https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/ Combined list of the recent articles of the journal Climate of the Past and the recent discussion forum Climate of the Past Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1691-2026 <b>Complex interplay of forcings drives Indian vegetation and summer monsoon variability during MIS 11</b><br> Dulce Oliveira, Stéphanie Desprat, Qiuzhen Yin, Coralie Zorzi, Zhipeng Wu, Krishnamurthy Anupama, Srinivasan Prasad, Montserrat Alonso-García, and Philippe Martinez<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1691–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1691-2026, 2026<br> We present an unprecedented record of Indian summer monsoon (ISM)-induced vegetation changes for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, a key interglacial. Site U1446 pollen data and models show that ISM-vegetation shifts stem from an interplay of dominant forcings based on boundary conditions. Insolation is the main driver during MIS 11c interglacial conditions, akin to future scenarios, while ice volume and CO₂ prevail in the glacial inception. Superimposed changes are marked by prominent forest contractions and expansions. 2026-09-15T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1675-2026 <b>Limited atmospheric iron availability increase during the Younger Dryas in the Northern Hemisphere</b><br> François Burgay, Haley Derrod, Tobias Erhardt, Federico Scoto, Delia Segato, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Federico Dallo, Daniele Zannoni, Azzurra Spagnesi, Helle-Astrid Kjær, Hubertus Fischer, Cristiano Varin, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Spolaor<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1675–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1675-2026, 2026<br> Ice-core measurements from Greenland suggest that atmospheric iron deposition played a smaller role than previously thought in regulating marine productivity in the iron-limited North Pacific. Despite a strong increase in total iron deposition, the fraction of iron more likely to be available to phytoplankton rose only modestly, pointing to sea-ice extent and sedimentary iron remobilization as potentially more important factors during the last glacial transition. 2026-09-15T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1655-2026 <b>Quantifying Southern Hemisphere dust sources during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition using rare earth elements in the EPICA Dome C ice core</b><br> Sibylle Boxho, Aubry Vanderstraeten, Nadine Mattielli, Goulven G. Laruelle, Aloys Bory, Paolo Gabrielli, and Steeve Bonneville<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1655–1674, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1655-2026, 2026<br> We present a high-resolution, quantitative reconstruction of dust provenance in the EPICA Dome C ice core (33.7–2.8 kyr BP) using Rare Earth Elements (REE). Dust was mainly sourced from Patagonia during glacial periods, shifting toward Australia, Southern Africa, and the Puna-Altiplano after 14.5 kyr BP due to sea-level rise and hydrological rearrangement in Patagonia. These changes also reflect major reorganizations of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. 2026-09-08T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1609-2026 <b>Mixed layer depth in the PMIP4 midHolocene simulations: comparison to proxy data in North Atlantic deep convection regions</b><br> Xiner Wu, Anne de Vernal, and Paul G. Myers<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1609–1629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1609-2026, 2026<br> The ocean mixed layer needs to be correctly represented in climate models to provide reliable future projections. We evaluate the mixed layer depth in 15 climate models against reconstructions for the mid-Holocene North Atlantic. The lack of meltwater input to models causes the simulated mixed layer to be deeper than reconstructed in the Labrador Sea but does not affect the Nordic Seas. Deep ocean mixing in the Labrador Sea may be particularly sensitive to ice-sheet melting under global warming. 2026-09-02T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1631-2026 <b>Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction in the Western Mediterranean during the Late Early Pleistocene</b><br> Maé Catrain, Séverine Fauquette, Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Vincent Lebreton, Morgane Fischer-Fries, Mary Robles, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Patricia Richard, Marion Delattre, Lionel Dubost, Sébastien Joannin, Amandine Viala, Yul Altolaguirre, Jean-Pierre Suc, Jeanne Lepelletier, and Marie-Hélène Moncel<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1631–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1631-2026, 2026<br> This multiproxy study investigates changes in climate cyclicity at Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition. Clay mineralogy analysis highlights a sudden change in oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Alboran Basin around 1140 ka. Pollen, foraminifera and faunal data suggest that the climate and vegetation of this region are more likely to be influenced by variations in precipitation, hinting at major differences between the Iberian Peninsula and southern Italy. 2026-09-02T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1585-2026 <b>Anatolia (Türkiye) during the late Eocene and the Eocene–Oligocene Transition: successive warming and cooling, aridification, and implications for the westward dispersal of Asian terrestrial mammals</b><br> Paul Botté, Alexis Licht, Anne-Lise Jourdan, Leny Montheil, François Demory, Mustafa Kaya, Faruk Ocakoğlu, Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz, Deniz İbilioğlu, Pauline Coster, Grégoire Métais, Benjamin Raynaud, and K. Christopher Beard<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1585–1608, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1585-2026, 2026<br> The Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT; ~34 Ma) marks a major global cooling that transformed terrestrial ecosystems and influenced mammalian dispersals. A continental record from Anatolia reveals a Late Eocene warming followed by abrupt cooling at the EOT, documented by geochemistry and sedimentology. This interval is also characterized by increasing aridity, which likely contributed to the decline of endemic taxa and facilitated the westward expansion of Asian mammals into western Europe. 2026-08-31T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1559-2026 <b>Increased abyssal ocean density stratification across the Middle Pleistocene Transition</b><br> Nicola C. Thomas, Heather L. Ford, Mervyn Greaves, and David A. Hodell<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1559–1584, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1559-2026, 2026<br> We reconstruct interbasinal temperature and salinity gradients using stacked Mg/Ca and benthic δ¹⁸O records for the past 1.5 Myr. Across the Middle Pleistocene Transition, the deep Atlantic cooled and the Pacific became more saline, increasing deep ocean density stratification. The glacial ocean became a more effective carbon trap, which lowered atmospheric pCO2, and led to the growth of larger ice sheets. Results support a physical role for abyssal ocean stratification in explaining the MPT. 2026-08-19T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1537-2026 <b>Holocene hydroclimatic variability and multi-frequency analyses at Lake Sidi Ali (Morocco)</b><br> Johannes Schmidt, Markus Reichert, Cathleen Kertscher, Birgit Schneider, Elisabeth Dietze, Laura Bergmann, Abdelfattah Benkaddour, Abdeslam Mikdad, Sylvain Pichat, William Fletcher, Steffen Mischke, and Christoph Zielhofer<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1537–1557, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1537-2026, 2026<br> This study uses lake sediments from Lake Sidi Ali in Morocco to understand how climate and the surrounding landscape changed over the past 11,000 years. The results show repeating climate patterns that influenced lake water levels and erosion in the catchment at different timescales. These findings help explain how regional climate and local landscape processes interacted at the North African desert margin. 2026-08-10T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1507-2026 <b>Advancing Last Glacial Maximum paleoclimate reconstructions in Europe using pollen data: a multi-method (mega)biomization approach</b><br> Gabriel Fénisse, Manuel Chevalier, Odile Peyron, David Vincent Bekaert, and Pierre-Henri Blard<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1507–1536, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1507-2026, 2026<br> Fossil pollen offers insights into past climates, yet results differ depending on reconstruction methods. By comparing multiple approaches across Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum, we highlight how method choice influences outcomes. Our work introduces a new methodological framework that reduces biases and improves the reliability of climate reconstructions. 2026-08-10T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1499-2026 <b>Amplified cooling of Snowball Earth from a salt-albedo feedback</b><br> Aksel Samuelsberg, Per Kristen Jakobsen, and Martin Rypdal<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1499–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1499-2026, 2026<br> In this work we implement a feedback mechanism with proposed relevance for Snowball Earth in a simple climate model, a salt-albedo feedback. Our results show that this mechanism could have amplified cooling during the initial phase of Snowball Earth, suggesting it may have played an overlooked role in the climate evolution of Snowball Earth. 2026-08-06T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1481-2026 <b>Permian-Triassic redox shift and its ferruginous aftermath in epicontinental seas</b><br> Fen Yang, Sen Li, Stephen E. Grasby, David P. G. Bond, Ming Pan, and Yadong Sun<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1481–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1481-2026, 2026<br> The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe loss of life in Earth history, yet the role of ocean oxygen restriction remains debated. We examined rock records from South China and western Canada to track redox conditions before and after the crisis. Oxygen levels were already low prior to the extinction, and widespread seafloor anoxia developed at its peak. Afterwards, ferruginous conditions dominated, reducing nutrient availability, limiting productivity, and slowing life’s recovery. 2026-08-06T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1457-2026 <b>The influence of glacial Northern Hemisphere ice sheets on atmospheric circulation</b><br> Himadri Saini, David K. Hutchinson, Josephine R. Brown, Russell N. Drysdale, Yanxuan Du, and Laurie Menviel<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1457–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1457-2026, 2026<br> During the last ice age, Northern Hemisphere ice sheets reshaped global climate. They shifted North Atlantic winds southward, increasing summer rainfall across Eurasia. They also altered tropical and Southern Hemisphere weather patterns, affecting rainfall far beyond the ice-covered regions. Our results show that the height and shape of the ice sheets had a much greater influence on global wind and rainfall patterns than changes in Earth’s orbit, greenhouse gases, or surface reflectivity. 2026-08-05T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1423-2026 <b>Multidecadal behavior of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last millennium</b><br> Andrew A. Flaim, Bronwen L. Konecky, and Sloan Coats<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1423–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1423-2026, 2026<br> The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is an important driver of year-to-year weather variability in Europe and North America, but its behavior on longer timescales is disputed. We present a new reconstruction of the NAO over the last millennium using water isotope proxy data from ice cores, speleothems, trees, and other archives. We find pronounced but irregular multidecadal to centennial variability. Better accounting for such variability in climate models is crucial to better project future climate. 2026-08-04T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1441-2026 <b>Atmospheric pressure and anemological conditions in south-western Greenland in the second half of the 18th century</b><br> Konrad Chmist, Garima Singh, Andrzej Araźny, Rajmund Przybylak, and Przemysław Wyszyński<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1441–1455, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1441-2026, 2026<br> The currently observed climate changes are most intense in the Arctic region. This study utilized some of the oldest existing meteorological measurement series in this region. Atmospheric pressure and anemological conditions were analysed and then compared with contemporary measurements. This showed that the weakest low and strongest high systems occur in the same months. Prevailing wind directions have also remained unchanged, while the northerly wind carries less frigid air than in the past. 2026-08-04T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1401-2026 <b>Holocene temperatures in southwestern Greenland controlled by topography, ice sheet proximity, and oceanic conditions</b><br> Sudip Acharya, Allison A. Cluett, Amy L. Grogan, Jason P. Briner, Isla S. Castañeda, and Elizabeth K. Thomas<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1401–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1401-2026, 2026<br> We generated five new and compiled previously published Holocene temperature timeseries from southwestern Greenland. We found temperature maxima between 7500 and 5000 years ago, with temperatures approx. 2–5 °C higher than 1994–2024. Afterward, temperatures gradually cooled towards the present, following maximum summer insolation. Local variations in the magnitude and timing of the thermal maximum are related to topography and proximity to the ice sheet and the ocean. 2026-07-29T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1383-2026 <b>Air temperature changes in Wrocław (southwestern Poland) in 1773–1781 based on recently discovered early-instrumental meteorological measurements</b><br> Rajmund Przybylak, Aleksandra Pospieszyńska, and Piotr Oliński<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1383–1400, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1383-2026, 2026<br> The article discusses (i) a recently discovered series of meteorological measurements (air temperature, precipitation, pressure, humidity, wind direction, and force) taken in Wrocław, South-Western Poland, from 1773–81, and (ii) an analysis of air temperature. This unique, quality-controlled series, verified against data from Silesia (Żagań and Jelenia Góra) and Warsaw, extends Wrocław's regular temperature records back to 1773, previously starting in 1791. 2026-07-27T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1363-2026 <b>Riukojietna, a small low-altitude ice cap that may have persisted through the Holocene: evidence from combining cosmogenic multi-nuclide dating and lacustrine sediment records</b><br> Arjen P. Stroeven, Gunhild C. Rosqvist, Alexandria J. Koester, Jane L. Andersen, Carl-Anton Wahlström, and Nathaniel A. Lifton<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1363–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1363-2026, 2026<br> Did Scandinavian glaciers survive the warmer conditions of the early Holocene? Ice thickness measurements, proglacial lake sediment, and cosmogenic nuclides in bedrock alongside Riukojietna, a small low-elevation ice cap in northern Sweden, all combine to constrain a glacier advance and retreat history since 9.8 thousand years ago. Riukojietna was small but persisted through the early Holocene, illustrating that other but higher-elevation valley glaciers in the region may also have done so. 2026-07-27T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1305-2026 <b>Pleistocene benthic foraminifera bioevents in the Central Arctic Ocean: stratigraphic and paleoceanographic implications</b><br> Jutta E. Wollenburg and Jens Matthiessen<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1305–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1305-2026, 2026<br> Arctic Pleistocene benthic foraminifers show distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns in the Arctic Ocean. We refine previously applied calcareous benthic foraminiferal bioevents and correlated them with lithology changes and independent stratigraphic markers. Benthic foraminifera colonized the Arctic Ocean via advection of Atlantic water and ecological requirements must have been met locally for the species to settle. Yet, bioevents also reflect significant diagenetic loss. 2026-07-21T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1291-2026 <b>Ice core nitrogen isotopes archive dramatic changes in West Antarctic Ice Sheet thinning</b><br> Amy C. F. King, Thomas K. Bauska, Amaëlle Landais, Carlos Martín, and Eric W. Wolff<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1291–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1291-2026, 2026<br> We show how measurements of nitrogen isotopes in Antarctic ice core records can be used to show dramatic thinning of an ice sheet during ice mass changes in the Holocene. Combining such measurements with proxies for ice sheet elevation could be a powerful tool for constraining the history of ice dynamics at sites which are sensitive to rapid changes, and could contribute to constraining ice sheet models. 2026-07-14T21:29:33+02:00 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1277-2026 <b>Correcting a systematic bias in an ocean drilling project site 882 alkenone sea surface temperature record</b><br> Joseph B. Novak, Rocío P. Caballero-Gill, Timothy D. Herbert, Harry J. Dowsett, and Alfredo Martínez-García<br> Clim. Past, 22, 1277–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-22-1277-2026, 2026<br> Accurate information about the surface ocean temperatures are important for understanding Earth's climate history. Here, we correct a sea surface temperature record from the critical subarctic North Pacific region for systematic biases introduced into the algal-biomarker-based geologic temperature estimates by the analytical method used by the original study. 2026-07-08T21:29:33+02:00