Articles | Volume 13, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1007-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1007-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Aug 2017
Research article |
| 16 Aug 2017
Experiments based on blue intensity for reconstructing North Pacific temperatures along the Gulf of Alaska
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Rosanne D'Arrigo
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Laia Andreu-Hayles
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Rose Oelkers
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Greg Wiles
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Department of Geology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, USA
Kevin Anchukaitis
School of Geography and Development & Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Nicole Davi
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA
Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, New Jersey, USA
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Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Seasonal and synoptic climatic drivers of tree growth in the Bighorn Mountains, WY, USA (1654–1983 CE) A. Hudson et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2019.125633
- Blue intensity of Swiss stone pine as a high-frequency temperature proxy in the Alps R. Cerrato et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01566-9
- The potential of using the Blue Intensity parameter to assess the climate response of radial tree growth on the Crimean peninsula A. Komarova et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367059723050062
- Improving the climate signal of tree-ring blue intensity of sub-fossil wood using hydrogen peroxide: An example from the gulf of Alaska, USA W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126340
- Improved spring temperature reconstruction using earlywood blue intensity in southeastern China X. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7585
- Expanding the Yukon tree ring Blue Intensity network to assess divergence effects and enhance climate reconstructions E. Reid et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836251378010
- Delta Blue Intensity chronologies from Siberian larch reveal robust summer temperature signals across northern Eurasia V. Agapova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111171
- Evaluating the dendroclimatological potential of blue intensity on multiple conifer species from Tasmania and New Zealand R. Wilson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6393-2021
- Improved dendroclimatic calibration using blue intensity in the southern Yukon R. Wilson et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619862037
- Long-Term Climate Sensitivity of Resin-Tapped and Non-Resin-Tapped Scots Pine Trees Based on Tree Ring Width and Blue Intensity M. Jakubowski & M. Dobroczyński https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030593
- Dendroclimatology of Yellow-Cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) and Temperature Variability on the Western Slopes of the North Cascades in Washington State, USA, from 1333 to 2015 CE C. Trinies et al. https://doi.org/10.3959/2021-20
- A Spatiotemporal Assessment of Extreme Cold in Northwestern North America Following the Unidentified 1809 CE Volcanic Eruption C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004581
- Tree-ring evidence of the elusive 1959 summer cold event in northwestern North America C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2445945
- Tree-ring cellulose δ18O records similar large-scale climate influences as precipitation δ18O in the Northwest Territories of Canada R. Field et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05932-4
- Do Different Tree-Ring Proxies Contain Different Temperature Signals? A Case Study of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Eastern Carpathians A. Popa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182428
- Application Potential of the Blue Intensity Parameter for Estimation of Tree Radial Growth Climatic Response on the Crimean Peninsula A. Komarova et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413623050065
- Cell wall dimensions reign supreme: cell wall composition is irrelevant for the temperature signal of latewood density/blue intensity in Scots pine J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125785
- I-BIND: International Blue intensity network development working group R. Kaczka & R. Wilson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125859
- Moisture‐driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large‐scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America J. Lange et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14947
- Summer Air Temperature for the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion (770–2019 CE) Over 1,250 Years K. Heeter et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092269
- The utility of bulk wood density for tree-ring research J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125880
- Temperature sensitivity of blue intensity, maximum latewood density, and ring width data of living black spruce trees in the eastern Canadian taiga F. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125771
- Scientific Merits and Analytical Challenges of Tree‐Ring Densitometry J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000642
- Microdensitometric records from humid subtropical China show distinct climate signals in earlywood and latewood X. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125764
- Assessing non-linearity in European temperature-sensitive tree-ring data F. Ljungqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2019.125652
- Multi-century mean summer temperature variations in the Southern Rhaetian Alps reconstructed from Larix decidua blue intensity data R. Cerrato et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-609-2025
- Higher Winter-Spring Temperature and Winter-Spring/Summer Moisture Availability Increase Scots Pine Growth on Coastal Dune Microsites Around the South Baltic Sea K. Janecka et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.578912
- Delta blue intensity vs. maximum density: A case study using Pinus uncinata in the Pyrenees E. Reid & R. Wilson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125706
- Reduction in lumen area is associated with the δ18O exchange between sugars and source water during cellulose synthesis P. Szejner et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16484
- Palaeoclimate potential of New Zealand Manoao colensoi (silver pine) tree rings using Blue-Intensity (BI) S. Blake et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125664
- Accelerated Recent Warming and Temperature Variability Over the Past Eight Centuries in the Central Asian Altai From Blue Intensity in Tree Rings N. Davi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092933
- Anatomical and blue intensity methods to determine wood density converge in contributing to explain different distributions of three palaeotropical pine species L. Ho & F. Thomas https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10073
- Improving signal strength of tree rings for paleoclimate reconstruction by micro-hyperspectral imaging Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2264913
- Using Blue Intensity from drought-sensitive Pinus sylvestris in Fennoscandia to improve reconstruction of past hydroclimate variability K. Seftigen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05287-2
- Towards broad‐scale temperature reconstructions for Eastern North America using blue light intensity from tree rings G. Harley et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6910
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Seasonal and synoptic climatic drivers of tree growth in the Bighorn Mountains, WY, USA (1654–1983 CE) A. Hudson et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2019.125633
- Blue intensity of Swiss stone pine as a high-frequency temperature proxy in the Alps R. Cerrato et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01566-9
- The potential of using the Blue Intensity parameter to assess the climate response of radial tree growth on the Crimean peninsula A. Komarova et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367059723050062
- Improving the climate signal of tree-ring blue intensity of sub-fossil wood using hydrogen peroxide: An example from the gulf of Alaska, USA W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126340
- Improved spring temperature reconstruction using earlywood blue intensity in southeastern China X. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7585
- Expanding the Yukon tree ring Blue Intensity network to assess divergence effects and enhance climate reconstructions E. Reid et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836251378010
- Delta Blue Intensity chronologies from Siberian larch reveal robust summer temperature signals across northern Eurasia V. Agapova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111171
- Evaluating the dendroclimatological potential of blue intensity on multiple conifer species from Tasmania and New Zealand R. Wilson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6393-2021
- Improved dendroclimatic calibration using blue intensity in the southern Yukon R. Wilson et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619862037
- Long-Term Climate Sensitivity of Resin-Tapped and Non-Resin-Tapped Scots Pine Trees Based on Tree Ring Width and Blue Intensity M. Jakubowski & M. Dobroczyński https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030593
- Dendroclimatology of Yellow-Cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) and Temperature Variability on the Western Slopes of the North Cascades in Washington State, USA, from 1333 to 2015 CE C. Trinies et al. https://doi.org/10.3959/2021-20
- A Spatiotemporal Assessment of Extreme Cold in Northwestern North America Following the Unidentified 1809 CE Volcanic Eruption C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004581
- Tree-ring evidence of the elusive 1959 summer cold event in northwestern North America C. Leland et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2445945
- Tree-ring cellulose δ18O records similar large-scale climate influences as precipitation δ18O in the Northwest Territories of Canada R. Field et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05932-4
- Do Different Tree-Ring Proxies Contain Different Temperature Signals? A Case Study of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in the Eastern Carpathians A. Popa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182428
- Application Potential of the Blue Intensity Parameter for Estimation of Tree Radial Growth Climatic Response on the Crimean Peninsula A. Komarova et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413623050065
- Cell wall dimensions reign supreme: cell wall composition is irrelevant for the temperature signal of latewood density/blue intensity in Scots pine J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125785
- I-BIND: International Blue intensity network development working group R. Kaczka & R. Wilson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125859
- Moisture‐driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large‐scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America J. Lange et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14947
- Summer Air Temperature for the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion (770–2019 CE) Over 1,250 Years K. Heeter et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092269
- The utility of bulk wood density for tree-ring research J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125880
- Temperature sensitivity of blue intensity, maximum latewood density, and ring width data of living black spruce trees in the eastern Canadian taiga F. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125771
- Scientific Merits and Analytical Challenges of Tree‐Ring Densitometry J. Björklund et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000642
- Microdensitometric records from humid subtropical China show distinct climate signals in earlywood and latewood X. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125764
- Assessing non-linearity in European temperature-sensitive tree-ring data F. Ljungqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2019.125652
- Multi-century mean summer temperature variations in the Southern Rhaetian Alps reconstructed from Larix decidua blue intensity data R. Cerrato et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-609-2025
- Higher Winter-Spring Temperature and Winter-Spring/Summer Moisture Availability Increase Scots Pine Growth on Coastal Dune Microsites Around the South Baltic Sea K. Janecka et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.578912
- Delta blue intensity vs. maximum density: A case study using Pinus uncinata in the Pyrenees E. Reid & R. Wilson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125706
- Reduction in lumen area is associated with the δ18O exchange between sugars and source water during cellulose synthesis P. Szejner et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16484
- Palaeoclimate potential of New Zealand Manoao colensoi (silver pine) tree rings using Blue-Intensity (BI) S. Blake et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125664
- Accelerated Recent Warming and Temperature Variability Over the Past Eight Centuries in the Central Asian Altai From Blue Intensity in Tree Rings N. Davi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092933
- Anatomical and blue intensity methods to determine wood density converge in contributing to explain different distributions of three palaeotropical pine species L. Ho & F. Thomas https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10073
- Improving signal strength of tree rings for paleoclimate reconstruction by micro-hyperspectral imaging Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2264913
- Using Blue Intensity from drought-sensitive Pinus sylvestris in Fennoscandia to improve reconstruction of past hydroclimate variability K. Seftigen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05287-2
- Towards broad‐scale temperature reconstructions for Eastern North America using blue light intensity from tree rings G. Harley et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6910
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Oct 2026
Short summary
Blue intensity shows great potential for reconstructing past summer temperatures from conifer trees growing at high latitude or the treeline. However, conifer species that express a strong colour difference between the heartwood and sapwood can impart a long-term trend bias in the resultant reconstructions. Herein, we highlight this issue using eight mountain hemlock sites across the Gulf of Alaska and explore how a non-biased reconstruction of past temperature could be derived using such data.
Blue intensity shows great potential for reconstructing past summer temperatures from conifer...
