the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Temporal variations of surface mass balance over the last 5000 years around Dome Fuji, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
- 1National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- 2Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- 3Japan Agency for Marine Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
- 4Tateyama Caldera Sabo Museum, Toyama, 930-1405, Japan
- 5The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- 6Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- 7School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
- 8School of Sustainable Design, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- 9Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
- 10Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
- 11Physical Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Japan
- 12Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
- 1National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- 2Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
- 3Japan Agency for Marine Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
- 4Tateyama Caldera Sabo Museum, Toyama, 930-1405, Japan
- 5The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- 6Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- 7School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
- 8School of Sustainable Design, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- 9Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
- 10Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
- 11Physical Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Japan
- 12Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
Abstract. We reconstructed surface mass balance (SMB) around Dome Fuji, Antarctica, over the last 5000 years using the data from 15 shallow ice cores and 7 snow pits. The depth-age relationships for the ice cores were determined by synchronizing them with a layer-counted ice core from West Antarctica (WAIS Divide ice core) using volcanic signals. The reconstructed SMB records for the last 4000 years show spatial patterns that may be affected by their locations relative to the ice divides around Dome Fuji, proximity to the ocean, and wind direction. The SMB records from the individual ice cores and snow pits were stacked to reconstruct the SMB history in the Dome Fuji area. The stacked record exhibits a long-term decreasing trend at −0.037±0.005 kg m-2 per century over the last 5000 years in the preindustrial period. The decreasing trend may be the result of long-term surface cooling over East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, and sea-ice expansion in the water vapor source areas. The multidecadal to centennial variations of the Dome Fuji SMB after detrending the record shows four distinct periods during the last millennium: mostly negative period before 1300 C.E., slightly positive for 1300–1450 C.E., slightly negative for 1450–1850 C.E. with a weak maximum around 1600 C.E., and strong increase after 1850 C.E. These variations are consistent with those of previously reconstructed SMB records in the East Antarctic plateau. The low accumulation rate periods tend to coincide with the combination of strong volcanic forcings and solar minima for the last 1000 years, but the correspondence is not clear for the older periods, possibly because of the lack of coincidence of volcanic and solar forcings, or the deterioration of the SMB record due to smaller number of stacked cores.
Ikumi Oyabu et al.
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on cp-2022-68', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Nov 2022
Review of Oyabu et al., “Temporal variations of surface mass balance over the last 5000 years around Dome Fuji, Dronning Maud land, East Antarctica.”
This study adds a significant dataset to surface mass balance estimations for East Antarctica. As the authors suggest, it is primarily aimed at adding a new stacked dataset to a region with only minimal information currently. It is not an indepth analysis of the mechanisms causing variability in the record/s described. So I have read the manuscript in this spirit assuming further analysis of the dataset is underway. I have primarily minor comments as follows.
The introduction is a good assessment of current knowledge and knowledge gaps.
Line 91 – there is also a first order issue here – that most of the EAIS is difficult to access in a spatially coherent way – so any addition to the dataset such as this is valuable.
Line 113 – what does ‘continentality’ mean?
Lines 170-175 – could do with a bit of editing for readability.
Section starting at line 259 – there is not enough detail here about these analyses. At what resolution were they measured? Continuous or at interval’s and in what cores? What were mean concentrations and were these ok for detection limits?
Section starting at line 275 – this needs an introductory sentence. Explain why you were measuring tritium, and why this is essential to this particular study.
Line 283 – depending on resolution…
Line 284 – this is dependent on site resolution/annual accumulation, so this statement is not correct for some sites in Antarctica, e.g. high resolution coastal sites, where the lag can be as low as 6 months. Be more specific.
Fig. 3. Is it possible to use some colour banding or other visual way to illustrate the common ties in this figure? In shallower cores it is relatively easy to visually pick out the common groups of ties, but in deeper areas this is close to impossible, so the point of the figure is lost. The figure is a promising one, but currently risks losing the readers faith that the figure is designed to clearly allow the reader to discern common ties. It is not possible with just the figure alone (regardless of what is in the supp info). The figure should stand alone in being able to communicate the ties.
Fig. 4. Other double Pinatubo peaks have been detected elsewhere in east antarctica. E.g. see Plummer et al., 2012 or Crockart et al., 2021 (both in Climate of the Past). There is also always a chance that this relatively small eruption is confused with another unidentified regional eruption.
Line 362 – any age errors?
Line 383 – rephrase, this is confusing prose. E.g. “longer to the north and smaller to the south”
Line 387 – or larger variability in orographic deposition
Section starting at line 398 – you need to explain why you chose these periods. Presumbaly for dating/volcanic tie reasons, but to do a good good analysis of climatologically why there are differences, you also need good climatological reasonbs for the separation of your different time periods.
Figure 7 and Table 3. As best I can tell, these two elements display the same information. Remove one or the other, probably the table to supp info.
Section around line 505. This has also been reported at Dome C, with the shifting Dome position related to small variations in wind direction, which have further been related to the frequency and position of mid-latitude atmospheric blocking in the southern ocean. See papers by Frezzotti and Scarchilli, and also Masson, Pook et al. Also recent work by Jonathan Wille, John Turner and Danielle Udy on the influence of meridional mid-latitude atmospheric variability and events on east Antarctic SMB and ice cores.
The discussion is well written for what is predominantly data focussed paper. I think a bit more discussion is required in the section at lines 675-680 around why GHG and ozone depletion might increase moisture content over the Southern Ocean. Readers may be aware of the theories, but they should still be elaborated on here, as this increase in SMB is one of the primary findings surely? Also – I'm not sure whether GHG and Ozone depeletion can be easily related to interior east Antarctica yet. Are there any papers you can cite specifically about interior SMB changes and GHG/ozone?
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Ikumi Oyabu, 23 Dec 2022
-
RC2: 'Comment on cp-2022-68', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Dec 2022
This work represents a new time-series of snow mass balance for the last 5000 years in the vicinity of Dome Fuji (central East Antarctica). Since in this region there is a huge lack of such data, this work is a very important contribution to the understanding of the factors controlling the behavior of SMB in East Antarctica. The authors present in details the processes of obtaining the SMB data including the involved uncertainties. They also compare the newly obtained timeseries with the SMB data from the other Antarctic regions, as well as with other climatic records of the Southern Hemisphere.
General comment: in your manuscript you discuss the local air temperature as an important factor governing the SMB (e.g., section 4.1). In view of this, it would be useful to present in this paper the stable water isotopes records from the same cores, as temperature proxies. This would also allow to calculate the isotope-SMB sensitivity, which would be relevant to the other studies. Please consider this possibility.
Minor comments:
Table 1: I am not sure if the last column is really necessary. The number of JARE campaign really tells nothing to a reader. The observation date is enough.
Lines 158-160: it should be possible to evaluate the error of the bulk density by comparing the density values measured in the same depth intervals in different (but closely located, e.g., in the vicinity of the DF station) cores. If we assume that the density-depth profiles are constant in time (Sorge’s law), then the density at the same depths should be the same in different neighboring cores, and the difference between them would be explained by the measurement errors and the spatial variability.
Line 217: d is depth in m.
Line 654: to my knowledge, the 1458 eruption that was previously interpreted as Kuwae, now is rather interpreted as unknown event (Hartman, L.H., Kurbatov, A.V., Winski, D.A., Cruz-Uribe, A.M., Davies, S.M., Dunbar, N.W., Iverson, N.A., Aydin, M., Fegyveresi, J.M., Ferris, D.G., Fudge, T.J., Osterberg, E.C., Hargreaves, G.M. and Yates, M.G. (2019). Volcanic glass properties from 1459 C.E. volcanic event in South Pole ice core dismiss Kuwae caldera as a potential source. Nature Scientific Reports 9(14437), 1-7. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50939-x).
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Ikumi Oyabu, 23 Dec 2022
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on cp-2022-68', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Nov 2022
Review of Oyabu et al., “Temporal variations of surface mass balance over the last 5000 years around Dome Fuji, Dronning Maud land, East Antarctica.”
This study adds a significant dataset to surface mass balance estimations for East Antarctica. As the authors suggest, it is primarily aimed at adding a new stacked dataset to a region with only minimal information currently. It is not an indepth analysis of the mechanisms causing variability in the record/s described. So I have read the manuscript in this spirit assuming further analysis of the dataset is underway. I have primarily minor comments as follows.
The introduction is a good assessment of current knowledge and knowledge gaps.
Line 91 – there is also a first order issue here – that most of the EAIS is difficult to access in a spatially coherent way – so any addition to the dataset such as this is valuable.
Line 113 – what does ‘continentality’ mean?
Lines 170-175 – could do with a bit of editing for readability.
Section starting at line 259 – there is not enough detail here about these analyses. At what resolution were they measured? Continuous or at interval’s and in what cores? What were mean concentrations and were these ok for detection limits?
Section starting at line 275 – this needs an introductory sentence. Explain why you were measuring tritium, and why this is essential to this particular study.
Line 283 – depending on resolution…
Line 284 – this is dependent on site resolution/annual accumulation, so this statement is not correct for some sites in Antarctica, e.g. high resolution coastal sites, where the lag can be as low as 6 months. Be more specific.
Fig. 3. Is it possible to use some colour banding or other visual way to illustrate the common ties in this figure? In shallower cores it is relatively easy to visually pick out the common groups of ties, but in deeper areas this is close to impossible, so the point of the figure is lost. The figure is a promising one, but currently risks losing the readers faith that the figure is designed to clearly allow the reader to discern common ties. It is not possible with just the figure alone (regardless of what is in the supp info). The figure should stand alone in being able to communicate the ties.
Fig. 4. Other double Pinatubo peaks have been detected elsewhere in east antarctica. E.g. see Plummer et al., 2012 or Crockart et al., 2021 (both in Climate of the Past). There is also always a chance that this relatively small eruption is confused with another unidentified regional eruption.
Line 362 – any age errors?
Line 383 – rephrase, this is confusing prose. E.g. “longer to the north and smaller to the south”
Line 387 – or larger variability in orographic deposition
Section starting at line 398 – you need to explain why you chose these periods. Presumbaly for dating/volcanic tie reasons, but to do a good good analysis of climatologically why there are differences, you also need good climatological reasonbs for the separation of your different time periods.
Figure 7 and Table 3. As best I can tell, these two elements display the same information. Remove one or the other, probably the table to supp info.
Section around line 505. This has also been reported at Dome C, with the shifting Dome position related to small variations in wind direction, which have further been related to the frequency and position of mid-latitude atmospheric blocking in the southern ocean. See papers by Frezzotti and Scarchilli, and also Masson, Pook et al. Also recent work by Jonathan Wille, John Turner and Danielle Udy on the influence of meridional mid-latitude atmospheric variability and events on east Antarctic SMB and ice cores.
The discussion is well written for what is predominantly data focussed paper. I think a bit more discussion is required in the section at lines 675-680 around why GHG and ozone depletion might increase moisture content over the Southern Ocean. Readers may be aware of the theories, but they should still be elaborated on here, as this increase in SMB is one of the primary findings surely? Also – I'm not sure whether GHG and Ozone depeletion can be easily related to interior east Antarctica yet. Are there any papers you can cite specifically about interior SMB changes and GHG/ozone?
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Ikumi Oyabu, 23 Dec 2022
-
RC2: 'Comment on cp-2022-68', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Dec 2022
This work represents a new time-series of snow mass balance for the last 5000 years in the vicinity of Dome Fuji (central East Antarctica). Since in this region there is a huge lack of such data, this work is a very important contribution to the understanding of the factors controlling the behavior of SMB in East Antarctica. The authors present in details the processes of obtaining the SMB data including the involved uncertainties. They also compare the newly obtained timeseries with the SMB data from the other Antarctic regions, as well as with other climatic records of the Southern Hemisphere.
General comment: in your manuscript you discuss the local air temperature as an important factor governing the SMB (e.g., section 4.1). In view of this, it would be useful to present in this paper the stable water isotopes records from the same cores, as temperature proxies. This would also allow to calculate the isotope-SMB sensitivity, which would be relevant to the other studies. Please consider this possibility.
Minor comments:
Table 1: I am not sure if the last column is really necessary. The number of JARE campaign really tells nothing to a reader. The observation date is enough.
Lines 158-160: it should be possible to evaluate the error of the bulk density by comparing the density values measured in the same depth intervals in different (but closely located, e.g., in the vicinity of the DF station) cores. If we assume that the density-depth profiles are constant in time (Sorge’s law), then the density at the same depths should be the same in different neighboring cores, and the difference between them would be explained by the measurement errors and the spatial variability.
Line 217: d is depth in m.
Line 654: to my knowledge, the 1458 eruption that was previously interpreted as Kuwae, now is rather interpreted as unknown event (Hartman, L.H., Kurbatov, A.V., Winski, D.A., Cruz-Uribe, A.M., Davies, S.M., Dunbar, N.W., Iverson, N.A., Aydin, M., Fegyveresi, J.M., Ferris, D.G., Fudge, T.J., Osterberg, E.C., Hargreaves, G.M. and Yates, M.G. (2019). Volcanic glass properties from 1459 C.E. volcanic event in South Pole ice core dismiss Kuwae caldera as a potential source. Nature Scientific Reports 9(14437), 1-7. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50939-x).
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Ikumi Oyabu, 23 Dec 2022
Ikumi Oyabu et al.
Data sets
Accumulation rate, volcanic tie points, ECM, DEP, nssSO4, density and chronology from shallow ice cores around Dome Fuji, East Antarctica Ikumi Oyabu, Kenji Kawamura, Shuji Fujita, Ryo Inoue, Hideaki Motoyama, Kotaro Fukui, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Yu Hoshina, Naoyuki Kurita, Fumio Nakazawa, Hiroshi Ohno, Konosuke Sugiura, Toshitaka Suzuki, Shun Tsutaki, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Masashi Niwano, Frédéric Parrenin, Fuyuki Saito, Masakazu Yoshimori https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20220819-001
Ikumi Oyabu et al.
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