments: preliminary results and comparison with the PMIP3 simulations
Masa Kageyama
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Sandy P. Harrison
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science (SAGES),
University of Reading, Reading, UK
Marie-L. Kapsch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Marcus Lofverstrom
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Juan M. Lora
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Uwe Mikolajewicz
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Sam Sherriff-Tadano
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Tristan Vadsaria
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Japan
Nathaelle Bouttes
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Deepak Chandan
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S1A7, Canada
Lauren J. Gregoire
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Ruza F. Ivanovic
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Kenji Izumi
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University
Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Allegra N. LeGrande
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
Fanny Lhardy
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Gerrit Lohmann
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Polina A. Morozova
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
Rumi Ohgaito
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
André Paul
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of
Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
W. Richard Peltier
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S1A7, Canada
Christopher J. Poulsen
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Aurélien Quiquet
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Didier M. Roche
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut
Pierre-Simon Laplace, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Cluster Earth and
Climate, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Xiaoxu Shi
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
Jessica E. Tierney
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Paul J. Valdes
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University
Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Evgeny Volodin
Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russia
Jiang Zhu
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Impact of paleoclimate on present and future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet H. Yang et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0259816
- Variability and extremes: statistical validation of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM) J. Contzen et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1803-2022
- Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum M. Osman et al. 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Warming‐Induced Northwestward Migration of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the Geological Past: Evidence From Climate Simulations and Geological Reconstructions X. Huang et al. 10.1029/2021JD035190
- The Ice Core Gas Age‐Ice Age Difference as a Proxy for Surface Temperature C. Buizert 10.1029/2021GL094241
- Identifying Global‐Scale Patterns of Vegetation Change During the Last Deglaciation From Paleoclimate Networks M. Adam et al. 10.1029/2021PA004265
- High-resolution marine data and transient simulations support orbital forcing of ENSO amplitude since the mid-Holocene M. Carré et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107125
- Impact of Dust on Climate and AMOC During the Last Glacial Maximum Simulated by CESM1.2 M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2021GL096672
- The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021
- Ocean Response in Transient Simulations of the Last Deglaciation Dominated by Underlying Ice‐Sheet Reconstruction and Method of Meltwater Distribution M. Kapsch et al. 10.1029/2021GL096767
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- A mechanistic understanding of oxygen isotopic changes in the Western United States at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Tabor et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107255
- Contribution of the Southern Annular Mode to Variations in Water Isotopes of Daily Precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica K. Kino et al. 10.1029/2021JD035397
- A new perspective on permafrost boundaries in France during the Last Glacial Maximum K. Stadelmaier et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2559-2021
- Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum C. Buizert et al. 10.1126/science.abd2897
- Analysis of the surface mass balance for deglacial climate simulations M. Kapsch et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1131-2021
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- Exploring the impact of atmospheric forcing and basal drag on the Antarctic Ice Sheet under Last Glacial Maximum conditions J. Blasco et al. 10.5194/tc-15-215-2021
- A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) A. Paul et al. 10.5194/cp-17-805-2021
- A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study using WRF (version 3.8.1) P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-5007-2020
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A First Intercomparison of the Simulated LGM Carbon Results Within PMIP‐Carbon: Role of the Ocean Boundary Conditions F. Lhardy et al. 10.1029/2021PA004302
- Impact of paleoclimate on present and future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet H. Yang et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0259816
- Variability and extremes: statistical validation of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM) J. Contzen et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1803-2022
- Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum M. Osman et al. 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4
- Climate and ice sheet evolutions from the last glacial maximum to the pre-industrial period with an ice-sheet–climate coupled model A. Quiquet et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2179-2021
- Warming‐Induced Northwestward Migration of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the Geological Past: Evidence From Climate Simulations and Geological Reconstructions X. Huang et al. 10.1029/2021JD035190
- The Ice Core Gas Age‐Ice Age Difference as a Proxy for Surface Temperature C. Buizert 10.1029/2021GL094241
- Identifying Global‐Scale Patterns of Vegetation Change During the Last Deglaciation From Paleoclimate Networks M. Adam et al. 10.1029/2021PA004265
- High-resolution marine data and transient simulations support orbital forcing of ENSO amplitude since the mid-Holocene M. Carré et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107125
- Impact of Dust on Climate and AMOC During the Last Glacial Maximum Simulated by CESM1.2 M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2021GL096672
- The role of land cover in the climate of glacial Europe P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1161-2021
- Ocean Response in Transient Simulations of the Last Deglaciation Dominated by Underlying Ice‐Sheet Reconstruction and Method of Meltwater Distribution M. Kapsch et al. 10.1029/2021GL096767
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- A mechanistic understanding of oxygen isotopic changes in the Western United States at the Last Glacial Maximum C. Tabor et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107255
- Contribution of the Southern Annular Mode to Variations in Water Isotopes of Daily Precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica K. Kino et al. 10.1029/2021JD035397
- A new perspective on permafrost boundaries in France during the Last Glacial Maximum K. Stadelmaier et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2559-2021
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum C. Buizert et al. 10.1126/science.abd2897
- Analysis of the surface mass balance for deglacial climate simulations M. Kapsch et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1131-2021
- PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
- Exploring the impact of atmospheric forcing and basal drag on the Antarctic Ice Sheet under Last Glacial Maximum conditions J. Blasco et al. 10.5194/tc-15-215-2021
- A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) A. Paul et al. 10.5194/cp-17-805-2021
- A new bias-correction method for precipitation over complex terrain suitable for different climate states: a case study using WRF (version 3.8.1) P. Velasquez et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-5007-2020
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Mar 2023
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future. Here, we compare the latest climate model (CMIP6-PMIP4) to the previous one (CMIP5-PMIP3) and to reconstructions. Large-scale climate features (e.g. land–sea contrast, polar amplification) are well captured by all models, while regional changes (e.g. winter extratropical cooling, precipitations) are still poorly represented.
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well...
