CP Climate of the Past CP Clim. Past 1814-9332 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/cp-10-359-2014 Volcanic forcing for climate modeling: a new microphysics-based data set covering years 1600–present Arfeuille F. 2 1 Weisenstein D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-6498 3 Mack H. 1 Rozanov E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-4488 1 4 Peter T. 1 Brönnimann S. 2 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland 20 02 2014 10 1 359 375 Copyright: © 2014 F. Arfeuille et al. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/359/2014/cp-10-359-2014.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/359/2014/cp-10-359-2014.pdf

As the understanding and representation of the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate have improved in the last decades, uncertainties in the stratospheric aerosol forcing from large eruptions are now linked not only to visible optical depth estimates on a global scale but also to details on the size, latitude and altitude distributions of the stratospheric aerosols. Based on our understanding of these uncertainties, we propose a new model-based approach to generating a volcanic forcing for general circulation model (GCM) and chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations. This new volcanic forcing, covering the 1600–present period, uses an aerosol microphysical model to provide a realistic, physically consistent treatment of the stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Twenty-six eruptions were modeled individually using the latest available ice cores aerosol mass estimates and historical data on the latitude and date of eruptions. The evolution of aerosol spatial and size distribution after the sulfur dioxide discharge are hence characterized for each volcanic eruption. Large variations are seen in hemispheric partitioning and size distributions in relation to location/date of eruptions and injected SO<sub>2</sub> masses. Results for recent eruptions show reasonable agreement with observations. By providing these new estimates of spatial distributions of shortwave and long-wave radiative perturbations, this volcanic forcing may help to better constrain the climate model responses to volcanic eruptions in the 1600–present period. The final data set consists of 3-D values (with constant longitude) of spectrally resolved extinction coefficients, single scattering albedos and asymmetry factors calculated for different wavelength bands upon request. Surface area densities for heterogeneous chemistry are also provided.

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