Articles | Volume 12, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-51-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-51-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2016
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2016
Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120 kyr
B. A. A. Hoogakker
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Science, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
R. S. Smith
NCAS-Climate and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
J. S. Singarayer
Department of Meteorology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK
BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
R. Marchant
Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
I. C. Prentice
AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment,
Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
J. R. M. Allen
Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
R. S. Anderson
School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Box 5964 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
S. A. Bhagwat
The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
H. Behling
Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
O. Borisova
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny Lane 19, 119017 Moscow, Russia
M. Bush
Florida Institute of Technology, Biological Sciences, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
A. Correa-Metrio
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, DF, Coyoacan, Mexico
A. de Vernal
GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
J. M. Finch
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
B. Fréchette
GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
S. Lozano-Garcia
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, DF, Coyoacan, Mexico
W. D. Gosling
Palaeoecology & Landscape Ecology, IBED, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
W. Granoszewski
Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Carpathian Branch, Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Poland
E. C. Grimm
Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
E. Grüger
Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
J. Hanselman
Westfield State University, Department of Biology, Westfield, MA 01086, USA
S. P. Harrison
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
Centre for Past Climate Change and School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AH, Reading, UK
T. R. Hill
School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
B. Huntley
Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
G. Jiménez-Moreno
Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18002 Granada, Spain
P. Kershaw
School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
M.-P. Ledru
IRD UMR 226 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) (UM2 CNRS IRD) Place Eugène Bataillon cc 061, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX, France
D. Magri
Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, 00185 Rome, Italy
M. McKenzie
Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
U. Müller
Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
T. Nakagawa
Ritsumeikan University, Research Centre for Palaeoclimatology, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
E. Novenko
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny Lane 19, 119017 Moscow, Russia
D. Penny
School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
L. Sadori
Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, 00185 Rome, Italy
University of the Free State, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Plant Sciences, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
J. Stevenson
Department of Archaeology and Natural History, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
P. J. Valdes
BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
M. Vandergoes
University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Orono, ME 04469-5790, USA
A. Velichko
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny Lane 19, 119017 Moscow, Russia
C. Whitlock
Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717-3480, USA
C. Tzedakis
UCL Department of Geography, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Short summary
In this paper we use two climate models to test how Earth’s vegetation responded to changes in climate over the last 120 000 years, looking at warm interglacial climates like today, cold ice-age glacial climates, and intermediate climates. The models agree well with observations from pollen, showing smaller forested areas and larger desert areas during cold periods. Forests store most terrestrial carbon; the terrestrial carbon lost during cold climates was most likely relocated to the oceans.
In this paper we use two climate models to test how Earth’s vegetation responded to changes in...
