Articles | Volume 12, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1137-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1137-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 May 2016
Research article |
| 11 May 2016
Spatial climate dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula since 15 000 yr BP
Pedro Tarroso
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
InBio/CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto,
Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS5554, 34090 Montpellier, France
José Carrión
Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Miriam Dorado-Valiño
Research Group of Archaeobiology, History Institute, CCHS, CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, Spain
Paula Queiroz
Terra Scenica, Centro para a criatividade partilhada das Ciências, Artes e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
Luisa Santos
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
Ana Valdeolmillos-Rodríguez
C/Teniente Ruiz 5, 2B, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Paulo Célio Alves
InBio/CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto,
Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
José Carlos Brito
InBio/CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto,
Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
Rachid Cheddadi
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS5554, 34090 Montpellier, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Liisa Ilvonen, José Antonio López-Sáez, Lasse Holmström, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, José S. Carrión, and Heikki Seppä
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-33, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In the Iberian Peninsula, precipitation is a key driver of vegetation changes. Here, we use a pollen-climate calibration set and fossil pollen data from seven sites in Spain to reconstruct annual precipitation values for the last 15 000 years using two different quantitative methods. The results suggest that the precipitation changes have occurred in pace with the temperature changes in northern Europe, with warm periods in the North corresponding with humid periods in the Iberian Peninsula.
María J. Ramos-Román, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jon Camuera, Antonio García-Alix, R. Scott Anderson, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, and José S. Carrión
Clim. Past, 14, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-117-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we carried out a multiproxy high-resolution analysis on a sediment record from the Padul Basin in the Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula). Padul is a classical and very unique site from the Mediterranean area as it contains a very long and continuous Quaternary sedimentary record. However, the uppermost part of the record was never recovered. In this study we focus on the last 4700 cal yr BP of Holocene climate variability and human activity in the Mediterranean area.
María Fernanda Sánchez Goñi, Stéphanie Desprat, Anne-Laure Daniau, Frank C. Bassinot, Josué M. Polanco-Martínez, Sandy P. Harrison, Judy R. M. Allen, R. Scott Anderson, Hermann Behling, Raymonde Bonnefille, Francesc Burjachs, José S. Carrión, Rachid Cheddadi, James S. Clark, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Colin. J. Courtney Mustaphi, Georg H. Debusk, Lydie M. Dupont, Jemma M. Finch, William J. Fletcher, Marco Giardini, Catalina González, William D. Gosling, Laurie D. Grigg, Eric C. Grimm, Ryoma Hayashi, Karin Helmens, Linda E. Heusser, Trevor Hill, Geoffrey Hope, Brian Huntley, Yaeko Igarashi, Tomohisa Irino, Bonnie Jacobs, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Sayuri Kawai, A. Peter Kershaw, Fujio Kumon, Ian T. Lawson, Marie-Pierre Ledru, Anne-Marie Lézine, Ping Mei Liew, Donatella Magri, Robert Marchant, Vasiliki Margari, Francis E. Mayle, G. Merna McKenzie, Patrick Moss, Stefanie Müller, Ulrich C. Müller, Filipa Naughton, Rewi M. Newnham, Tadamichi Oba, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Roberta Pini, Cesare Ravazzi, Katy H. Roucoux, Stephen M. Rucina, Louis Scott, Hikaru Takahara, Polichronis C. Tzedakis, Dunia H. Urrego, Bas van Geel, B. Guido Valencia, Marcus J. Vandergoes, Annie Vincens, Cathy L. Whitlock, Debra A. Willard, and Masanobu Yamamoto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 679–695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-679-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-679-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73–15 ka) plotted against a common chronology; 32 also provide charcoal records. The database allows for the reconstruction of the regional expression, vegetation and fire of past abrupt climate changes that are comparable to those expected in the 21st century. This work is a major contribution to understanding the processes behind rapid climate change.
Majda Nourelbait, Ali Rhoujjati, Abdelfattah Benkaddour, Matthieu Carré, Frederique Eynaud, Philippe Martinez, and Rachid Cheddadi
Clim. Past, 12, 1029–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1029-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1029-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The present study is related the climate changes and their environmental impacts during the last 6 ky from a fossil record collected in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. We used the reconstruction of three climate variables and geo-chemical elements to evaluate the relationships between all the environmental variables. In summary, this present study confirms the overall climate stability over the last 6 ky and highlights the presence of a short and abrupt climate event at about 5.2 ka cal BP.
Related subject area
Subject: Climate Modelling | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Millenial/D-O
Modeling dust emission response to North Atlantic millennial-scale climate variations from the perspective of East European MIS 3 loess deposits
Influence of solar variability, CO2 and orbital forcing between 1000 and 1850 AD in the IPSLCM4 model
A. Sima, M. Kageyama, D.-D. Rousseau, G. Ramstein, Y. Balkanski, P. Antoine, and C. Hatté
Clim. Past, 9, 1385–1402, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1385-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1385-2013, 2013
J. Servonnat, P. Yiou, M. Khodri, D. Swingedouw, and S. Denvil
Clim. Past, 6, 445–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-445-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-445-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allen, J., Huntley, B., and Watts, W.: The vegetation and climate of northwest Iberia over the last 14 000 years, J. Quaternary Sci., 11, 125–147, 1996.
Anderson, N. J., Bugmann, H., Dearing, J. A., and Gaillard, M.-J.: Linking palaeoenvironmental data and models to understand the past and to predict the future, Trends Ecol. Evol., 21, 696–704, 2006.
Araújo, M. B., Thuiller, W., and Pearson, R. G.: Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe, J. Biogeogr., 33, 1712–1728, 2006.
Ashcroft, M. B.: Identifying refugia from climate change, J. Biogeogr., 37, 1407–1413, 2010.
Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Brewer, S., Connor, S., Davis, B. A. S., Gajewski, K., Guiot, J., Harrison-Prentice, T. I., Henderson, A., Peyron, O., Prentice, I. C., Scholze, M., Seppä, H., Shuman, B., Sugita, S., Thompson, R. S., Viau, A. E., Williams, J., and Wu, H.: Pollen-based continental climate reconstruction at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis, Clim. Dynam., 37, 775–802, 2010.
Bennett, K. and Provan, J.: What do we mean by “refugia”?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 2449–2455, 2008.
Berger, A.: Long-term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth's orbital elements, Quaternary Res., 9, 139–167, 1978.
Bickel, P., Diggle, P., Fienberg, S., Gather, U., Olkin, I., Zeger, S., Ramsay, J., and Silverman, B.: Functional data analysis, Springer, New York, 2nd Edn., 2005.
Birks, H., Heiri, O., Seppä, H., and Bjune, A.: Strengths and weaknesses of quantitative climate reconstructions based on Late-Quaternary biological proxies, The Open Ecology Journal, 3, 68–110, 2010.
Branco, M., Monnerot, M., Ferrand, N., and Templeton, A. R.: Postglacial dispersal of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on the Iberian peninsula reconstructed from nested clade and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA genetic variation, Evolution, 56, 792–803, 2002.
Burjachs, F., Pérez-Obiol, R., Roure, J. M., and Julia, R.: Dinámica de la vegetación durante el Holoceno en la isla de Mallorca, Trabajos de Palinología básica y aplicada, 199–210, 1994.
Carrión, J. S.: Patterns and processes of Late Quaternary environmental change in a montane region of southwestern Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 2047–2066, 2002.
Carrión, J. S. and Dupré, M.: Late Quaternary vegetational history at Navarres, Eastern Spain. A two core approach, New Phytol., 134, 177–191, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01157.x, 1996.
Carrión, J. S., Sánchez-Gómez, P., Mota, J. F., Yll, R., and Chaín, C.: Holocene vegetation dynamics, fire and grazing in the Sierra de Gádor Spain, Holocene, 13, 839–849, 2003.
Carrión, J. S., Fernández, S., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Fauquette, S., Gil-Romera, G., González-Sampériz, P., and Finlayson, C.: The historical origins of aridity and vegetation degradation in southeastern Spain, J. Arid Environ., 74, 731–736, 2010a.
Carrión, J. S., Fernández, S., González-Sampériz, P., Gil-Romera, G., Badal, E., Carrión-Marco, Y., López-Merino, L., López-Sáez, J. A., Fierro, E., and Burjachs, F.: Expected trends and surprises in the Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 162, 458–475, 2010b.
Cheddadi, R. and Bar-Hen, A.: Spatial gradient of temperature and potential vegetation feedback across Europe during the late Quaternary, Clim. Dynam., 32, 371–379, 2009.
Cheddadi, R., Yu, G., Guiot, J., Harrison, S., and Prentice, I. C.: The climate of Europe 6000 years ago, Clim. Dynam., 13, 1–9, 1997.
Cheddadi, R., Vendramin, G. G., Litt, T., François, L., Kageyama, M., Lorentz, S., Laurent, J.-M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Sadori, L., Jost, A., and Lunt, D.: Imprints of glacial refugia in the modern genetic diversity of Pinus sylvestris, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 15, 271–282, 2006.
Cheddadi, R., Birks, H. J. B., Tarroso, P., Liepelt, S., Gömöry, D., Dullinger, S., Meier, E. S., Hülber, K., Maiorano, L., and Laborde, H.: Revisiting tree-migration rates: Abies alba (Mill.), a case study, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 23, 113–122, 2014.
Chevalier, M., Cheddadi, R., and Chase, B. M.: CREST (Climate REconstruction SofTware): a probability density function (PDF)-based quantitative climate reconstruction method, Clim. Past, 10, 2081–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2081-2014, 2014.
Cox, N., Chanson, J., and Stuart, S.: The status and distribution of reptiles and amphibians of the Mediterranean Basin, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 2006.
Davis, B. A. S. and Stevenson, A. C.: The 8.2 ka event and Early-Mid Holocene forests, fires and flooding in the Central Ebro Desert, NE Spain, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 1695–1712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.04.007, 2007.
Davis, B. A. S., Brewer, S., Stevenson, A. C., Guiot, J., and Contributors, D.: The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1701–1716, 2003.
Dorado Valiño, M., Rodríguez, A. V., Zapata, M. B. R., García, M. J. G., and Gutiérrez, I. D. B.: Climatic changes since the Late-glacial/Holocene transition in La Mancha Plain (South-central Iberian Peninsula, Spain) and their incidence on Las Tablas de Daimiel marshlands, Quatern. Int., 93–94, 73–84, 2002.
Fletcher, W. J., Boski, T., and Moura, D.: Palynological evidence for environmental and climatic change in the lower Guadiana valley, Portugal, during the last 13 000 years, Holocene, 17, 481–494, 2007.
Fuentes-Utrilla, P., Venturas, M., Hollingsworth, P. M., Squirrell, J., Collada, C., Stone, G. N., and Gil, L.: Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions, Heredity, 112, 105–13, 2014.
Furrer, R., Nychka, D., and Sain, S.: fields: Tools for spatial data, R package version 8.3-6, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fields, 2016.
Godinho, R., Mendonça, B., Crespo, E. G., and Ferrand, N.: Genealogy of the nuclear beta-fibrinogen locus in a highly structured lizard species: comparison with mtDNA and evidence for intragenic recombination in the hybrid zone, Heredity, 96, 454–63, 2006.
Guiot, J.: Palaeoclimatology: Back at the last interglacial, Nature, 388, 25–27, 1997.
Guiter, F., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Digerfeldt, G., Reille, M., De Beaulieu, J. L., and Ponel, P.: Vegetation history and lake-level changes from the Younger Dryas to the present in Eastern Pyrenees (France): Pollen, plant macrofossils and lithostratigraphy from Lake Racou (2000 m a.s.l.), Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 14, 99–118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-005-0065-z, 2005.
Heiri, O., Tinner, W., and Lotter, A. F.: Evidence for cooler European summers during periods of changing meltwater flux to the North Atlantic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 15285–15288, 2004.
Hewitt, G.: The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages, Nature, 405, 907–13, 2000.
Hicks, S.: When no pollen does not mean no trees, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 15, 253–261, 2006.
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., and Jarvis, A.: Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1965–1978, 2005.
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., and Jarvis, A.: WorldClim – Global Climate Data, available at: http://www.worldclim.org, last access: July 2011.
Hu, F. S., Hampe, A., and Petit, R. J.: Paleoecology meets genetics: deciphering past vegetational dynamics, Front. Ecol. Environ., 7, 371–379, 2009.
Jalas, J. and Suominen, J. (Eds.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki, Finland, 1972, 1–10, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1994.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., and Lampinen, R. (Eds.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki, Finland, Vol. 11, 1996.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R., and Kurtto, A. (Eds.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki, Finland, Vol. 12, 1999.
Jarvis, C. H. and Stuart, N.: A Comparison among Strategies for Interpolating Maximum and Minimum Daily Air Temperatures, Part II: The Interaction between Number of Guiding Variables and the Type of Interpolation Method, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1075–1084, 2001.
Keitt, T. H., Bivand, R., Pebesma, E., and Rowlingson, B.: rgdal: Bindings for the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library, R package version 1.1-8, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgdal, 2016.
Kühl, N. and Gobet, E.: Climatic evolution during the Middle Pleistocene warm period of Bilshausen, Germany, compared to the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3736–3749, 2010.
Kühl, N., Gebhardt, C., Litt, T., and Hense, A.: Probability Density Functions as Botanical-Climatological Transfer Functions for Climate Reconstruction, Quaternary Res., 58, 381–392, 2002.
Laurent, J. M., Bar-Hen, A., François, L., Ghislain, M., and Cheddadi, R.: Refining vegetation simulation models: from plant functional types to bioclimatic affinity groups of plants, J. Veg. Sci., 15, 739–746, 2004.
Legind, J.: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, http://www.gbif.org, last access: July 2011.
Leydet, M.: European Pollen Database, available at: http://www.europeanpollendatabase.net, last access: July 2011.
MacDonald, G., Bennett, K., Jackson, S., Parducci, L., Smith, F., Smol, J., and Willis, K.: Impacts of climate change on species, populations and communities: palaeobiogeographical insights and frontiers, Prog. Phys. Geog., 32, 139–172, 2008.
Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Collins, P., and Kaplan, J.: The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 112, 109–127, 2015.
McKeever, M. H.: Comparative palynological studies of two lake sites in western Ireland and north-western Spain, PhD thesis, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, 1984.
Médail, F. and Diadema, K.: Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin, J. Biogeogr., 36, 1333–1345, 2009.
Médail, F. and Quézel, P.: Biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean Basin: setting global conservation priorities, Conserv. Biol., 13, 1510–1513, 1999.
Mee, J. A. and Moore, J.-S.: The ecological and evolutionary implications of microrefugia, J. Biogeogr., 41, 837–841, 2014.
Miraldo, A., Hewitt, G. M., Paulo, O. S., and Emerson, B. C.: Phylogeography and demographic history of Lacerta lepida in the Iberian Peninsula: multiple refugia, range expansions and secondary contact zones, BMC Evol. Biol., 11, 170, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-170, 2011.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Mittermeier, C., Da Fonseca, G., and Kent, J.: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853–858, 2000.
Naughton, F., Sanchez-Goñi, M., Desprat, S., Turon, J.-L., Duprat, J., Malaizé, B., Joli, C., Cortijo, E., Drago, T., and Freitas, M.: Present-day and past (last 25 000 years) marine pollen signal off western Iberia, Mar. Micropaleontol., 62, 91–114, 2007.
Naughton, F., Sanchez Goñi, M., Rodrigues, T., Salgueiro, E., Costas, S., Desprat, S., Duprat, J., Michel, E., Rossignol, L., Zaragosi, S., Voelker, A., and Abrantes, F.: Climate variability across the last deglaciation in NW Iberia and its margin, Quatern. Int., in press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.073, 2015.
Nogués-Bravo, D., Ohlemüller, R., Batra, P., and Araújo, M. B.: Climate predictors of late quaternary extinctions, Evolution, 64, 2442–2449, 2010.
Ohlemüller, R., Huntley, B., Normand, S., and Svenning, J.-C.: Potential source and sink locations for climate-driven species range shifts in Europe since the Last Glacial Maximum, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 21, 152–163, 2012.
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., and Kassem, K. R.: Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth, BioScience, 51, 933–938, 2001.
Pantaleón-Cano, J.: Estudi palinològic de sediments litorals de la provincia dAlmería, PhD thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 1997.
Parmesan, C. and Yohe, G.: A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems, Nature, 421, 37–42, 2003.
Pebesma, E. J.: Multivariable geostatistics in S: the gstat package, Comput. Geosci., 30, 683–691, 2004.
Peñalba Garmendia, M. C.: Dynamique de végétation tardiglaciaire et holocène du centre-nord de l'Espagne d'après l'analyse pollinique, PhD thesis, Université dAix-Marseille, Marseille, France, 1989.
Perez-Obiol, R., Jalut, G., Julia, R., Pelachs, A., Iriarte, M. J., Otto, T., Hernandez-Beloqui, B., and Pérez-Obiol, R.: Mid-Holocene vegetation and climatic history of the Iberian Peninsula, Holocene, 21, 75–93, 2011.
Pèrez-Obiol, R. and Julià, R.: Climatic change on the Iberian Peninsula recorded in a 30,000-yr pollen record from Lake Banyoles, Quaternary Res., 41, 91–98, 1994.
Petit, R. J., Aguinagalde, I., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Bittkau, C., Brewer, S., Cheddadi, R., Ennos, R., Fineschi, S., Grivet, D., Lascoux, M., Mohanty, A., Müller-Starck, G., Demesure-Musch, B., Palmé, A., Martín, J. P., Rendell, S., and Vendramin, G. G.: Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity, Science, 300, 1563–1565, 2003.
Pons, A. and Reille, A.: The Holocene and Upper Pleistocene pollen record from Padul (Granada, Spain): a new study, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoecl., 66, 243–263, 1988.
Queiroz, P.: Ecologia Histórica da Paisagem do Noroeste Alentejano, PhD thesis, Lisbon University, 1999.
R Development Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2012.
Ramsay, J. O., Wickham, H., Graves, S., and Hooker, G.: fda: Functional Data Analysis, R package version 2.4.4, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fda, 2014.
Rebelo, H., Tarroso, P., and Jones, G.: Predicted impact of climate change on European bats in relation to their biogeographic patterns, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 561–576, 2010.
Reille, M.: L'interface Tardiglaciaire-Holocène dans un site du littoral atlantique sud-européen: le Moura (Pyrénées Atlantiques, France), Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, Série 3, Sciences de la vie, 316, 463–468, 1993.
Reille, M. and Andrieu, V.: The late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Lourdes Basin, western Pyrenees, France: new pollen: analytical and chronological data, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 4, 1–21, 1995.
Renssen, H. and Isarin, R. F. B.: The two major warming phases of the last deglaciation at 14.7 and 11.5 ka cal BP in Europe: climate reconstructions and AGCM experiments, Global Planet. Change, 30, 117–153, 2001.
Roucoux, K., Abreu, L. D., Shackleton, N. J., and Tzedakis, P. C.: The response of NW Iberian vegetation to North Atlantic climate oscillations during the last 65kyr, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1637–1653, 2005.
Sánchez-Goñi, M. F. and Hannon, G. E.: High-altitude vegetational pattern on the Iberian Mountain Chain (north-central Spain) during the Holocene, Holocene, 9, 39–57, 1999.
Sandel, B., Arge, L., Dalsgaard, B., Davies, R. G., Gaston, K. J., Sutherland, W. J., and Svenning, J.-C.: The influence of Late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism, Science, 334, 660–664, 2011.
Santos, L. and Sánchez-Goñi, M. F.: Lateglacial and Holocene environmental changes in Portuguese coastal lagoons 3: vegetation history of the Santo André coastal area, Holocene, 13, 459–464, 2003.
Seppä, H. and Birks, H.: July mean temperature and annual precipitation trends during the Holocene in the Fennoscandian tree-line area: pollen-based climate reconstructions, Holocene, 11, 527–539, 2001.
Sillero, N., Brito, J. C., Skidmore, A. K., and Toxopeus, A. G.: Biogeographical patterns derived from remote sensing variables: the amphibians and reptiles of the Iberian Peninsula, Amphibia-Reptilia, 30, 185–206, 2009.
Sinervo, B., Méndez-de-la Cruz, F., Miles, D. B., Heulin, B., Bastiaans, E., Cruz, M. V.-S., Lara-Resendiz, R., Martínez-Méndez, N., Calderón-Espinosa, M. L., Meza-Lázaro, R. N., Gadsden, H., Avila, L. J., Morando, M., la Riva, I. J. D., Sepulveda, P. V., Rocha, C. F. D., Ibargüengoytía, N., Puntriano, C. A., Massot, M., Lepetz, V., Oksanen, T. A., Chapple, D. G., Bauer, A. M., Branch, W. R., Clobert, J., and Sites Jr., J. W.: Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches, Science, 328, 894–9, 2010.
Sykes, M. T., Prentice, I. C., and Cramer, W.: A Bioclimatic Model for the Potential Distributions of North European Tree Species Under Present and Future Climates, Blackwell Publishing Stable, J. Biogeogr., 23, 203–233, 1996.
Taberlet, P. and Cheddadi, R.: Quaternary refugia and persistence of biodiversity, Science, 297, 2009–2010, 2002.
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., de Siqueira, M. F., Grainer, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., van Jaarsveld, A. S., Midgley, G. F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M. A., Peterson, A. T., Phillips, l. L., and Williams, S. E.: Extinction risk from climate change, Nature, 427, 145–148, 2004.
Tzedakis, P. C., Lawson, I. T., Frogley, M. R., Hewitt, G. M., and Preece, R. C.: Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications, Science, 297, 2044–2047, 2002.
Van der Knaap, W. O. and Van Leeuwen, J. F. N.: Holocene vegetation, human impact, and climatic change in the Serra da Estrela, Portugal, Dissertationes Botanicae, 234, 497–535, 1994.
Van der Wiel, A. M. and Wijmstra, T. A.: Palynology of the lower part (78–120 m) of the core Tenaghi Philippon II, Middle Pleistocene of Macedonia, Greece, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 52, 73–88, 1987a.
Van der Wiel, A. M. and Wijmstra, T. A.: Palynology of the 112.8–197.8 m interval of the core Tenaghi Philippon III, middle Pleistocene of Macedonia, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 52, 89–108, 1987b.
von Grafenstein, U., Erlenkeuser, H., Brauer, A., Jouzel, J., Johnsen, S. J., and von Grafenstein, U.: A Mid-European Decadal Isotope-Climate Record from 15, 500 to 5000 Years BP, Science, 1654, 1654–1657, 2012.
Webb, R. S., Anderson, K. H., and Webb III, T.: Pollen response-surface estimates of late-Quaternary changes in the moisture balance of the northeastern United States, Quaternary Res., 40, 213–227, 1993.
Weiss, S. and Ferrand, N. (Eds.): Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia, Springer, 2007.
Wijmstra, T.: Palynology of the first 30 m of a 120 m deep section in northern Greece, Acta Bot. Neerl., 18, 511–527, 1969.
Wijmstra, T. A. and Smith, A.: Palynology of the middle part (30–78 metres) of the 120 m deep section in northern Greece (Macedonia), Acta Bot. Neerl., 25, 297–312, 1976.
Willis, K. J., Bailey, R. M., Bhagwat, S. A., and Birks, H. J. B.: Biodiversity baselines, thresholds and resilience: testing predictions and assumptions using palaeoecological data, Trends Ecol. Evol., 25, 583–91, 2010.
Yll, E. I., Pérez-Obiol, R., Pantaleón-Cano, J., and Roure, J. M.: Dinámica del paisaje vegetal en la vertiente mediterránea de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares desde el Tardiglaciar hasta el presente, Reconstrucción de Paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cuaternario, 3, 319–328, 1995.
Yll, E.-I., Perez-Obiol, R., Pantaleon-Cano, J., and Roure, J. M.: Palynological evidence for climatic change and human activity during the Holocene on Minorca (Balearic Islands), Quaternary Res., 48, 339–347, 1997.
Short summary
The climate fluctuates between warm and cold stages, forcing biodiversity to shift patterns according to climatic tolerance. Here we provide an analysis of the shifting patterns of climate in the Iberian Peninsula for the last 15 000 years. By analysing climate in the spatial and temporal dimensions, we were able to divide the peninsula into areas that shared similar climate patterns and to derive a map of climate stability for this period.
The climate fluctuates between warm and cold stages, forcing biodiversity to shift patterns...
