CPD Climate of the Past Discussions CPD Clim. Past Discuss. 1814-9359 Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/cp-2019-130 Climatic subdivision of Heinrich Stadial 1 based on centennial-scale paleoenvironmental changes observed in the western Mediterranean area Camuera Jon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6799-7269 1 2 Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-8686 2 Ramos-Román María J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-1878 1 García-Alix Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-488X 2 3 Jiménez-Espejo Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-8580 3 Toney Jaime L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-6887 4 Anderson R. Scott 5 Webster Cole 5 Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Spain Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Granada, Spain School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, USA Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2013-47038-R CGL-2017-85415-R BES-2014-069117 RYC-2015-18966 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía P11-RNM-7332 RNM0190 06 11 2019 2019 1 22 Copyright: © 2019 Jon Camuera et al. 2019 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is available from https://cp.copernicus.org/preprints/cp-2019-130/ The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://cp.copernicus.org/preprints/cp-2019-130/cp-2019-130.pdf

<p>Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) is one of the most extreme climate periods of the last glacial cycle, generating extremely low sea surface temperatures (SST) and significant changes in terrestrial landscape (e.g., vegetation). Previous studies show that overall cold/dry conditions occurred during HS1, but the lack of high-resolution records precludes whether climate was stable or instead characterized by instability. A high-resolution paleoclimatic record from Padul (southern Iberian Peninsula), supported by a robust chronology, shows that climate during HS1 was non-stationary and centennial-scale variability in moisture is superimposed on this overall cold climatic period. In this study we improve the resolution and suggest a novel subdivision of HS1 in 7 sub-phases, including: i) 3 sub-phases (a.1&ndash;a.3) during an arid early phase (HS1a; &sim;18.4&ndash;17.2&thinsp;kyr&thinsp;BP), ii) a humid middle phase (HS1b; &sim;17.2&ndash;16.7&thinsp;kyr&thinsp;BP), and iii) 3 sub-phases (c.1&ndash;c.3) during an arid late phase (HS1c; &sim;16.7&ndash;15.6&thinsp;kyr&thinsp;BP). This climatic subdivision is regionally supported by SST oscillations from the Mediterranean Sea, suggesting a strong land-ocean relationship. A cyclostratigraphic analysis of our pollen data indicates that HS1 climate variability, and thus this subdivision, is characterized by &sim:2000 and &sim;800-yr periodicities, suggesting solar forcing controlling climate in this area.</p>