Andrua, H. J.: Tropical secondary forest management in Africa: Reality and perpectives, Uganda, Country paper, Ministry of Water, Lands, and Environment, Kampala, available at: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/J0628E/J0628E65.htm, last access: 14 October 2014, 2002.
De Cort, G., Bessems, I., Keppens, E., Mees, F., Cumming, B., and Verschuren, D.: Late-Holocene and recent hydroclimatic variability in the central Kenya Rift Valley: the sediment record of hypersaline lakes Bogoria, Nakuru and Elementeita, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 388, 69–80, 2013.
de Filippo, C., Bostoen, K., Stoneking, M., and Pakendorf, B.: Bringing together linguistic and genetic evidence to test the Bantu expansion, P. R. Soc. B., 279, 3256–3263, 2012.
Drescher-Schneider, R., de Beaulieu, J., Magny, M., Walter-Simonnet, A., Bossuet, G., Millet, L., Brugiapaglia, E., and Drescher, A.: Vegetation history, climate and human impact over the last 15,000 years at Lago dell'Accesa (Tuscany, Central Italy), Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 16, 279–299, 2007.
Duffin, K. I. and Bunting, M. J.: Relative pollen productivity and fall speed estimates for southern African savanna taxa, Veg. Hist. Arcaeobot., 17, 507–525, 2008.
Flohn, H.: East African rains of 1961/62 and the abrupt change of White Nile discharge, Palaeoecology of Africa, 18, 3–18, 1987.
Friis, I.: Urticaceae, in: Flora of tropical East Africa, edited by: Polhill, R. M., Balkema, Rotterdam, 1–64, 1989.
Gelorini, V., Ssemmanda, I., and Verschuren, D.: Validation of non-pollen palynomorphs as paleoenvironmental indicators in tropical Africa: contrasting ~200-year paleolimnological records of climate change and human impact, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 186, 90–101, 2012a.
Gelorini, V., Verbeken, A., Lens, L., Eggermont, H., Odgaard, B., and Verschuren, D.: Effects of land use on the fungal spore richness in small crater-lake basins of western Uganda, Fungal Divers., 55, 125–142, 2012b.
Grimm, E. C.: CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares, Comput. Geosci., 13, 13–35, 1987.
Grimm, E. C.: TILIA 1.7.16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, available at: http://intra.museum.state.il.us/pub/grimm/tilia, last access: 14 October 2014, 2011.
Hemp, A.: Vegetation of Kilimanjaro: hidden endemics and missing bamboo, Afr. J. Ecol., 44, 305–328, 2006.
Jackson, S. T.: Pollen source area and representation in small lakes of the northeastern United States, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 63, 53–76, 1990.
Killick, D.: Cairo to Cape: the spread of metallurgy through eastern and southern Africa, J. World Prehist., 22, 399–414, 2009.
Kirabo, A., Byakagaba, P., Buyinza, M., and Namaalwa, J.: Agroforestry as a land conflict management strategy in western Uganda, Environmental Research Journal, 5, 18–24, 2011.
Marchant, R. and Taylor, D.: Dynamics of montane forest in central Africa during the late Holocene: a pollen-based record from western Uganda, Holocene, 8, 375–381, 1998.
Mathias, I. and Giesecke, T.: Insights into pollen source area, transport and deposition from modern pollen accumulation rates in lake sediments, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 87, 12–23, 2004.
Mills, K., Ryves, D. B., Anderson, N. J., Bryant, C. L., and Tyler, J. J.: Expressions of climate perturbations in western Ugandan crater lake sediment records during the last 1000 years, Clim. Past, 10, 1581–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1581-2014, 2014.
Mutai, C. C. and Ward, M. N.: East African rainfall and the tropical circulation/convection on intraseasonal to interannual timescales, J. Climate, 13, 3915–3939, 2000.
National Biomass Study: Uganda land cover stratification (vegetation) with districts, counties and protected areas, Government of Uganda, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Department, 1996.
Nicholson, S. E.: A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in eastern Africa, in: The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, edited by: Johnson, T. C. and Odada, E. O., Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam, 25–56, 1996.
Nicholson, S. E.: Historical fluctuations of Lake Victoria and other lakes in the northern Rift Valley of East Africa, in: Environmental change and response in East African lakes edited by: Lehman, J. T., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 7–35, 1998.
Nicholson, S. E.: A semi-quantitative, regional precipitation data set for studying african climates of the nineteenth century, Part I. Overview of the data set, Climatic Change, 50, 317–353, 2001.
Nicholson, S. E. and Yin, X.: Rainfall conditions in equatorial East Africa during the nineteenth century as inferred from the record of Lake Victoria, Climatic Change, 48, 387–398, 2001.
Quantum GIS Development Team: Quantum GIS Geographic Information System, Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project, available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org, last access: 14 October 2014, 1991.
Reid, A.: Cattle, identity and genocide in the African Great Lakes region, Archaeology International, 4, 35–38, 2000.
Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.: A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the Late Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1375–1389, 2005.
Russell, J. M., McCoy, S. J., Verschuren, D., Bessems, I., and Huang, Y.: Human impacts, climate change, and aquatic ecosystem response during the past 2000 yr at lake Wandakara, Uganda, Quaternary Res., 72, 315–324, 2009.
Ryves, D. B., Mills, K., Bennike, O., Broderson, K. P., Lamb, A. L., Leng, M. J., Russell, J. M., and Ssemmanda, I.: Environmental change over the last millennium recorded in two contrasting crater lakes in western Uganda, eastern Africa (Lakes Kasenda and Wandakara), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 555–569, 2011.
Ssemmanda, I., Ryves, D. B., Bennike, O., and Appleby, P. G.: Vegetation history in western Uganda during the last 1200 years: a sediment-based reconstruction from two crater lakes, Holocene, 15, 119–132, 2005.
Stager, J. C., Ryves, D., Cumming, B. F., Meeker, L. D., and Beer, J.: Solar variability and the levels of Lake Victoria, East Africa, during the last millennium, J. Paleolimnol., 33, 243–251, 2005.
Sugita, S.: POLLSCAPE model: simulation approach for pollen representation of vegetation and land cover, Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2nd Edn., 3, 871–879, 2013.
Taylor, D., Marchant, R. M., and Robertshaw, P.: A sediment-based history of medium-altitude forest in central Africa: a record from Kabata Swamp, Ndale volcanic field, Uganda, J. Ecol., 87, 303–315, 1999.
Taylor, D., Lane, P. J., Muiruri, V., Ruttledge, A., Mckeever, G. R., Nolan, T., Kenny, P., and Goodhue, R.: Mid- to late-Holocene vegetation dynamics on the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya, Holocene, 15, 837–846, 2005.
Verschuren, D.: A lightweight extruder for accurate sectioning of soft-bottom lake sediment cores in the field, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1796–1802, 1993.
Verschuren, D.: Influence of depth and mixing regime on sedimentation in a fluctuating tropical soda lake, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1103–1113, 1999.
Verschuren, D.: Reconstructing fluctuations of a shallow East African lake during the past 1800 years from sediment stratigraphy in a submerged crater basin, J. Paleolimnol. 25, 297–311, 2001.
Verschuren, D.: Decadal and century-scale climate variability in tropical Africa during the past 2000 years, in: Past climate variability through Europe and Africa, edited by: Batterbee, R. W., Gasse, F., and Stickley, C. E., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 139–158, 2004.
Vincens, A., Ssemmanda, I., Roux, M., and Jolly, D.: Study of the modern pollen rain in western Uganda with a numerical approach, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 96, 145–168, 1997.
Vincens, A., Williamson, D., Thevenon, F., Taieb, M., Buchet, G., Decobert, M., and Thouveny, N.: Pollen-based vegetation changes in southern Tanzania during the last 4200 years: climate change and/or human impact, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 198, 321–334, 2003.
Vincens, A., Bremond, L., Brewer, S., Buchet, G., and Dussouillez, P.: Modern pollen-based biome reconstructions in East Africa expanded to southern Tanzania, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 140, 187–212, 2006.
Vincens, A., Lezine, A.-M., Buchet, G., Lewden, D., Le Thomas, A., and contributors: African pollen database inventory of tree and shrub pollen types, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 145, 135–141, 2007.
White, F.: The vegetation of Africa: a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa, Natural Resources Research, 20, 1–356, 1983.
